Introduction (Fi.1)

8/2/2019 Introduction (Fi.1)

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Introduction to DentalAnatomy

Dental Anatomy

Dr. Firas Alsoleihat, BDS, PhDDepartment of Conservative

Dentistry


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Introduction

Human dentition is diphyodont 2 sets of dentitions

Primary/deciduous 20 teeth in total

Incisors/canines/molars

Smaller size

Secondary/permanent 32 teeth in total Incisors/canines/premolars/molars

Bigger size


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Deciduous & permanent dentitions

Why dowe haveto have 2sets of

teeth?


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Why 2 sets of dentitions?

The jaws have to

accommodate the increasednumber of permanent teethand their bigger size


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Dental formula

I for incisors

C for Canines

PM for premolars

M for molars

Deciduous teeth are indicatedby the letter D before the initial


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Human dental formula

Deciduous teethDI 2/2 DC 1/1 DM 2/2 = 10

Permanent teethI 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3 = 16

The numbers following the letter refer to the numberof teeth of each type in the upper then the lowerdentition for one side only


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Quadrants

Tooth-bearing region of the jaw can bedivided into 4 quadrants Right maxillary (1 or 5) Left maxillary (2 or 6) Left mandibular (3 or 7) Right mandibular (4 or 8)

Quadrants in permanent dentition have the numbers 1 -4 and in deciduous have the numbers 5 - 8


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Quadrants

1 or 5 2 or 6

4 or 8 3 or 7


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Teeth order

Each tooth in a quadrant takes a letter (A E for deciduous) or a number (1 8 for

permanent) indicating its order whencounting from the midline

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

E D C B A

E D C B A A B C D E

A B C D E


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Dental nomenclature By words

Set Deciduous or permanent

Jaw Maxillary or mandibular

Class Incisor/canine/premolar/molar

Order within a class Central or lateral First/second/third

Side Right or left

By numbers, letters and/or symbols Palmer notation system Universal numbering system FDI numbering system


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Palmer/Zsigmondy notation system

American Dental Association in 1947 Tooth is represented by a number 1 8 (permanent) or

a letter A E (deciduous)

Two lines; indicates which quadrant the tooth belongs to a horizontal representing the occlusal plane and a vertical representing the midline

Examples: Maxillary right central incisor

Mandibular left second deciduous molar

1

E

E D C B A

E D C B A A B C D E

A B C D E 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


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Universal numbering system

Palmer difficulty in keyboard typing

ADA adopted the universal system in 1968

Uppercase letters for deciduous teeth

Consecutive from A to T

Following a clockwise order from maxillary right second molar tomandibular right second molar

Numbers for permanent teeth

Consecutive from 1 to 32

Following a clockwise order from maxillary right third molar tomandibular right third molar

A B C D E

T S R Q P O N M L K

F G H I J 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16


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FDI numbering system

Proposed by FDI & adopted by WHO

Each tooth is allocated a two-digit number; the

left designates the quadrant and the rightdesignates the tooth order

Examples

Mandibular right permanent canine 43

Maxillary left deciduous lateral incisor 62

55 54 53 52 51

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75

61 62 63 64 65 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38


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Types of dentitions:

Diphyodont. Most mammals--humansincluded--typically develope and erupt into

their jaws two generations of teeth. Theterm literally means "two generations ofteeth."

Monophyodont. Some mammals--such asthe manatee, seals, and walruses haveonly a single generation of teeth.


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Polyphyodont. Most reptiles and fishesdevelope a lifetime of generations of

successional teeth--Such teeth have abrief functional life and are anatomicallysimple in design.

Homodont. In many vertebrates, all of theteeth in the jaw are alike. They differ fromeach other only in size. The alligator is an

example of homodontism.


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Heterodont. Most mammals, humansincluded, develope distinctive classes of

teeth that are regionally specialized. Wewill discuss classes of teeth in the nextunit.

Anodontia is the developmental absenceof teeth. Among mammals, the whalebonewhale and the anteater are toothless; theirancestors had teeth. In humans,anodontia is a pathological condition.Partial anodontia is one or a few teethmissing.

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Introduction (Fi.1)