A = amp(s) (ex: a15A breaker)ABS = acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneplastic pipeACH = Air Changes per HourACI = American Concrete InstituteAHJ = Authority Having JurisdictionAMI = in accordance with manufac-turer’s instructionsASTM = American Society for Testing &MaterialsAWG = American Wire GaugeB (vent) = gas appliance vent - usually double-wallBO = Building OfficialBtu = British thermal unitCATV = Cable Televisioncfm = cubic feet per minuteCPVC = chlorinated polyvinyl chlorideplastic pipeCSST = corrugated stainless steel tubingcu. = cubic (ex: 24cu.ft)Cu = copperCWV = combination waste & ventDFU = drainage fixture unit(s)DW = dishwasherDWV = drain, waste & vente.g. = for example (exempli gratia)EGC = equipment grounding conductorEMT = electrical metallic tubingex: = exampleFLR = flood level rimFMC =flexible metal conduit ft (after number) = foot, feet-ex: 5ftFVIR = flammable-vapor ignition-resistantgalv = galvanizedGEC = grounding electrode conductorGPM = gallons per minute hp = horse power IMC = intermediate metal conduit

INTRODUCTION u CODES u ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIOnS

ICF = insulating concrete formsin (after number) = inch(es)(ex: 24in)IS = IAPMO Installation Standardkw = kilowattL&L = listed & labeledlav = lavatory (bathroom sink)LFMC = liquidtight flexible metal conduit(“sealtight”)LFnC = liquidtight flexible nonmetallicconduitmanu = manufacturermax = maximummin = minimummph = miles per hourn/a = not applicablenM = nonmetallic sheathed cableO.C. = on centerPEX = cross-linked polyethylene plasticpipe (water pipe)PL = property linepsf = pounds per square footpsi = pounds per square inchpsig = pounds per square inch gaugePT = Preservative-treated (wood)PVC = polyvinyl chloride plastic water pipe or electrical conduitrecep = receptacle outlet (electrical)RMC = rigid metal conduitSDC = Seismic Design CategorySDC D = SDC D 0, D1, & D2

SE = service entrancesq. = square (ex: 24sq.in)UL = Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.W = electrical conductors rated for wetlocationw/ = withw/o = withoutWC = water closetWH = water heaterWSFU = water supply fixture unit(s)

TABLE 1 CODES REFEREnCED In CODE CHECk

Organization Code

ICC 2006 & 2009 IRC International Residential Code

IAPMO 2009 UPC Uniform Plumbing Code

IAPMO 2009 UMC Uniform Mechanical Code

NFPA 2008 NEC National Electrical Code

The code changes referenced on the inside back cover compare the codes in this table to the 2006 IRC, UPC, UMC & 2005 NEC

Benjamin Franklin - our inspiration

Code 3Check® Sixth Edition

By DOUGLAS HAnSEn & REDWOOD kARDOnIllustrations & layout by Paddy Morrissey

© 2009 by The Taunton Press, Inc. ISBN XX X-XXXXX-XXX-X ISBN 13 XXX-X-XXXXX-XXX-XCode Check® is a trademark of The Taunton Press, Inc., registered in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office.

Code Check is a field inspection guide to important code requirements and common code violations in the construction of single-family and two-family dwellings. The primary reference document for this book is the 2009 edition of the International Residential Code® for One- and Two-Family Dwellings, published by the International Code Council.

Codes are adopted at different times in different places around the country. New editions come out every three years, and some states make extensive modifications to the model codes prior to adoption. Because the actual code that is used in a particular area could vary, we include references to the two most commonly used codes for every item in the book. Significant code changes are high-lighted in the text and summarized on the inside back cover. If you are in an area that uses an older code, these highlighted changes and the summary help determine the applicable code rules. For users in areas where the 2006 IRC is still in effect, the “building” section of the book cites both the 2006 and 2009 references. To determine the particular codes in effect in your area, contact your local building department and check our web site at www.codecheck.com.

For updates to this book, and other valuable news, articles, and information, visit www.codecheck.com.

MODEL CODE ORGAnIzATIOnS ICC = The International Code Council IAPMO = International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials NFPA = National Fire Protection Association

For web links, visit www.CodeCheck.com

TABLE 2 SPECIAL InSPECTIOn REPORTS

S.I. reports due before final inspection Required Received

Concrete >2,500 psi

Pilings, drilled piers & caissons

Reinforced concrete / masonry

Insulating concrete form walls

Post-tensioned concrete

High-strength bolting

Structural welding/steel moment frames

Air infiltration

Energy compliance

Special case:

The IRC is a prescriptive guide to residential construction. Construction beyond the scope of the IRC typically requires a design professional in a particular field. The IRC contains extensive detail on methods for steel framing, insulating-concrete forms (ICF), log construction, and structural insulated panels (SIPS), as well as details on conventional building techniques. We encourage readers to use our book as a guide to locating material within the IRC, rather than as a substitute for it.

When special techniques are required for aspects of a construction project, the building official may require special inspections from an approved agency, which is often an engineering firm.

BUILDING LOCATION u DRAINAGE u FOUNDATION u REBAR 2

TABLE 3 REInFORCInG STEEL COVER [404.1.2.3.7.4]

Foundation Surface Min. Cover≤ #5 bars

Min. Cover≥ #6 bars

Concrete cast against & permanently exposed to earth

3 in. 3 in.

