Introduction - gtk.uni-miskolc.hugtk.uni-miskolc.hu/files/11055/S1_introduction,+basic+term.pdf · Qualitative vs. Quantitative (discrete / continuous) variables? a. Lifetime of neon

• Faculty of Economics• Gazdaságelméleti és Módszertani Intézet

Introduction

Petra Petrovics

Statistics – 1st seminar


Basic Definitions I1. Define a statistical population and enumerate

variables in relation with the population!

2. The data below are about Hungarian limitedliability companies (which are legal entities) in theconstructive industy in Sept 2009

Type of VariablesVariables

Common Differential

Legal entity

Territorial

Amount of turnover

Sept 2009

(Book p161 E1)

(Book p161 E2)

Qualitative

Quantitative

Temporal

Hungary

Min.500th HUF initialcapital

Type of the company

Seat

Date of establishment


Basic Definitions II

3. Statistical population: Companies limited by shares on10th Sept 2010.

Type of VariablesVariables

Common Differential

(Book p161 E3)


What kind of Statistical Variable is…

a. the turnover of a company?

b. the seat of companies (quoted)?

c. the distribution of students according to gender?

d. the time period of the Statistics seminar?

e. the nationality of employees?

f. the points reached in the Statistics exam?

g. the date of birth of a secretary?

(Book p162 E5)

Quantitative

Territorial

Qualitative

Quant

Qualitative

Quant

Temporal


What kind of Statistical Populationis…

a. the towns in Hungary on 1st Jan 2009?

b. the life-birth in Hungary in 2009?

c. the tourists arrived in Hungary in 2009?

d. the Hungarian population at the 2008 census?

e. registered cars in Nyíregyháza on 31st Dec 2009?

f. the Hungarian production of bauxite on 20th Jan2009?

g. the computers sold by Microsoft in 2007?

h. the employees of a company in 2009?

i. unemployment in Hungary on 1st Jan 2009?

(Book p162 E6)

D

C

C

D

D

D

CC

D


Define Statistical Population types & completethem with a point of date or time period!

a. Universities in Hungary:

b. Turnover of OMO in Metro stores:

c. Deaths in Budapest:

d. The tourists arrived in Hungary:

e. Hungarian population:

f. Number of cars in Zalaegerszeg:

g. Number of semi-prepared products in TAURUSfactory:

(Book p163 E9)

1st Jan 2010; D

2009; C

2009; C

2009; C

1st Jan 2010 D

1st Jan 2010; Data!!!

1st Jan 2010; Data!!!


Qualitative vs. Quantitative(discrete / continuous) variables?

a. Lifetime of neon lightsb. The number of cars which pass the MOT in Sept

2007c. Weight of newborn babiesd. Postal charges of packagese. Types of lorries at a multinational companyf. Weight of flour bagsg. Distribution of employment according to profession

at the University of Miskolch. Number of faulty productsi. Foreign languages which students learn at the UM

(Book p164 E10)

Quantitative;C

Quantittive;D

Quantitative;C

Quantitative;D

QualitativeQuantitative;C

QualitativeQuantitative;D

Qualitative


Statistical Rows & Columns

Classes

Frequencies


Data Set

1. Mass of numerical data – discrete valuesE.g: 11.8, 3.6, 16.6, 13.5, 3.6, 8.3, 8.9, 9.1, 7.7, 2.3, 12.1, 6.1, 10.2, 8.0, 11.4,6.8, 9.6, 19.5, 15.3, 12.3, 8.5, 15.9, 18.7, 11.7, 6.2, 11.2, 10.4, 7.2, 5.5, 14.5

2. Frequency distribution: method of organising &presenting data

– Score value– Interval of score values: classes

Statistical tablerecords thenumber ofobservationsin each class


Class Limits ClassWidth

Frequency

2-5 3 3

5-8 3 6

8-11 3 8

11-14 3 7

14-17 3 4

17-20 3 2

Total 30

Class Limits Frequency

2.3 1

3.6 2

… …

19.5 1

Total 30

Class Intervals

Approximate class width:

Frequency tablewith score

values

36

220

cases of number

value smallest-value largest

Number of class intervals: 2k > N


Classifying

Comparative

Descriptive

Statistical rows

• The main and partialpopulation

• ∑ • Same measures

• Generally: cannot add data

• Same types of data

• Different types and measures of data

Qualitative, Quantitative, Temporal, Geographical

Types of Statistical Rows


Descriptive Rows

Name Data

Territory (Thousand qkm) 93,0

Population (Million people) 10,04

GDP (Billion Euro) 105,8

CPI (%) 106,1


Comparative RowsYear Hungarian Population

(Thousand person)

