Introduction

Workshop: \’wərk,shäp\, noun,

a course or seminar emphasizing free discussion, exchange of ideas, demonstration of methods, and practical application of skills

Teach: \tēch\, verb,

guide the studies of : conduct through a course of studies : give instruction to

Coach: \kōch\, verb,

to train by detailed instruction, frequent demonstration, and repeated practice

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About the Workshop

The workshop is designed to provide tips on how to:

Get an understanding of the contest

Understand the benefits of spelling bees

Learn study techniques

Become aware of the available resources for studying

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How to study for Spelling Bees – Dr. Jacques Bailly

Start wherever you are

Work on your level of words until you are ready for the next.

For words like which and witch, receive and accommodate, you just have to memorize how to spell them. They are like other words (stitch, rich, itch, sandwich, etc.), but there’s no great secret.

To win a spelling bee at your school, you might have to really dig into your work. To win a spelling bee with spellers from several schools, you will have to dig deeper. Start with whatever you know now and build from there. As with most big tasks, it’s all about small steps. If you keep taking small steps toward better word knowledge, the biggest dictionary won’t be big enough for you!

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Basics to Spelling Well!

To improve and develop their spelling children need to: develop an interest in words

feel safe about trying new words not just words they're sure about

Parents can help their children by:

encouraging them to look closely at words

encouraging them to try new words

not criticize their spelling mistakes

playing word games with them, such as: hangman

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Common Rules for Spelling

‘i’ before the ‘e’ except after c

Examples:

Chief, brief, believe, yield

Receive, deceive

How about -- Seize, leisure, neither, weird??

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Common Rules for Spelling

Hard sound /k/ made by ‘c’

cat, cot, cut

When c is followed by [a, o, u], ‘c’ makes the hard sound

Soft sound /s/ made by ‘c’

ice, city, fancy

When c is followed by [i, e, y], ‘c’ makes the soft sound

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Only one word in English ends in sede, supersede.

Only three words end in ceed, exceed, proceed, succeed.

All other words end in cede.

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Cede, ceed and sede

When a prefix is added to a word to alter the meaning, the spelling of the root word remains the same.

in + audible = inaudible

im + mature = immature

dis + appear = disappear

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Adding Prefixes

0 Drop the final “e” in a root word if you add a suffix beginning with a vowel.

0 Drive + ing = driving

0 Love + able = lovable

• Words ending in “ce” and “ge” keep their silent e (to make the soft sound)

0 Notice + able = noticeable

0 Change + able = changeable

0 Compare Forcible and Enforceable

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Suffixes that begin with vowels

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• Plurals of nouns are formed by adding either an –s or –es. The ending of the root word determines how its plural is formed.

• Most nouns are pluralized by adding an –s to the end of the word.

Girl = girls

Task = tasks

Forming Plurals

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The plurals of some nouns are formed in irregular ways.

Man = men

Woman = women

Ox = oxen

Some nouns are the same in both singular and plural forms

Deer, sheep, salmon

Irregular Plurals of simple nouns

Forming plurals with -es

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When a noun ends with s, x, z, ch, or sh, the plural is formed by adding an –es.

Dress = dresses

Index = indexes

Match = matches

crash = crashes

Forming plurals (y endings)

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When a noun ends with a consonant followed by y, change the y into an i and add –es.

lady = ladies

Pony = ponies

When the noun ends with a vowel followed by y, just add –s.

Toy = toys

Journey = journeys

Forming plurals (f endings)

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Nouns ending with f are very hard to predict

Ending with f, add –s

Gulf = gulfs, belief = beliefs

Ending with fe, change f to v, add –s

Knife = knives, life = lives

Ending with f, add –es

Thief = thieves, calf = calves

Forming plurals (o endings)

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Nouns ending with o are very regular

Ending with vowel-o, add –s

Toe = toes, ratio = ratios

Ending with consonant-o, add –es

Hero = heroes, tornado = tornadoes

Dictionary Skills

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0 Guide words

0 Pronunciation

0 Part of speech

0 Multiple definitions

Dictionary CD ROM Features

Guide Words

The words at the top of the page that let you know what part of the alphabetic range is covered on that page.