Concrete exposed to earth or weather 11/2 in. 2 in.

Not exposed to weather, ex: top of indoor slab 3/4 in. 3/4 in. up to #11 bars

Downspout

Drain adapter

6-mil plastic on house side(recommended)

Non-perforated pipe, sloped downhill & separate from foundation drain pipe

Filter fabricRigid perforated drain pipe

45˚Holes go

down.

FIG. 3

Foundation & Storm Drainage

Rebar 06 IRC 09 IRCn SDC D footings req reinforcement min 3in from bottom [403.1.3] {403.1.3}n SDC D #4 vertical bar 4ft O.C. req’d if construction joint between footing & stem wall or between footing & grouted CMU wall ___ [403.1.3] {403.1.3}n SDC D #4 horizontal bar req’d top of stem wall & 3in to 4in from bottom of footing F4 ______________________[403.1.3.1] {403.1.3.1}n Clearance to forms & soil T3 ___________________________[n/a)] {404.1.2.3.7.4}4

n Lap splices min 20in #4bar, 25in #5 bar, 30in #6 bar F4 [n/a)] {404.1.2.3.7.5}5

n Max gap between parallel bars 6in & 1/5 splice lap length _ [n/a] {404.1.2.3.7.5}6

Plates & Sills 06 IRC 09 IRCn Masonry veneer ledge 4in above earth, wood sill 6in min [404.1.6] {404.1.6}n Sill PT or decay resistant if ≤8in above exposed ground __[319.1] {317.1}n PT wood fasteners req hot dipped galv, stainless steel, silicone bronze, or Cu [except bolts ≥ 1/2in diameter] ____[319.3] {317.3.1}

Anchor Boltsn Req’d for wood sills & for monolithic slab sole plates EXC [403.1.6] {403.1.6} •Otheranchoringmethodsequivalentto6ftO.C.bolts _[403.1.6X1] {403.1.6X1}n Req’d for interior braced walls of monolithic slab __________ [n/a] {403.1.6}n Bolts must be in concrete or grouted cell of CMUs ________ [n/a] {403.1.6}7

n Max spacing 6ft O.C. _____________________________ [403.1.6] {403.1.6}n Min 2 bolts per plate section, min 7in embedment _____ [403.1.6] {403.1.6}n Max 12in & min 7 bolt diameter from end of sill F4 _____ [403.1.6] {403.1.6}n SDC D & light-frame townhouses in SDC C:n Max spacing 4ft O.C. for >2 story ________________ [403.1.6.1] {403.1.6.1}n Plate washers req’d at braced wall lines ___________ [403.1.6.1] {403.1.6.1}

Anchor Bolts& Hold-Downs

Hold-downs help secure the structure from seismic &wind forces.

Hold-down

Anchor bolt

Anchor bolt must be within 12 in. of end of sill plate

Some hold-downs must be through-bolted to posts.

Choose hold-down bolt size & depth from catalog to meet req’d uplift force

FIG. 4

Bolt holder& form

BUILDING FOOTING u BUILDING SLABS u CMU u FLOOR FRAMING 4

FLOOR FRAMING

Girders 06 & 09 IRCn Girder end joints must be over supports or on hangers _____________ [502.6]n Min bearing 11/2 in on wood, 3in on concrete ____________________ [502.6]n Post & beam joints req positive connection _______________________ [502.9]n Max horizontal offset under perpendicular bearing walls = depth of joist F6 ______________________________________ [502.4]n Notching & boring sawn lumber F7 ___________________________ [502.8.1]n Notching & boring engineered lumber AMI F8 __________________ [502.8.2]

Joists 06 IRC 09 IRCn Joist spans not to exceed max numbers in T5 _________ [502.3] {502.3}n Min bearing 11/2in on wood or metal, 3in on concrete _ [502.6] {502.6}n Joists into side of girder req hanger or min 2×2 ledger [502.6.2] {502.6.2}n Joist lap min 3in & 3 10d nails ___________________ [502.6.1] {502.6.1}n Double joists under parallel bearing walls ____________ [502.4] {502.4}n Prevent rotation of joists (blocking or hangers at ends) [502.7] {502.7}n Manufactured lumber lateral restraint AMI F8 ___________ [n/a] {502.7X1}11

n Blocking at intermediate supports SDC D __________[502.7X] {502.7X2}n Joists >2×12 blocked or bridged max 8ft O.C. ______[502.7.1] {502.7.1}n Notches & holes per F7 _________________________ [502.8.1] {x502.8.1}n Modification of trusses, I-joists, structural composite lumber, or glue lams only AMI or per design professional F8 _ [502.8.2] {502.8.2}

FIG. 7

Notch at end 1 ⁄4of depth max.

No notching in middle 1 ⁄3,holes OK

Outer 1 ⁄3

Holes min. 2in. from top, bottom, or other holes, max size 1 ⁄3 depth.

Notch max. 1 ⁄6 depth

No notching at bottom if ≥ 4 in. thick, except at ends

notching & Boring

Min. 13⁄4 in. end bearing (or AMI)

FIG. 8

Bearing walls should not offset more than 1 joist depth from the supporting girder or wall below the floor.

