Introduction into pharmacy practice

Modern approaches to pharmacy practice

You are welcome at the Organization and economics of pharmacy department!

You are welcome at the Organization and economics of pharmacy department!

Hope our communication will be pleasant and useful for both and you'll learn a lot of important information for the pharmacists from our course!

We would be happy to do all the best to help you in this process! Let's start.....

Under the head of the OEPh department

Nemchenko Alla Semenovna

PhD (candidate of science in economics),

Doctor of Pharmacy,

Honored Scientist of Ukraine,

Professor

Head of the OEPh department

The subject based on the methodical work of the Organization and economics department

Research and teaching staff of the department are: 2 - professors, 10 – associate professors, 4 – professor’s assistant

We’ll work together!

Zhirova Irina Vasilievna

Education - higher: pharmacy, English, psychology;

Post - associate professor, candidate of pharmaceutical sciences (Ph.D.)

Experience of teaching– 18 years

The organization and economics of pharmacy

The organization of pharmacy

Accounting in pharmacy

Financial analyses

http://pharmel.kharkiv.edu

www.economica.nuph.edu.ua

PLAN:

Introduction into pharmacy practice

Modern approaches to pharmacy practice

New paradigm for pharmacy practice

The good health of its people is one of a nation’s greatest assets. The way a country cares for and builds up these assets gives a fair indication of how good social structure of that country is and what its advantages and achievements are.

What is pharmacist?

Pharmacy is the profession concerned with the preparation, distribution, and use of drugs. Members of this profession are called pharmacists or druggists. They were once called apothecaries. The word pharmacy also refers to a place where drugs are prepared or sold. Most pharmacies, sometimes called drugstores and chemists shops, sell a variety of products in addition to drugs.

The mission of pharmacy practice

The mission of pharmacy practice is to provide medications and other health care products and services and to help people and society to make the best use of them.

In the last quarter century, pharmacy has expanded its role within healthcare from a profession focusing on preparation and dispensing of medications to patients to one in which pharmacists provide a range of patient-oriented services to maximize the medicine's effectiveness.

The basic international event influence on pharmacy practice

The year The event

1975 the World Health Assembly in resolution WHA28.66 requested WHO to develop means to assist Member States

in formulating national drug policies

1977 The first WHO Model List of Essential Drugs was published

1979 the WHO Action Programme on Essential Drugs was established

1985 World Health Assembly adopted resolutions that reflected the Conference recommendations on promoting

rational use

1986 WHO Expert Committee on National Drug published as Guidelines for developing national drug policies

1988 The first WHO Consultative Groups on the Role of the Pharmacist met in New Delhi

1990 Hepler and Strand defined a new way to look at the responsibilities of the pharmacist and pharmacy services,

applying the term "pharmaceutical care"

1993 The International Pharmaceutical Federation first adopted the guidelines for Good Pharmaceutical Practice

1993 The second WHO Consultative Groups on the Role of the Pharmacist met in Tokyo

1995 The Expert Committee on National Drug Policies deliberations resulted in a report that became the basis of the

NDP

1997 The third WHO consultative groups on the role of the pharmacist met in Vancouver

1997 Pharmaceutical care defined as practice

1998 FIP published a Statement of Professional Standards on Medication Errors Associated with Prescribed

Medication

1998 The fourth WHO consultative groups on the role of the pharmacist met in The Hague

1998 “GPP in Developing Countries – Guidelines for Implementation”, was endorsed by the FIP CPS Executive

Committee

2000 The concept of the “seven-star pharmacist” was introduced by WHO and taken up by FIP

The Pharmacist competences (according to WHO report on “The role of the Pharmacist in the

health care system”)

- In health promotion and social responsibilities;

- In the direction and administrative of pharmaceutical services;

- In drug regulation and control;

- In the formulation and quality control of pharmaceutical products;

- In the inspection and assessment of drug manufacturing facilities;

- In the assurance of product quality through the distribution chain;

- In drug procurement agencies;

- In National and institutional formulary and therapeutics committees.

New paradigm for pharmacy practice

In the 1950s, pharmacists' responsibilities centered on dispensing and compounding drugs, and they rarely communicated with patients about their medications or disease processes.

