Introduction of Recent Market and Smart Grid Technologies

© 2017 Toshiba Corporation

Introduction of Recent Market and

Smart Grid Technologies in Japan

Daisuke Takeda Toshiba Corporation

Japan Smart Community Alliance(JSCA)

Utilities

Institutions Manufacturers

Developers Members: 257 (As of September 2017)

Electric power, gas, automobile, information and communications, electric machinery, construction and trading industries as well as the public sector and academia

What is JSCA? JSCA is public-private organization supported by government, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

What is JSCA’s mission? ○JSCA’s mission is to aggressively promote business development into energy sector by utilizing our cutting-age technologies. ○And also JSCA contribute to the growth of industry and society all over the world.

http://www.smart-japan.org/english

Who are main members? Chairman; Mitsubishi Electric Board; Hitachi, Itochu, Kansai Electric Power, NTT, Panasonic, Shimizu, Tokyo Gas, Toshiba, TOYOTA Secretariat; NEDO




© 2017 Toshiba Corporation 3

• Introduction of Japanese Market

– Organization

– Deregulation

– Renewable Energy

• Technology Focus

– Wide-area-network SCADA System

– Smart Meter Communication System

– Battery and EMS (Energy Management System)

Table of Contents


Japanese EPCOs 10 Vertically Integrated Electricity Power Companies (EPCOs)

Two frequencies, 50Hz and 60Hz

Reference: Japan’s Electricity Market Deregulation, June 2015 by METI


Power Supply Configuration in Japan

Source by METI, Energy Whitepaper 2017

New Energy（4.7%@2016）

Nuclear

LNG

Oil Coal

Hydro


1. Establishment of the organization for cross-regional coordination (2015)

2. Full retail competition (2016)

3. Legal unbunding of transmission / distribution sector (2020)

3 Steps of Deregulation in Japan

Reference: Japan’s Electricity Market Deregulation, June 2015 by METI


Market Share of PPS

Source by METI, April 21, 2017

2nd Step @April 2016

Full Retail Competition

15.0

10.0

5.0

0

[%]

• Market share of PPS is about 3% and it is about 9% of

total market

High voltage Low voltage Total


• Strategy of Japanese government

– 13.5% by 2020

– 20% by 2030

Renewable Energy

Reference: http://www.renewable-ei.org/column/column_20160908.php

FY2013

FY2014

FY2015

FY2016


• Re-organization of supply-demand balancing system

Load dispatching control system

• Increasing operation efficiency of transmission and

distribution

AMI system, Advanced SCADA/DMS

• Frequency regulation for renewable energy sources

BESS (Battery Energy Storage System)

and EMS (Energy Management System)

• After the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011

– Reconsidering the energy strategy

– Increasing the motivation of energy conservation

Challenges


Wide-area-network

SCADA System


A single Wide-area-network SCADA

A RCC

B RCC

C RCC

D RCC

E RCC

F RCC

DC

DC(backup)

A RCC

B RCC

C RCC

D RCC

E RCC

F RCC

Traditional Configuration

Wide-area-network SCADA system

What is the Wide-area-network SCADA? – A Single System which controls wider area previously controlled

by several standalone SCADAs.

– Operates on servers which is connected by IP networks

New System Configuration

(RCC: Regional Control Center) (DC: Data Center)

6 Standalone SCADAs

Real world example of Wide-area-network SCADA

1 2 3

4 5 6

DC(backup)

Confidential


Issues

• High capital/operating expenditures due to the installation at

each regional control center or substation.

• Difficulty in backup operations due to the lack of remote control

function from other centers.

Issues of Traditional SCADA

Confidential

A RCC

B RCC

C RCC

D RCC

E RCC

F RCC (RCC: Regional Control Center)

Traditional SCADA Configuration

No Accesses and no Controls to other RCCs

NO

ENTRY

To solve these issues,

Toshiba developed Wide-area-network SCADA


Wide-area-network SCADA system

Advantage of Wide-area-network SCADA – Can be installed Data centers away from the control region or

substation.

– Can operate on any server in the system for any control regions.

DC

DC DC

A RCC

B RCC

C RCC

D RCC

E RCC

F RCC

Remote control with Wide-area-

network SCADA system

Secure communication

Secure User Authentication with

IC card

Robust and efficient data

management

Thin Client Terminals

Other features

Confidential


Disaster resiliency with flexible backup operation

In case of outage at a Regional Control Center, two adjacent

centers will take over the control.

Backup Operation by Wide-area-network SCADA

Example of Backup operation

A-RCC

B-RCC

A-RCC

B-RCC

Normal Operations C-RCC

Disaster

Disaster and backup operation C-RCC

Confidential


Smart Meter

Communication System


More than 500,000 units installation monthly. More than 99.9% of meter reading collection rate for

30 minutes interval is achieved and maintained.