FIG. 6Bearing Wall Suppport

Joist depth Max.distance

Min. 1⁄16 in. gap

Squash blocks

Manufactured I-joists

Hole sizes and distances to bearing points AMI

TABLE 5 JOIST SPAn, nOTCHInG & BORInG [T502.3.1(2)] & [502.8.1]

Floor Joist Spans—40lb. Live Load Notching Boring

SizeA 12 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. 24 in.o.c. End Outer 1/32 in. to edge

DF 2x6 10 ft. 9 in. 9 ft. 9 in. 8 ft. 1 in. 13/8 in. 7/8 in. 11/2 in.

SP 2x6 10 ft. 9 in. 9 ft. 9 in. 8 ft. 6 in.

DF 2x8 14 ft. 2 in. 12 ft. 7 in. 10 ft. 3 in.17/8 in. 11/2 in. 23/8 in.

SP 2x8 14 ft. 2 in. 12 ft. 10 in. 11 ft. 0 in.

DF 2x10 17 ft. 9 in. 15 ft. 5 in. 12 ft. 7 in.23/8 in. 11/2 in. 31/8 in.

SP 2x10 18 ft. 0 in. 16 ft. 1 in. 13 ft. 1 in.

DF 2x12 20 ft. 7 in. 17 ft. 10 in. 14 ft. 7 in.27/8 in. 17/8 in. 31/2 in.

SP 2x12 21 ft. 9 in. 18 ft. 10 in. 15 ft. 5 in.A. “DF” = Douglas Fir-Larch #2, “SP” = Southern Pine #2,

PLUMBING 13

AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINkLER SySTEMS45

General 09 IRCn IRC 2904 considered equivalent to NFPA 13D _________________ [2904.1]n Stand-alone system = independent from potable water __________ [2904.1]n Multipurpose system = shared w/ potable water system __________ [2904.1]

Required Occupanciesn Req’d in townhouses EXC ____________________________________[313.1] •Additionstoexistingtownhousesw/osprinklersystems _________ [313.1X]n Req’d in 1- & 2-family dwellings effective January 1, 2011 EXC ______[313.2] •Additionstoexistingdwellingsw/osprinklersystems ___________ [313.2X]

Protected Areas n Protect all areas of dwelling unit EXC ________________________ [2904.1.1] •Attics,crawlspacesw/ofuel-firedappliances ______________ [2904.1.1X1] •Gypboard-surfacedclosets≤24sq. ft w/ smallest dimension ≤3ft [2904.1.1X2] •Bathrooms≤55sq.ft ___________________________________ [2904.1.1X3] •Garages,carports,exteriorporches,unheatedentryareas,etc. [2904.1.1X4]n Req’d in attic or crawl directly over fuel-fired equipment ______ [2904.1.1X1]

Sprinkler Headsn Basic coverage area AMI & not >400sq.ft __________________ [2904.2.4.1]n Install additional sprinklers when obstructed: ________________ [2904.2.4.2] •Ceiling(pendant)sprinklers≤3ft of ceiling paddle fan _______[2904.2.4.2.1] •Sidewallsprinklerswithin5ftofceilingpaddlefan __________[2904.2.4.2.2]n Basic temperature rating ≥135°F & ≤170°F ___________________ [2904.2.1]n Intermediate temperature sprinklers (175°F - 225°F) req’d in attics, under skylights, in concealed spaces beneath roof, and per T13 __ [2904.2.2]

Sprinkler Piping System 09 IRCn Support per T16 ___________________________________________ [2904.3]n PEX & CPVC req listing as sprinkler pipe _____________________ [2904.3.1]n Nometallic pipe protected behind15-min finish in living areas ___ [2904.3.1.1]n No shutoff valves after main F22 ____________________________ [2904.3.2]n Provide means to drain down system F22 ____________________ [2904.3.4]

Flow Ratesn Determine rate for each sprinkler based on manufacturer’s data __ [2904.4.1]n Rate for room w/ 1 sprinkler = rate for that sprinkler ____________ [2904.4.2]n Rate for room w/ 2 sprinklers = 2× highest rated sprinkler _______ [2904.4.2]n System design flow rate based on room w/ largest flow rate _____ [2904.4.2]n Flow rate for non-smooth ceilings AMI ________________________ [2904.4.2]n Water supply calculation based upon available pressure, pipe size loss, meter loss, elevation change, & length __________ [2904.5&6]

Signage & Inspectionsn Owner’s manual to be provided to the owner ___________________ [2904.7]n Sign at main shutoff F23 ___________________________________ [2904.7]n Pre-concealment inspection req’d ___________________________ [2904.8.1]n Final sprinkler inspection req’d ______________________________ [2904.8.2]

TABLE 13MIn. DISTAnCES BETWEEn HEAT SOURCES AnD

SPRInkLER HEADS [T2904.2.2]

Type of Heat Source

Distance to Ordinary

Temperature Sprinklers

Distance to Intermediate Temperature

Sprinklers

Side of open or recessed fireplace 36 in. 12 in.

Front of recessed fireplace 60 in. 36 in.

Coal & wood burning stoves 42 in. 12 in.

Kitchen range top 18 in. 9 in.