1960 9 961

1970 10 322

1980 10 709

1990 10 709

Year Number of marriage

2002 46 008

2003 46 398

2004 43 791

2005 44 234

Temporal: Time series- Point of date -

• Discrete population

• summarize

Temporal: Time series- Period -

• Continuouspopulation

• We can summarize


Comparative Rows

Country ∆GDP (%) 2001-2005

Hungary 4.2

Romania 5.7

Slovakia 4.6

Slovenia 3.4

Qualitative

Geographical

Year Expected lifetime (year)

Men 68,6

Women 76,9

Hungary, 2005

Source: Statistical Yearbook 2005


Types of Statistical Tables

Descriptive / Comparative Row

De

scriptive

/ C

om

parative

Ro

w

Descriptive / Comparative Row

Classifyin

gR

ow

Classifying RowC

lassifying

Ro

wSimple Table

ClassifyingTable

CombinedTable


Statistical Table

• Statistical table: set of data arranged inrows and columns;

• It is important to have: title & source &measurements

• Signs: if we do not know the data: …

if there is not any data: 0

• Number of class intervals: 2k > N


Name Data

Territory (thousand qkm) 93,0

Population (million people) 10,04

GDP (billion euro) 105,8

CPI (%) 106,1

Data about Hungary (2008)

Source: HCSO (KSH)

1 dimension

title measurements

source


Territory price index in Hungary (2008)

Territory price indexEmployed people Unemployed people

(Thousand people)

Central Hungary 1245,5 80,5

Central Transdanubia 441,5 40,5

Western Transdanubia 408,2 36,5

Southern Transdanubia 337,4 42,3

Northern Hungary 397,6 69,9

Northern Great Plain 492,1 78,7

Southern Great Plain 474,8 53,3

Total 3797,1 401,7Source: HCSO (KSH)

2 dimensions


Analyze the following Statistical Tables:(Book p165 E13)

QualificationGender

Men Women

A 2 3B 4 4C 3 1

Total 9 8

Money spent on

entertainment (HUF)

Economics Law Engineering Total

Male F M F M F M F

0 - 5 000 20 12 10 10 30 4 60 26

5 001 – 10 000 23 8 12 20 23 10 58 38

10 001 – 20 000 2 30 20 4 3 2 25 36

Total 45 50 42 34 56 16 143 100

b) Crosstabulation about the university students

a) Number of workers in Rock-Well Club (2009)


YearsPopulation

X County Y County

1991 1000 1200

1992 1100 1300

1993 1100 1500

1994 1200 1550

1995 1240 1700

c) Population in ‘Somewhere’ Country (th p)


Create a statistical table!

The data about a Hungarian-Italian football match are thefollowing: 20 000 people saw the match. 80% of them wereHungarian supporters. 3 000 people of the Hungariansupporters could see the game free, 1% of them were VIPguests, the rest bought general tickets. 50 Italian supportershad VIP tickets, the rest had to pay.

(Book p167 E17)

Type of

tickets

Hungarian supporter Italian supporter Total

people % people % people %

Free 3 000 18.75 0 0 3 000 15

General 12 840 80.25 3 950 98.75 16 790 83.95

VIP 160 1 50 1.25 210 1.05

Total 16 000 80 4000 20 20 000 100


Waterconsumption

(m3)

Numberof

housesf’ g g’ S S’ Z Z’

1 10

2,5 38

3 32

4 28

5 12

Total 120

Quantitative Rows I

Book p187 E67


Amount of sales in a

hypermarket(th HUF)

Numberof buyers

f’ g g’ S S’ Z Z’

-5 10

5-10 35

10-15 25

15-20 15

20- 15

Total

Quantitative Rows II

Book p188 E69


Pension(HUF) f f’ g g’

-10 999 5 143

11 000-14 999 118 766

15 000-19 999 540 537

20 000-39 999

40 000- 69 854

Total 1 643 552

Quantitative Rows III

Book p188 E68


Thank You for Your [email protected]

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Introduction - gtk.uni-miskolc.hugtk.uni-miskolc.hu/files/11055/S1_introduction,+basic+term.pdf · Qualitative vs. Quantitative (discrete / continuous) variables? a. Lifetime of neon