Help you to thumb through the dictionary to find your word

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Pronunciation

When you have located your word and its definition, you will also see, in parentheses, the pronunciation.

The key to the pronunciation symbols can usually be found on the inside cover of the dictionary.

You can practice using the key to write and read pronunciations

This will help you to recognize words mentioned during the Bee.

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Part of Speech

Typically, a dictionary will also provide you with the part of speech that each word can occur as, and the definition it has in each form.

Race can be a noun (I ran in a race), or it can be a verb (I raced home).

Listening to the example sentence given in the Bee can also provide you with some useful guidance in this area.

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Multiple Definitions

Most words in the dictionary can have two or more definitions.

One of the reasons could be because of the part of speech the word can serve as.

The multiple definitions can also be a result of different usages:

The lawn was dug up by moles.

There’s a mole in this organization.

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Homonyms and Variants

Homonym, \’hämə,nim\, noun 0one of two or more words spelled and

pronounced alike but different in meaning (fair/fare, appellation/appalachian, sinology/cynology)

Variant, \vāreənt\, noun 0one of two or more different spellings (as

labor and labour or indexes and indices) or pronunciations

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Dictionary CD ROM

Searching Skills – Using CD ROM

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Spelling Bee – Resources

Beginners: "Orton" Phonograms http://www.riggsinst.org

Intermediate and Advanced http://www.myspellit.com

http://www.spellingbee.com

http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/mwwod.pl

http://www.dictionary.com/wordoftheday

Spelling Bee Movies Spellbound – Documentary

Akeelah and the Bee - Fiction

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Spelling Bee – Resources

Dictionary: Webster's Elementary Dictionary

Webster's Third New International Dictionary and its addenda section, copyright 2002, Merriam-Webster, (Webster's Third)

Super Advanced Krill's Greek and Latin in English Today

Dunmore's Studies in Etymology.

Ayers' English Words from Latin and Greek Elements

Wheelock's Latin

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

Vowel Sounds

0 a - (cat), (ate), (want), (talk)

0 e - (end), (even)

0 i - (hit), (bite), (radio)

0 o - (odd), (over), (do), (cost)

0 u - (cup), (music), (true), (put)

0 y - (myth), (cry), (baby)

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

2 – letter phonograms

0ck (2 letter k)

0neck, back, kick, pack, peck

0kn (2letter n used to begin a word)

0knee, knot, knead, knowledge

0gn ( 2 letter n used to begin & end a word)

0gnaw, sign

0ee (2-letter e)

0feet, bee, feel, fleet

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

The ‘er’ phonograms

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

er

her, term

ir

bird, first, sir, stir

ur

turn, nurse, burn

or

works, word

ear earth, early, earn

Her first nurse

works early

3 – letter phonograms

0dge (3-letter "j")

0pledge, badge, lodge, fudge, edge

0tch (3-letter "ch" )

0catch, hatch, match, batch

0igh (3-letter "i")

0high, sigh, bright, night, light

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

4 – letter phonograms

0eigh (4-letter "a")

0weigh, neighbor, eight

0ough (4-letter "o" )

0though, thorough, bough

0ough (other sounds)

0 through, rough, cough, thought

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

/sh/ phonograms

0sh (used to begin and end a word)

0show, sharp, shape, push, fish

0ti

0station, partial, motion

0si

0pension, mansion

0ci

0special

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Source – www.riggsinst.org

More phonograms…. Sounds in the

middle

Sounds at the

end

Sounds in the

middle

Sounds at the

end

ai (ā)

paint

ay (ā)

tray

ei (ā)

veil, vein

ey (ā)

they

au (aw)

fault

aw

saw

oi

coin

oy

boy

ei (ē)

receive

ey (ē)

Monkey

ou (ow)

loud

ow (ow)

how

eu (ū)

feud

ew (ū)

new

ou (ō)

four

ow (ō)

blow

41 Source – www.riggsinst.org

Comprehensive Approach

Studying for spelling is not just Memorizing

Look at / Listen to the word Look for trouble spots Understand the meaning Review the Part of Speech Review the Language of Origin Look for suffixes Look for Prefixes Say the word Write the word