Oven 18 in. 9 in.

Vent connector or chimney connector 18 in. 9 in.

Uninsulated heating duct 18 in. 9 in.

Uninsulated hot water pipe 12 in. 6 in.

Side of ceiling or wall warm air register 24 in. 12 in.

Front of wall mounted warm air register 36 in. 18 in.

WH, furnace, or boiler 6 in. 3 in.

Luminaire up to 250 watts 6 in. 3 in.

Luminaire >250 watts to 499 watts 12 in. 6 in.

Distances are measured in a straight line from nearest edge of heat source to nearest edge of sprinkler

Fire Sprinkler System

RequiredFire Sprinkler Warning Sign

Automatic fire sprinklers

Fire sprinkler system pressure gauge Drain & test connection

Supply pressure gauge

Main control valve

Domestic shutoff valve(manual)Waterflow detector

Water meterCity gate valve

City water main

FIG. 22

FIG. 23

PLUMBING 17

GAS PIPINGGeneral 09 IRC 09 UPCn Locate gas meter in accessible & ventilated space _____[utility] {1209.6.2A}n Main shutoff req’d outdoors at each building _____ [2420.2&3] {1211.11.3}n Material: steel (galv or black), type K or L Cu, CSST [2414.1-6] {1209.5.3.2}n Cu only OK for low sulfur-content gas ____________ [2414.5.2] {1209.5.3.2}n Plastic only OK underground __________________ [2415.15.1] {1211.1.7A}n Cu joints brazed (not soldered) ________________ [2414.10.2] {1209.5.8.2}n Size pipe per tables T17-19 ______________________[2413.3] {1217.1}n Interior of pipe or tubing must be deburred __________[2414.7] {1209.5.5}n No gas pipe in circulating or ventilating air duct ______[2415.1] {1211.2.5}n Outdoor piping min 31/2in above ground or roof _____[2415.7] {n/a}n Underslab only if run through gas-tight conduit _____[2415.12] {1211.1.6}n No unions or bushings in concealed locations _______[2415.3] {1211.3.2}n Shutoff ahead of each medium pressure regulator F34 [2420.4] {1211.11.1}n Drip legs at low points if water vapor in gas F34 _____[2419.2] {1211.8.1}

Electrical Bondingn Gas pipe not OK as grounding electrode in earth ____[2410.1] {1211.15.3}n Electrically bond above-ground metal gas pipes _____[2411.1] {1211.15.1}n Appliance EGC sufficient to bond non-CSST gas pipe [2411.1] {1211.15.1}n Bond CSST where gas service enters building ___ [2411.1.1]54 {1211.15.2}54

n CSST bonding jumper min 6AWG Cu __________ [2411.1.1]54 {1211.15.2}54

Appliance Shutoffs & Connectionsn Shutoff valve ahead of union & ≤6ft of appliance EXC [2420.5.1] {1212.5} •50ftOKifvalveatmanifold ___________________[2420.5.3]55 {Ø}n Max length connector 6ft ____________________ [2422.1.2.1]56 {1212.5}n Flex connectors completely in same room as appliance [2422.1] {1212.1}n Connector not through appliance housing EXC __ [2422.1.2.3] {n/a} •OKw/hardpipe,connectorsprotectedagainstdamage, & fireplace inserts w/ grommets AMI _________ [2422.1.2.3X]57 {n/a}n Sediment trap close as practical to appliance EXC ___[2419.4] {1212.7} •Ranges,clothesdryers,fireplaces,&gaslights _____[2419.4] {1212.7}

FIG. 34

CSSTManifold

Multi-port manifold

UnionPressureregulator

Drip

1/4 turnball valve

CSST is regulated by American National Standards Institute ANSI/IAS LC 1-1997/CSA 6.26-M97 Fuel Gas Piping Systems Using Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing (CSST). The standard requires that a contractor be certified before installing CSST.

FIG. 35

Piping Protection

Protect pipe when < 11/2 in. from

stud or joist edge(1 in. UPC)

2 in.IRC

Min. extension 11/2 in. past edge

of hole in UPC

TABLE 17 PROCEDURES FOR SIzInG GAS PIPE [2413.4.1,2] & {1211.17.1.1,2}

1. Determine Btu/cu.ft. gas from local supplier (usually 1100).

2. Divide appl Btu by Btu/cu. ft. to obtain appl demand.

3a. Longest length method: Measure developed length to most remote outlet.

4a. Longest length method: Use column from T19 for most remote fixture for all outlets

3b. Branch length method: Measure developed length to each outlet

4b. Branch length method: select column from T19 for load on piping to each outlets

5. Select row for pipe size equaling or exceeding demand each section

TABLE 18 GAS SIzInG FILL-In TABLE

Section Length Cu. ft./hr. Pipe Size

TABLE 19 GAS PIPInG [T2413.4(1)] & {T12-8}

Pipe

Length (in feet)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150

Demand Capacity (in cu.ft./hr)

