The Colonial System in America

Introduction

The reign…of Spain Spain continued to

maintain its colonial empire for over 300 years.

The system that they established had to be improvised over the course of time because it had never been done before.

Other countries Countries such as

England, Holland, and France took advantage of Spain’s enormous responsibility and snuck in settlements in North America and the Caribbean.

Revolution

In 1810, the colonies began to revolt and by 1825 Spain had lost much of its colonial empire in America.

The Controversies of the Indian Population

He was a Dominican friar on the island of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti)

He was the first member of the clergy to publicly denounce all forms of enslavement and oppression of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

He was a 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar.

He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians”.

He dedicated his life to protecting the Indians.

In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility.

The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives and instruct them in the Spanish language and in the Catholic faith: in return they could extract tribute from the natives in the form of labor/gold.

Carlos V tried two times to ruin the encomienda systems (1526 & 1552), but he failed both times.

The imperial authority lost control of all the colonies because of the colony officials.

The Indian population declined for several reasons:

Disease was a major factor, smallpox, measles, typhus.

Another factor was warfare. The Indians were constantly getting into altercations with the invading countries—most of the time the Indians were on the losing side.

The Indians also had very poor working conditions.

The new world as oneThe New World was under debate weather to be separated into two lands or to stay into one land.

The new world in Two They thought it should be into

two lands because of the amount of control they would have if they had more capitals to control the lands.

The Real Consejo de las Indias was an advisory council that gave advice to the Crown as to how to run the colonies.

Of course, this was set up in Spain, not in the colonies.

They wanted two parts to maximize administrative efficiency.

The Commerci

al Monopoly

Monopoly Money Systems of

monopolies controlled all traffic of goods into Spain and America to ensure that the gold and silver of the Indians arrived without difficulties in Spain and Portugal.

Plotting the TripSpain had to plan

for a trip two or three years in advance which resulted in the rapid growth of the contraband, or illegal trading.

Arrghh!

PiratesPrivate, merchant ships were attacked by pirates and had to be protected by fleets of Spanish warships.

Supplying the ColoniesThe fleets were

unable to provide sufficient amounts of merchandise to properly supply the colonies and the restrictive routes monopolies use were slow and expensive.

Trade in the New World

Veracruz, Mexico was the port where Spain supplied the viceroyalty of New Spain with materials not found in the New World.

What made Potosi famous?

It was famous for being a mountain made of silver ore.

Old Las Vegas· Potosi was like the modern-day Las Vegas, the city had gambling , prostitution, and other luxuries you would not find in Europe.· This city brought in a lot more profit then Spain expected from a colonial town.

Did the Gold and Silver in the Indies benefit Spain?

NO! Because Spain just used the gold and silver to fund their wars against

other European nations.

Gold, Silver and Conquest

Gold and Silver influenced the Spanish to conquer more land, knowing once they find more gold and silver they

will become the most powerful country in Europe.

From the ENCOMIENDA to the HACIENDA

• Encomienda is a plantation where indians were forced to work as slaves..

• A Hacienda is more of a farm where free workers came to do the labor. They developed close relationships with the owners.

Encomiendas created these large estates, estates that separated throughout the territories of the colonies.

With an encomienda, you owned all of the land AND all of the people living there.

IN MANY CASES A SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP, BOTH ECONOMIC AND EMOTIONAL

BETWEEN THE LANDOWNER AND THE LABORERS WHO WORKED ON THE HACIENDA FORMED AND OFTEN WERE ALLOWED TO CULTIVATE SMALL PLOTS OF LAND FOR THE BENEFIT OF THEIR FAMILIES.

OVER TIME FAMERS BECAME POWERFUL CHIEFS

The church in America

ConversionThe Catholic

monks baptized 4 million natives in the first 15 years following the conquest.

Intimidation The church

would intimidate people, at times they would throw dogs and cats in the oven to show the sufferings of hell.

Missions The most successful

Missions flourished in the areas of Paraguay during the 17 and 18 century with a native population that came to surpass the 100,000 people.

The Church during the

Colonial Period The church was apart of the government. It was the great agency of the social service during the colonial period, maintaining all kinds of establishments benefits from hospitals and sanitariums to asylums of elders.

The Good of the Church

The church was the great agency of social service during the colonial period, (welfare, giving food and money to the poor, etc.).

Slavery

Jessie DeCann

Treaty of Madrid The Spain Monarchy agreed to this.This was when the Church decided to give the lands back to Portugal.

•The natives in missions were sold into slavery.

Slavery SPAIN PORTUGA

LSpain eventually found slavery to be illegal in it’s colonial territories.

Portugal on the other hand thought it was a brilliant way to get work done without having to do it themselves

Slavery Enhanced The natives weren’t able to

continue on with the hard labor that the Portuguese and Spaniards needed.

•In 1441 African slave trade had begun

African Slave TradeIn Africa, Africans sold each other to Europeans.

They transported slaves over the Atlantic Ocean on ships.