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I M P E C C A B L E

Prefix

Word Root

Suffix

Letter or a group of letters

Attached to the beginning

Changes the word meaning

The foundation for the meaning of the word

Letter or a group of letters

Attached to the end

Changes the word meaning

Anatomy of a Word

Create a Notebook

As part of your study approach, create lists by categories

troublesome words beginning with the /e/ sound such as illumination, eradicate, elucidate, immaculate, innovation, irresponsible. troublesome words ending in -ary, -ery, and -ory troublesome words ending in -ance/-ant and -ence/-ent troublesome words ending in -ious and –eous troublesome words ending in -ian and –ean troublesome words ending in –ice, ine and –ile Create a list of different breeds of dogs Create a list of medical words Create a list of food words

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Sample List bulldog husky retriever spaniel dalmatian mastiff pomeranian pekingese maltese schnauzer corgi rottweiler dachshund affenpinscher Keeshond Muishond

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Prefixes

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a-, an-

a-

a-

not, without (e.g. atheist, anaemic)

to, towards (e.g. aside, aback)

completely (e.g. abash)

ab- away, from (e.g. abdicate, abstract)

ante- Before, preceding (e.g. antecedent, ante-room)

anti- (also ant-) opposing, against, opposite (e.g. antibiotic, anticlimax, Antarctic

de- down, away (e.g. descend, despair)

dia- through, across (e.g. diagonal)

hyper- beyond, more than (e.g. hypersonic, hyperactive)

hypo- under (e.g. hypothermic, hypothermia)

ultra- beyond (e.g. ultraviolet, ultrasonic)

extreme (e.g. ultramicroscopic)

un- not (e.g. unacceptable, unreal)

reversal or cancellation of action or state (e.g. unplug, unmask)

Noun Forming Suffixes

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-an, -ian, -ean one that is of or belonging to (e.g. American)

-al action or process (e,g bestowal, withdrawal, rehearsal)

-age action or process (e.g. storage, wreckage, damage )

-age aggregate : collection (e.g. cellarage)

-dom quality, realm (e.g. freedom, kingdom, wisdom )

-ity, -ty state of, quality (e.g. celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty )

ion act or process (e.g. acidulation, construction: ambition)

-osis state, condition, action (e.g. neurosis, psychosis, leukosis)

-some like, apt, tending to (e.g. lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome )

-ure state of, act, process, rank (e.g. culture, literature, rupture, rapture )

-y state, condition, quality (e.g. philosophy)

Adjective Forming Suffixes

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-aceous characterized by (e.g. argillaceous)

-al relating to (e.g. gradual, fictional, directional)

-ar of or belonging to (e.g. linear, molecular, spectacular, muscular)

-ary of or belonging to or connected with (e.g. budgetary, discretionary, parliamentary, unitary)

-ic having the character or form of (e,g. panoramic, rhombic)

-ine of or belonging to (e.g. feminine, genuine, estuarine)

-ose full of, having, possessing the qualities of (e.g. sucrose)

-ous, -ious full of : abounding in : having : possessing the qualities of (e.g. glamorous, edacious)

-some like, apt, tending to (e.g. lonesome, threesome, gruesome )

-y characterized by (e.g. blossomy, dirty)

Diminutive Suffixes

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-cule very small (e.g. molecule, ridicule, animalcule)

-cle, -icle little one (e.g. denticle, corpuscle, funicle)

-ella diminutive (e.g. umbrella, squamella)

-et small one (e.g. midget, baronet, sextet, cellaret, singlet)

-ette small one, group (e.g. lorgnette, wagonette, kitchenette, dinette)

-ie little one (e.g. birdie, bootie, nightie)

-ling very small (e.g. duckling, sapling )

-ina small (concertina)

-ula diminutive (e.g. Clangula, siphonula, placula)

Greek Origin – Sounds / Spellings

Sounds Spelling Example

/ f / ph naphtha, phone, photograph

/ z /(at the beginning)

x Xyloid, Xylophone

/ r / (at the beginning)

rh rhomboid, rhizome, rhinoceros

/ s /(at the beginning)

ps psalm, psychology

/ u /(at the beginning)