1⁄2in. 172 118 95 81 72 65 60 56 52 50 44 40

3⁄4in. 360 247 199 170 151 137 126 117 110 104 92 83

1in. 678 466 374 320 284 257 237 220 207 195 173 157

11⁄4in. 1390 957 768 657 583 528 486 452 424 400 355 322

11⁄2in. 2090 1430 1150 985 873 791 728 677 635 600 532 482

MECHANICAL COMBUSTION AIR u VENTING 22

VENTING

General (Gravity Gas) 09 IRC 09 UMCn Install vents AMI (most appliances ship w/ GAMA venting tables which include limits for size, length, & offsets) _____ [2427.6.1] {802.6.1}n Induced-draft (Category I) can be “gravity vent” T21 __ [2427.1] {802.1.1}n Vent size ≥draft hood size & ≤7× draft hood size __ [2427.6.8.1] {802.6.3.1}n One 60° offset OK, others max 45° EXC ________ [2427.6.8.2] {802.6.1.1} •Systemsdesignedusingventsizingtables ______ [2427.6.8.1] {802.6.1.1X}n Provide proper support AMI ______________________[2426.6] {802.6.5}n Insulation shield to min 2in above attic insulation F57 _ [2426.4] {manu}n No solid fuel & gas in same chimney flue _________ [2427.5.6.1] {802.5.5.1}n Vents <11/2in from face of framing req steel plate protection extending 4in beyond edge of framing member ______[2426.7] {n/a}

ConnectorsConnectors short & straight as practical F57 _____ [2427.10.9] {802.10.9.1}Basic max horizontal length 18in per in of diameter [2428.3.2] {803.2.2}Single-wall connector max length 75% of vertical vent [2427.10.9] {802.10.9.2}Type B connector max length 100% of vertical vent [2427.10.9] {802.10.9.3}Max 2× diameter of vent collar or draft hood _____ [2428.2.11] {803.1.10}No single wall in attics & cold areas EXC _______[2427.10.2.2] {802.10.2.2}•Withinbuildingw/99%winterdesigntemp≥5°F [2427.10.2.2X] {802.10.2.2X}No single-wall connector through floor, ceiling or wall [2427.10.14] {802.10.14.1}Slope min 1/4in/ft toward appliance F57 _________ [2427.10.8] {802.10.8}Connect to appliance vent collar w/ screws or AMI [2427.10.7] {802.10.7}

Appliances with Common Venting 09 IRC 09 UMC2 draft-hood equipped appliances: common connector ≥largest

connector + 50% of smaller flue collar outlet size [2427.10.3.4] {802.10.3.4}Join to common connector as high as possible F57 [2427.10.3.4] {802.10.3.4}Smaller connector above larger connector when entering

vent at different levels EXC F57 ________________ [2427.10.4] {802.10.4.2}Connectors ≤45° of vertical may enter vent at same level [2427.10.4.1] {802.10.4.1}Vent for 2 natural draft appliances min size = outlet of larger appliance plus

50% of smaller, max 7× size of smaller one F57 __ [2427.6.8.1] {802.6.3.1}

If vent is closer than 8 ft. to the wall, the vent must terminate at least 2 ft. above roof edge.

Termination height, see T29

≥ 8 ft.<8 ft.

2 ft. min.Gas Appliance Vent Terminations

FIG. 58

Openings into vent at same level max. 45˚ from vertical

Smaller appliance connector enters vent above larger

connectorVenting

FIG. 57

TABLE 22 TERMInATIOn OF B & BW VEnTS [F2427.6.5] & {F 8-2}

Roof Slope Height above Roof

up to 6/12 1ft.

>6/12 to 7/12 1ft. 3in.

>7/12 to 8/12 1ft. 6in.

>8/12 to 9/12 2ft.

>9/12 to 10/12 2ft. 6in.

>10/12 to 11/12 3ft. 3in.

>11/12 to 12/12 4ft.

>12/12 to 14/12 5ft.

>14/12 to 16/12 6ft.

>16/12 to 18/12 7ft.

>18/12 to 20/12 7ft. 6in.

Forced Vents (Category IV)n All mechanical draft systems L&L & installed AMI___ [2427.3.3] {802.3.4.1}n Forced draft system must be gas tight ____________ [2427.3.3] {802.3.4.3}n No natural & forced-vent to common flue _________ [2427.3.3] {802.3.4.4}n Terminate min 4ft to side or below or 1ft above building openings, min 1ft above ground level, & 3ft above forced air inlets EXC _ [2427.8] {802.8.1&2} •Terminationcanbesameasdirectvent(p.23) if AMI [2427.8] {802.8.1&2}n Collect & dispose of condensate from vent (p.23) ____ [2427.9] {802.9}

Gas Vent Entering Masonry Chimneyn Enter chimney min 12in from bottom (above bottom UMC} [2425.9] {Ø}n Must be lined w/ clay or metal EXC _____________ [2427.5.5.1] {802.5.4.2} •Notreq’dwhenreplacingapplianceofsimilartype& rating & if chimney inspected for damage ________ [2427.5.5.1] {802.5.4.2}n Cross-sectional area not >7× size of gas vent _____ [2427.5.4] {802.5.3}Direct Vent Termination:

0-10K Btu/hr min 6in clearance to building openings _ [2427.8] {802.8.3}10K-50K Btu/hr min 9in__________________________ [2427.8] {802.8.3}>50K Btu/hr min 12in ___________________________ [2427.8] {802.8.3}12in clearance to finished ground level _____________ [2427.8] {802.8.3}

