Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis Workshop 1 Eunice Park

Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis

Workshop 1Eunice Park

Workshop 1 agenda:

• Introductions• Ice breaker game• What is Applied

Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

• Quick! Think fast!• Basic concepts of

ABA• Quick! Think fast!• Break

• What is a motivating operation (MO)?

• Developing new behavior

Imitation-ImitationS-Sh-Sha-Shap-

Shapi-Shapin-Shapin-Shaping

Chaining..Gniniahc

Workshop 1 agenda:

• Hi team,My name is Eunice and today’s workshop will be

focusing on the foundation of Applied Behavior Analysis. Today’s workshop will be packed with information, but will be used in the following 2 workshops, and my goal is that the information learned today, will make the application portion of the workshops that follow, easier. I want to thank you for taking time out of your schedules for these 3 workshops. We are all a TEAM!

Ice breaker

• Please introduce yourselves (even if you know one another) and tell us what animal you would be if you had to choose, and why.

• Hint hint: Remember what your colleagues say, because this may show up in a “Quick! Think fast!” section.

• I would be a bunny, because that is the animal of the year I was born, and I like to “hop” around

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) in the special needs population

• The workshop as a whole will focus on applying ABA in the special needs population.

• The examples that follow in the following workshops (day 2 and 3), will pertain to working with children affected by autism or a related disorder.

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

• According to Cooper (2007), ABA is a science devoted to the understanding and improvement of human behavior.

• ABA focuses on objectively and operationally defined behaviors of social significance.

ABA is the science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.http://youtu.be/y5RANWVW3SI

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice

Hall.

http://youtu.be/y5RANWVW3SI

Quick! Think fast!

• Tell me, what animal did I say I was?i. Birdii. Fishiii. Bunny• ABA focuses on subjectively defined

behaviors of social significance.i. Trueii. False

Basic concepts of ABA

Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

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Present/increase stimulus

Withdraw/decrease stimulus

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

POSITIVEPUNISHMENT

NEGATIVEPUNISHMENT

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

A-B-C

• Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

• Antecedent: what occurred before the behavior

• Behavior: what occurred

• Consequence: what occurred after the behavior

• Example:The therapist said,

“copy me” and clapped her hands (A). The child responded, and clapped their hands (B). The therapist socially praised and reinforced the behavior with a cookie (C).

What increases the occurrence of behavior?

• Reinforcement (SR+): this increases the future occurrence of behavior.

• Positive reinforcement: behavior is immediately followed by the presentation of a stimulus

• Negative reinforcement: occurrence of response produces removal of a stimulus

http://youtu.be/wfraBsz9gX4This video talks about

positive and negative reinforcementCooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior

analysis. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

http://youtu.be/wfraBsz9gX4

http://youtu.be/wfraBsz9gX4

What decreases occurrence of behavior?

• Punishment: this decreases the future occurrence of behavior

• Positive punishment: behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases future occurrence of behavior

• Negative punishment: behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that decreases future occurrence of behavior


Quick! Think fast!

• Positive reinforcement increases the future occurrence of behavior by the addition of a stimulus.

i. True ii. False• Which of these decreases the future

occurrence of behavior?i. Negative punishmentii. Negative reinforcement• Take a 10 minute break


What is a motivating operation (MO)?

• A motivating operation (MO) is an environmental variable that:

a) Increases/decreases the reinforcing/punishing effectiveness of some stimulus

b) Increases/decreases the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced/punished by that stimulus


Motivating Operations (MO)

• Establishing operation (EO):

• Increase value/SR+ effectiveness

• Evocative effect: • Increase current

frequency

• Abolishing operation (AO):

• Decrease value/SR+ effectiveness

• Abative effect:• Decrease current

frequency


Developing new behavior

• Imitation any physical

movement may function as a model

Imitative behavior must immediately follow the presentation of the model

Have formal similarity (model and behavior are the same)

• Shaping Process of

systematically and differentially reinforcing successive approximations to an end behavior

Used everyday to acquire new behaviors on a daily basis

http://youtu.be/TtfQlkGwE2U




Developing new behavior

• Chaining, aka behavior chain is a sequence of responses. Each response serves as a cue for the next response.

• Chaining is used in our everyday lives.

• Example: Handwashing

a. Turn on waterb. Get soapc. Rub hands with

soapd. Rinse hands in

watere. Turn off waterf. Dry hands on towel


Workshop 2

• Tomorrow’s workshop will focus on these items:

What can we do to decrease behavior, without the use of punishment?

Quick! Think fast! (One last one)Promoting behavior changeEthics for ABA

Thank you! See you tomorrow!

Documents

Introduction on Applied Behavior Analysis Workshop 1 Eunice Park