Eu (means good)

Euphoria, Euphemism , Euonym

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Spanish Origin – Sounds / Spellings

Sounds Spelling Example

/ h / j junta, jicara, jicama, jalapeño

/ A / e quesadilla, jalapeño

/ nyuh / n Piñata, mañana, cabaña, señorita

/ yuh / ll novillo, jicarilla, quesadilla

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French Origin – Sounds / Spellings

Sounds Spelling Example

/ ahzh / at end of word age fuselage, garage, camouflage, sabotage, triage

/ odd / at end of word ade facade, croustade

/ A / at end of word et bouquet, crochet

/ oh / eau trousseau, plateau, bureau

/ oh / au mauve, taupe, chauffeur

/ oo / ou (base word)

croustade, soufflé, bouquet, loupe, boutique, coulomb

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Numbers in Latin

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Cardinal Numbers Prefix Meaning Word

uni- one unity

bi- two biennial

tri- three trimester

quad- four quadrangle

quint- five quintuplets

sex- six sexennial

sept- seven septuplet

oct- eight octave

novem- nine November *

dec-, decem- ten decade

cent- hundred centimeter

mill- thousand millimeter

Ordinal Numbers

Prefix Meaning Word

prim- first primeval

second- second secondary

tert- third tertiary

quart- fourth quartile

quin- fifth quintet

sext- sixth sextet

sept- * seventh September **

oct- * eighth October **

nona- nineth nonagon

dec-, decim- tenth decimate

Numbers in Greek

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Number Forms

Prefix Meaning Word Prefix Meaning Word

mono- one monogram octo- eight octogenarian

bi- two bipolar ennea- nine ennead

tri- three trimester deca- ten decade

tetra- four tetrameter hecato- hundred hecatomb

penta- five pentagon kilo- thousand kilogram

hexa- six hexagon myriad- ten thousand myriad

hepta- seven heptagon proto- first prototype

Spelling Made Simple

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Link to the Website www.spelling madesimple.com

Exercises

See if you can make the following words:

an object has the power to move by itself

something that allows you to see small things.

something that you speak into that records the sounds you make

the condition in which the government is ruled by the People

the correct, or standard, opinion.

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Exercises

Try some more…….

a person who corrects your teeth

picture written with light

the idea of saying something in a pleasant way

the love of thinking, or wisdom

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Exercises

Ready for more?

having two lenses, for both eyes

reduce the value of something

to evaluate before you know it all

to make alive again

an instrument that enlarges a small sound

the state of rule, or government, by one person

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Exercises

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For each of the following words, guess the meanings by identifying the roots, prefixes, and suffixes:

biography ____________________ autobiography ____________________ biology ____________________ biodegradable ____________________

What does the prefix bio mean? ________________

Exercises

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For each of the following words, guess the meanings by identifying the roots, prefixes, and suffixes:

superhuman ____________________ supernova ____________________ superpower ____________________ supernatural ____________________

What does the prefix super mean? ________________

Exercises

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For each of the following words, guess the meanings by identifying the roots, prefixes, and suffixes:

misbehave ____________________ misfortune ____________________ misconduct ____________________

What does the prefix mis mean? ________________

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What are you measuring with each of these words? thermometer ____________________ centimeter ____________________ diameter ____________________ barometer ____________________

What are you seeing with each of these words? microscope ____________________ Pyroscope ____________________ Hydroscope ____________________ telescope ____________________ kaleidoscope ____________________

Exercises

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The prefixes magni-, mega-, macro and micro- all have to do with size. Which of them mean something big, and which mean small? Big: __________________ Small: ____________________

When did these things take place:

postgraduate __________ postscript ____________ Posthumous ____________ postwar ________________ postmortem ______________

What does post mean? ________________

Exercises

Thank You and Good Luck!

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We covered the following today:

Mock Spelling Bee Anatomy of a word – how to break it down correctly and help yourself to spell correctly Orton Phonograms Etymology Patterns Review of common Greek and Latin roots Review of prefixes and suffixes