TABLE 21 APPLIAnCE VEnTInG CATEGORIES

Category Condensation Static Pressure Typical vent

I No Negative B Vent

II Yes Negative per Manu

III No Positive Stainless

IV Yes Positive Plastic

Single Wall Vent 09 IRC 09 UMCNot allowed in dwellings ____________________________ [n/a] {802.7.4.1}65

Only for runs from appliance space directly to outside [2427.7.4] {802.7.4.2}May not originate in attic or pass through inside wall _[2427.7.6] {802.7.4.3}Min 6in clear to combustible for single wall pipe ____[2427.7.8] {802.7.4.}

B Vent Termination n Must extend above roof ________________________ [2427.6.3] {802.6.2}n Type B or L termination min 5ft height from flue collar [2427.6.4] {802.6.2.1}n Min 2ft above vertical surface within 8ft F58 ______ [2427.6.4] {802.6.2}n Min 1ft above roof T22 ________________________ [2427.6.3] {802.6.2}n Per table for roofs steeper than 6:12 T22 _________ [2427.6.3] {802.6.2}

Smaller appliance connector as high as possible per available headroom before offsetting horizontally

MECHANICAL 23

APPLIANCES

Heat Pump Outdoor Units & AC Condensers 09 IRC 09 UMCEvaporator downstream from furnace heat exchanger _[1411.2] {904.8B}Outdoor condenser on raised level base ____________[1401.4] {manu}Secure in place (seismic restraint) _________________[1401.4] {303.4}Electrical disconnect req’d within sight F70 _________[4101.5] {NEC}Working space on control side min 30×30in ________[1305.1] {304.0}

Condensate Control (AC & Condensing Furnaces) F59Condensate drain req’d w min 1/8in/ft slope [2427.9 & 1411.3]66 {309.1}Cat. IV furnace condensate same rules as AC _______[1411.4] {309.1}Condensate may not drain to public way ____________[1411.3] {309.1}Downflow units req blockage detector in primary pan [1411.3.1] {904.8D}May drain to indirect receptor (lav tailpiece, tub overflow) [local] {309.1}Protect from condensate overflow w/ one of following:•Secondarydrainlinehigherthanprimarydrain ___ [1411.3.1] {309.2}•Drainpanw/drainpipeunderequipment ________ [1411.3.1] {309.2}•Drainpanw/interlockeddetector ______________ [1411.3.1] {n/a}•Waterleveldetectiondeviceinterlocktoequipment [1411.3.1] {n/a}Secondary discharge to readily observable location [1411.3.1] {309.2}Secondary drain piping min 3/4in & 1/8in/ft slope} ___ [1411.3.1] {309.1&2}

Built-in Range/CooktopVertical clearance to combustibles 30in ____________[1901.1] {916.2B}Reduced clearance OK if L&L & AMI _______________[1901.1] {916.2B}{24in vertical clearance OK w/ sheet metal over millboard} [n/a] {916.2B}Horizontal clearance per manu ____________________[1901.2] {916.2C}

Unvented Room Heaters (not allowed in some states)Not OK as sole heat source ______________________[2445.2] {924.1}Max 6kBtu in bath, 10kBtu in bedroom _____________[2445.4] {924.1.1X}Min combustion air 50cu.ft/1kBtu (see p.22) ________[2445.5] {924.1}Oxygen depletion safety system req’d ______________[2445.6] {local}

ExHAUST SySTEMS

Electric Clothes Dryer Exhaust 09 IRC 09 UMCn L&L ductless (condensing) dryers OK per L&L _____ [1502.2X] {n/a}n Closet installation req’s make-up air opening min 100sq.in [n/a] {504.3.2)n Flexible transition ducts (connectors) L&L & single piece [1502.4.3] {504.3.2.1X}n Connectors not concealed & max 8ft {6ft UMC} F60 [1502.4.3] {504.3.2.1X}n Duct smooth metal, no screws in air flow F60 _____ [1502.4.2] {504.3.2.1}n Support intervals max 4ft spacing ______________ [1502.4.2]67 {n/a}n Duct min 4in diameter ________________________[1502.4.1]68 {504.3.2}n IRC: Max length AMI or 25ft minus bends per T23 [1502.4.4]69 {n/a}n UMC: Max length 14ft minus 2ft each 90° turn more than 2 [n/a] {504.3.2.2}n No mixing w/ or passage through other systems _____[1502.1] {504.3.1}n End outside in backdraft damper & no screens F61 __[1502.3] {504.3.1}n Min 3ft from other building openings _______________[1502.3] {n/a}n Shield plates if <11/4in from framing surface F35 __ [1502.5]70 {n/a}n Length of concealed duct on tag ≤6ft of connection [1502.4.5]71 {n/a}

WALL FURNACES

Clearances & Installation 09 IRC 09 UMCn Install AMI _____________________________________[2436.1] {928.1A}n Side & top clearance req’d to prevent ignition hazards [2436.3] {928.2}n Door swing [min 12in IRC] may not cause hazard ____[2436.4] {928.2}n Door stops not OK as means of providing clearance __[2436.4] {n/a}n Room or space must have adequate combustion air __ [2407.5] {928.3}n No ducts attached to wall furnaces ________________[2436.5] {928.1A}n BW vent termination min 12ft from base of furnace _ [2427.6.4] {802.6.2.2}n Vented firestop spacer header of first floor & single story [2436.1] {928.1C}n Closed firestop spacers AMI at subsequent ceilings __[2436.1] {928.1C}