Today, the pharmacist's role in many practice settings has expanded to include not only dispensing functions, but also direct contact with patients and other providers.

Differences in approaches to pharmaceutical activity at different ages

Evolution of Pharmacy Education in US

1820s part-time program

1870s full-time 2 year program

1920s full-time 3 year program

1920s full-time 4 year B.S.program

1950s full-time 4-6 year Pharm.D.

...

2004 Entry Level Pharm.D. program (ACPE)

Pharmaceutical care with provision of both patient-centered care and population-centered care

Systems management of resources (human, medical, informational and technological) and medication use systems

Public health assuring effective and quality health and prevention services and developing public health policy

Pharmaceutical education outcomes

General Pharmacy Degree Program Characteristics of Middle East Countries

Functions of the seven-star pharmacist Caregiver

Decision-maker

Communicator

Manager Life-long-

learner

Teacher

Leader

Pharmacy Practice

Traditional practice:

Preparing the drug product

Providing the drug produce

Providing drug information

Pharmacy Practice

Contemporary (Rational drug use):

Participating in process of drug use decision

Selecting the drug product dosage form

Selecting drug product source of supply

Determining the dose and dosage schedule

Monitoring patient compliance

Detecting adverse drug reaction and drug interaction

(AACP Commission Report)

Scopes of Pharmacy Patient-oriented pharmacist considers:

Knowledge of drugs

Communication Drug Info. Skill

Skill

CARING

Pharmacy Practice What is the mission of our practice?

Dispensing

Pharmaceutical Care

Rational Use of Drugs

The future of the pharmacy practice

PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT

The principal goal of pharmaceutical care is to achieve positive outcomes from the use of medication which improves patients' quality of life with minimum risk. Pharmacists strive to

Cure disease;

Eliminate or reduce symptoms;

Arrest or slow a disease process;

Prevent disease; Diagnose disease; and

Alter physiological processes for desirable result in the patient's health.

Pharmacists

Expert on drugs

Responsible for dispensing/compounding of medicines

Control of drug’s use

Basic aspects of pharmaceutical providing

■ Medicines are a vital component of the health care system

■ Ensured access to essential medicines is part of the fulfillment of the right to health

■ Medicines are the second largest expenditure in the public health budget in developing countries, and a very high proportion of household spending

Pharmacists provide professional services in response to needs and priorities

with a focus on

populations

with a focus on

individual patients

national level - Pharmaceutical Public health

National drug policy, essential medicine

lists

guidelines and treatment protocol, medicine use review

and evaluation

local level - Pharmaceutical care

assures safe and rational drug usage

The approaches of pharmaceutical public health and pharmaceutical care

Pharmaceutical public health has been

defined as:

Pharmaceutical care is delivered

at the individual patient level

• “The application of pharmaceutical knowledge, skills and resources to the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting, protecting and improving health for all through the organised efforts of society.” (Walker R, 2000).

• “The care that a given patient requires and receives which assures safe and rational drug usage.” (Mikeal et al., 1975).

Management levels • Practically all the government guarantees the receiving

of the pharmaceutical aids for the population. The principles of health are reflected in the Medical Care Law and the Constitution of the state and others. The uniting of medical and pharmaceutical aids definite as a correlation between doctors and pharmacists (9,5-10:1).

• The principle of the chemists’ development and location are usually described in the special documents.

• The state requirements to the drugs manufacture and distribution usually based on international norms and conventions.

• Price policy of the state

Macroeconomics

• Microeconomics investigates the tasks belong to the concrete enterprise, for example, chemists’, pharmaceutical factory, laboratory.

Microeconomics

Government management of the pharmaceutical industry S

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Higher level Constitution Of Ukraine

I level Law of Ukraine «About licensing of definite types of economic

activity»

II level

Decisions Of Cabinet Of Ministers Of Ukraine

III level

Orders of state Committee of Ukraine on the questions of

regulator policy and enterprise Orders of WHO

Orders of national Inspection of the medicine quality control

IV level

Sanitary norms and rules of pharmacy establishments,

Instructions and etc.

Normative acts of pharmaceutical activity licensing

Ending Changes creates

opportunities…..

as well as problems….

Thinking Globally…. Acting Locally