IntroductionIntroduction to the piece.

Why measure carbon monoxide? OSHA/WHO standard.

Discuss sources of CO.

Discuss amount expected to be found in homes.

Names:

Figure 1: Photo of cigar and air pump apparatus. Include the instruments in this photo.

Indoor Air Quality: Carbon MonoxideIndoor Air Quality: Carbon Monoxide

AbstractAn abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject or discipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript, acting as the point-of-entry for any given scientific paper or patent application. Abstracting and indexing services for various academic disciplines are aimed at compiling a body of literature for that particular subject.

MethodsDescribe instruments used, electrochemical reactions, detection levels, calibration, software, temporal resolution etc.

Discuss process of calculating ACH using a cigar and CO monitor. (Ott et al, 2006).

Field SamplingDescribe the process.

List all locations sampled.

DiscussionDiscuss our findings.

1.Differences between instruments. EL CO only measures in increments of 0.5.2.Spike of CO when furnace turns on, wood burner vs gas furnace, cigar measurement etc.3.ELs problem accurately reading less than 3 ppm CO. Correlation may be better at higher CO levels.

Discuss extensions to this study…what to do next.

References[1] http://www.langan.biz , 03/11.

[2] Ott, W., Stenemann, A., and Wallace, L. (2007) Exposure Analysis, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL.

List all studies cited.7 sub sections, in all, keep them brief and to the point.

Figure 2: Graph comparing Langan T15n (red) to Easy Log CO (orange).

ResultsEngineering lab ach = 35.4 m3/hr, corresponds to ___ room changes per hour (require room volume, divide 35.4 by room volume in m3).

Max and min levels found.

Figure 3: Graph ACH analysis with slope equation.

Figure 4: Correlation between EL and Langan CO monitors (rounded to nearest whole number.)

QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

Pittsburgh’s industrial history has been mapped through many venues, and this project seeks to add another. It has the potential to provide a record of the area’s industrial development by serving as a catchment for fly ash. Analyses of core sediments show the concentrations of metals and fly-ash particulates that were released from the high temperature fossil fuel combustion and steel production that took place during the city’s steel boom during the late 19th and 20th centuries.

Pittsburgh is at the hub of three major converging watersheds, the Lower Allegheny, the Lower Monogahela, and the Upper Ohio. The streams, ponds, lakes, and wetlands of Pittsburgh’s Schenley Park fall into four sub-watersheds. Phipps Run and Panther Hollow both drain into Panther Hollow Lake, a 94-year-old manmade reservoir. Panther Hollow Lake drains into the Monongahela River. Schenley Park, which lies entirely within the city, has many bridges, bridle and pedestrian trails, and a few roads.

Introduction

A 47.0 cm core was recovered from Panther Hollow Lake, a 94 year old reservoir. The protected watershed has two small tributaries that feed the pond; both of which lie entirely within the 456 acre Schenley Park. The core was extruded in the field at a 0.5 cm interval and the sediments analyzed for a suite of metals using an ICP-AES. Results show initially high values for lead, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and copper peaking between the 1950(s) and 1960(s), but each element shows a marked decreasing trend after 1970 when the steel industry decreased local production. The core also has the potential to provide a record of the area’s industrial development by serving as a catchment for fly ash. Fly ash is the particulate matter dispensed by high temperature fossil fuel combustion cells and is emitted into the atmosphere with other flue gases. It typically includes aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, and barium. This work is in progress.

Abstract

Brianne M. Cassidy, Mark B. Abbott, & Michael F. Rosenmeier, University of Pittsburgh

ASTER VNIR (bands 3,2,1 in R,G,B, resp.). Shaded relief image of Schenley Park area created from 10-meter USGS Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) overlay.

MethodsA 47.0 cm sediment core with an intact sediment-water interface was collected from the ice in January of 2003 using a corer fitted with a 7 cm diameter polycarbonate tube. Sediments were extruded in the field into continuous 0.5 cm increments (94 samples) to eliminate potential disturbance. Sediments consist of uniform olive-brown gyttja with no visible clastic horizons or chemical precipitates. Samples from each interval were transferred into 7.2 cm3 paleomagnetic cubes and measured for bulk density and mass magnetic susceptibility using a Bartington MS2B Dual Frequency sensor and MS2 Magnetic Susceptibility meter. Core sub-samples were processed and analyzed for metals from 94 levels every 0.5 cm. Metals were extracted from 0.5 g of freeze-dried sediment with 1.58 M HNO3 by constant agitation at room temperature for 24 hours. This weak extraction procedure deliberately targets labile metals adsorbed to organic and inorganic surfaces, and not those associated with the mineralogy of sediment inorganic constituents. Dilution of 1:10 (extract:DI water) was required to meet the detection limits of the Spectroflame Modula-EOP ICP-AES that was used for the analyses. The concentration of each sample was calculated from the mean mg/L of three analyses. Four known samples of concentrations similar to those achieved in the study were analyzed to assure that there were no interferences due to high concentrations at adjacent wavelengths. Fluxes were calculated assuming a sedimentary rate of 0.5 cm per year, as Panther Hollow Lake is 94 years old and we recovered a 47.0 cm core that bottomed on bedrock.

Above: Panther Hollow Lake today. Below left: Industrial Pittsburgh. Below right: Panther Hollow Lake boathouse circa 1920.

Dry Bulk Density Magnetic Susceptibility Pb ppm Cu ppm As ppm V ppm Sr ppm (g/cm3) (SI)

Dep

th (

cm)

Yea

r

Dry Bulk Density Magnetic Susceptibility Pb flux Cu flux As flux V flux Sr flux (g/cm3) (SI) (µg/yr cm2) (µg/yr cm2) (µg/yr cm2) (µg/yr cm2) (µg/yr cm2)

Analyses of soils in Panther Hollow’s watershed show that they do not contain Pb, Cu, As, or V levels as concentrated as those in the lake sediments.

Sample#

Description Pbppm

Cuppm

As ppm

Vppm

-- bedrock 5.26 1.94 *belowdetection

7.29

1 rocky delta 22.79 4.02 *belowdetection

7.24

2 side channel 23.93 6.84 2.44 6.733 side channel

upstream84.69 17.36 2.85 8.82

4 O horizon 122.21 20.29 1.81 10.105 A horizon 68.35 16.52 0.22 8.336 surface soil 17.65 7.26 1.70 7.777 surface soil 88.69 13.09 2.96 9.788 surface soil 51.04 5.16 *below

detection6.72

9 sedimentfrom input

delta

305.94 40.22 3.37 17.62