Gas Clothes Dryer Exhaustn Closet req’s make-up air opening [min 100sq in IRC] _[2439.4] {905.3A)n Flexible transition ducts (connectors) L&L & single piece [2439.5.4] {905.4C}n Connectors not concealed [& max 8ft in IRC] F60 _ [2439.5.4] {905.4C}n Duct smooth metal, no screws in air flow F60 _____ [2439.5.1] {905.4B}n Support intervals max 4ft spacing ______________[2439.5.2]67 {n/a}n Duct min 4in diameter _________________________ [2439.5.1] {n/a}n Max length AMI or 35ft minus bends per T23 ___ [2439.5.5.1]72 {n/a}n No mixing w/ or passage through other systems _____[2439.1] {905.4A}n End outside in backdraft damper & no screens F61 __[2439.3] {n/a}n Length of concealed duct on tag ≤6ft of connection [2439.5.6]71 {n/a}

Range Hood Ductsn Backdraft damper & outdoor termination req’d EXC __[1503.1] {504.1&2} •DuctlessrangehoodsOKperL&L _____________ [1503.1X] {303.1}n Must be metal w/ smooth interior EXC _____________[1503.2] {504.2} •PVCOKfordowndraftductunderslab _________ [1503.2X] {504.2X}n Provide makeup air if exhaust system >400 cfm_____ [1503.4]73 {n/a}

TABLE 23DRYER FITTInG EQUIVALEnT LEnGTH

[T1502.4.4.1 & T2439.5.5.1]

Fitting RadiusEquivalent Length

45° Elbow 90° Elbow

4 in. mitered 2 ft. 6 in. 5 ft.

6 in. smooth 1 ft. 1 ft. 9 in.

8 in. smooth 1 ft. 1 ft. 7 in.

10 in. smooth 9 in. 1 ft. 6 in.

Air handler or condensing furnace

Primary pan (built-in)

All drains req. 1/8 in./ft. slope

Primary drain

Vent

Secondary drain

OR pan

FIG. 59Condensate Control

Transition ducts metal, L&L, and not concealed

No screens

Deduct for bends T23

If duct length based on manu instructions, copy must be provided to AHJ & inspect duct

IRC length 25 ft for electric, 35 ft. for gas or AMI

UMC length 14 ft., up to 2 90˚ bends, deduct 2 ft. for each additional 90

FIG. 60

FIG. 61

Dryer Exhaust

Backdraft DamperNOTICE

Concealed duct length 29 ft.

ELECTRICAL 25

PANELBOARDS (LOAD CENTERS)

General 09 IRC 08 nECn Working space 30in wide x 3ft deep min F63 _____ [3405.2] {110.26A1&2}n Working space to floor & min 6ft 6in height F63 ___ [3405.2] {110.26A3}n No grounding of neutral after service EXC F65 _____ [3607.2] {250.24A5}74

•Existingseparatestructurew/noparallelmetalpath [3607.3.2]75 {250.32BX}75

n No bonding subpanel neutral to enclosure F65 ______ [3908.6] {408.40}n Only 1 wire per breaker unless L&L for 2 _________ [3406.9] {110.14A}n Each neutral req’s individual terminal ______________[3706.4] {408.41}n Overcurrent protection req’d per tables T26 ________[3705.5] {240.4}n All terminals torqued per labeling ________________ [3403.3] {110.3B}n Breaker brand and models L&L for panel _________ [3403.3] {110.3B}n Use of each circuit legibly identified w/ sufficient detail to distinguish use from all other circuits ______________[3706.2] {408.4}n Circuit description not dependent on temporary conditions, e.g., room color or occupant’s name ____________ [3706.2]76 {408.4}76

n Multiwire circuits req handle tie or single handle F65 _[3701.5.1]77 {210.4B}77

n Unused openings closed equivalent to original _____ [3404.6] {110.12A}n Max height of center of breaker handle 6ft 7in ______[3705.7] {240.24A}n No panels in clothes closet or bathroom ___________[3705.7] {240.24D&E}n Not to be located over steps of a stairway _______ [3705.7]78 {240.24F}78

n 1/4in air space req’d behind surface-mounted metal panel in damp or wet location _________________________ [3907.2] {312.2A}

GROUNDING & BONDING

Grounding Electrode System (GES) F66 09 IRC 08 nECn Use metal underground water pipe if ≥10ft in earth [3608.1.1] {250.52A1}n Connect GEC to pipe not >5ft inside building ____[3608.1.1] {250.52A1}n Bond around removable equipment (meters, etc) [3608.1.1.1] {250.53D1}n Water pipe cannot be only grounding electrode _ [3608.1.1.1] {250.53D2}n “Ufer”=20ft #4 rebar or 4AWG Cu wire in concrete footing, foundation, or pier in contact w/ earth EXC ______[3608.1.2] {250.52A3} •Ufernotreq’dinexistingbuildingswheresteelnotaccessible w/o removal of concrete ______________________ [3608.1X] {250.50X}n Ground rod min 8ft __________________________[3608.1.4] {250.52A5}n Ground rod min 8ft deep & driven flush ________ [3608.1.4.1] {250.53G}n If resistance >25ohms, 2nd rod req’d ≥6ft from 1st [3608.4] {250.56}n Each structure w/ >1 branch circuit require GES ___ [3607.3] {250.32A}