Technology that realizes high data collection rate:

• Wireless area design technology

• Optimal communication path control technology

- Communication Route redundancy

- Automatic re-collection technology at missed meter reading

- Automatic configuration recognition technology

• Scalability corresponding to large scale smart meter deployment

Smart Meter Communication System for TEPCO

Smart meter equipped with

Toshiba communication module

Photo:

https://twitter.com/OfficialTEPCO/status/45

4770919072743424/photo/1

• One of the largest smart meter installation project in the world

- 27 million units to be installed by FY 2020.

• Maintain high network quality in speedy installation


Current Field Deployment Status

• As of 2017 September, the installation of smart meter over 13 million

units

• 27 million units to be installed by FY 2020.

13 million units


3 Types of Communication Networks

「Wireless Multi-hop Type」 For Urban Areas

「PLC Type」 For High-rise Residences

「1:N Wireless(Cellular) Type」 For Rural・Agricultural Areas

• Put the right communication system in the right place

• All communication systems are based on IP (IPv6)

IEEE 802.15.4/e/g ITU-T G.9903 3G/LTE


WAN FAN / NAN

ECHONET Lite IEC 62056 (DLMS/COSEM)

IPv6

Concentrator Smart meter

Home

(HEMS)

Head End System

• Utilization of communication system to realize services such as remote

control & monitoring and visualization of energy usage

• Ensuring compatibility, strong security, reducing procurement costs

and utilizing various applications by fully compliant with international

standards.

Adoption of Global Standards – Interoperability and Flexibility

Standards for route B profile Standards for ECHONET Standards for Internet protocol (IPv6), security (PANA)


HEMS Communication

adapter for

HT connection Smartmeter Concentrator Head end system

Smart Meter Communication System for TEPCO

Toshiba Home Gateway

Communication unit (built-in)

For installation on the back of the instrument

920MHz wireless

Wi-SUN

For carrier network (on-pole)

Bluetooth

• Toshiba provided main communication system devices to TEPCO

excluding smartmeter metering unit

Handy terminal


Battery Energy Storage

System and EMS


Renewable Energy and Large Scale Battery Storages

• About 25% Renewables

• 1MW / min ramping is required

• About 25% Renewables

• About more than 30% renewables

• Output curtailment is required

Year

￠ / KWh FIT for PV is decreasing and the

current price is about ￠20 / kWh

Li-on Battery

- 40MW / 20MWh

- 40MW / 40MWh

Redox Flow Battery 15MW / 60MWh

Sodium Sulfur Battery

15MW / 60MWh


Uses highly safe lithium

titanium oxide (LTO)

Over 15,000

cycles* Can be used at

temperatures as low

as -30 ⁰C

Rechargeable

in 6 minutes*

Chargeable at large current

and provides large current

output

Provides a large

available capacity (SOC: State of Charge)

* Measured with a particular single cell under specific

conditions

Toshiba’s Lithium-ion Battery


Features

Rapid charging

Low-temperature operation

Can be charged from 0 to over

80% SOC in 6 minutes

Can provide adequate discharge capacity at -30 ⁰C

Long life over 15,000 charge-

discharge cycles

SCiBTM

Extremely Safe

Crush Test Penetration Test


Capacity

● Measured at 1C

Charge/Discharge Patterns:

- 5C system for PV output fluctuation suppression

Charge/Discharge Patterns:

- 3C system for continuous operation by PJM FR signals

Time [o’clock]

Po

wer

[kW

]

：PV output

：Battery

output

96.8%@2,135 days

Time [o’clock]

Dis

charg

e

Ch

arg

e

C r

ate

[kW

/kW

]

SO

C [

%]

：C rate

：SOC

99.9%@462 days

SO

H [

%]

elapsed days

SO

H [

%]

elapsed days

Capacity

Almost no degradation can be found for 15-month measurements

Field Data 1 Fluctuation Suppression

Field Data 2 Frequency Regulation

● Measured at 1C

20Ah Cell

Capacity degradation is less than 1% per year for 6 years

4.2Ah Cell

Field Results of Long Life Characteristics


Kurima-Island 100% Renewable Project

Kurima Island

Miyako

Island

Self-consumption of 100% renewable energies

EMS

Tie-line power

Control Image

Objectives

・100% renewable energies

・Establishing the model of small island

Tie-line power = 0

Start End

SCiBTM

BESS : 100kW-176kWh

Operation Start : Jan. 9, 2014 About 100 houses, 200 residents Maximum Demand : 200-300kW Installed PV : About 380kW BESS : 100kW-176kWh x 2 sets

Charge /Discharge


Documents

Introduction of Recent Market and Smart Grid Technologies