Clamps n Ground rod clamps L&L for direct burial __________ [3611.1] {250.70}n Clamps accessible unless buried or encased ______ [3611.2] {250.68A}

Grounding Electrode Conductor (GEC)n GEC must connect to incoming service neutral _____ [3607.2] {250.24A}n 8 AWG req’s protection in raceway or cable armor _ [3610.2] {250.64B}n 6 AWG following building contour OK w/o protection [3610.2] {250.64B}n Size GEC to T25 EXC________________________[T3603.1]] {250.66} •6AWGlargestreq’dsizeifdead-endsatrod ___ [T3603.1] {250.66A}n 4 AWG largest req’d size if dead-ends at Ufer ____ [T3603.1] {250.66B}

Bonding n Bond all available electrodes (water piping, rod, Ufer) [3608.1] {250.50}n Bond lightning protection to grounding electrode system [n/a] {250.106}n Bond metal raceways enclosing GEC ____________ [3610.3] {250.64E}n Bond service raceway fittings w/ bonding jumpers if knockouts remain, use bonding locknuts if no remaining concentrics __ [3609.4] {250.92B}n Bond metal piping, hot, cold, & gas ____________ [3609.6&7] {250.104A&B}n EGC of equipment may be used to bond gas _____ [3609.7] {250.104B}

Intersystem Bonding n Provide accessible external terminal bar w/ min 3 terminals to bond phone & CATV _______________________ [3609.3]79 {250.94}79

n Bar not to interfere w/ opening service enclosure _ [3609.3]79 {250.94}79

Equipment Bonding & Groundingn Wire EGCs sized per T25 _____________________ [3908.12] {250.122}n EGC must provide effective ground-fault current path [3908.4] {250.4A5}n Earth is not an effective ground-fault current path __ [3908.5] {250.4A5}n RMC, IMC, EMT, AC cable armor, electrically continuous raceways, & surface metal raceways OK as EGC _ [3908.12] {250.122A}n Remove paint from contact surfaces of ground bars [3908.17] {250.12}

FIG. 64 FIG. 65

Subpanel

Do not bond neutral in subpanel.

2 circuits to common yoke & multiwire circuits req handle tie or single-handle 2-pole breaker.

EGC

TABLE 25 MIn. GROUnDInG COnDUCTOR SIzES

GEC [T3603.1] & {T250.66} EGC [T3908.12] {T250.122}

Cu Service Wire

AWG Size

Max Service Rating

Size of Cu GECA

Al Service Wire AWG

Size

Breaker Rating

AWG Size of

Cu EGCB

≤2 ≤1/0 125 8 15 141 or 1/0 2/0 or 3/0 150/175 6 20 12

2/0 or 3/0 4/0 or 250kcmil 200/225 4 30-60 10>3/0 to 350kc-

mil>250kcmil to

500 kcmil250/300 2 70-100 8

>350kcmil to 600 kcmil

>500 kcmil to 900 kcmil

400 1/0 110-200 6

1. See Code Check Electrical for Al GEC sizes.B. Al EGCs 1 size larger than Cu.

Rod min. 8 ft. below grade & driven flush

#4 Cu 20ft.

Grounding Electrode System (GES)

Bond all available electrodes together. GEC must connect them to the service neutral.

GEC

FIG. 66

“Ufer” = 20 ft. #4 rebar

5 ft. max.

ServicePanel

Bond neutral in service enclosure

Neutral conductor identified (white tape encircling end of conductor)

LINE SIDE

LOAD SIDE

SWIMMING POOL

General 09 IRC 08 nECn Service drop above or within 10ft of pool req’s clearance of 221/2 ft in any direction from water ____________ [4203.6] {T680.8}n Underground <5ft from pool only for supply of pool equipment & only using RMC, IMC or PVC ___________________ [4203.7] {680.10}n 15A or 20A 120V or 240V pump motor req’s GFCI [4203.1.3] {680.22B}n Pool panel feeds RMC, IMC, PVC, LFNC EXC ___ [T4202.1] {680.25A} •EMTorexistingcablewithinbuildingOK _______ [T4202.1] {680.25AX}

Receptaclesn Min 1 recep ≥6ft & ≤20ft from pool walls _______[4203.1.2]94 {680.22A3}94

n Receps ≤20ft from pool walls GFCI protected ____ [4203.1.3] {680.22A4}

Lighting Outletsn Outdoors lights min 5ft from pool or ≥12ft above __ [4203.4.1] {680.22C1}n Indoors 71/2ft above water OK if enclosed & GFCI [4203.4.2] {680.22C2}

Bonding & Groundingn Pool light grounds unspliced except on terminals ___ [4205.2] {680.23F2}n Provide conductive perimeter surface 3ft beyond pool & 4-6in below subgrade for bonding ___________________ [4204.2]95 {680.26B2}95

n Bond together pool shell, perimeter, metal equipment. for pumps, pool covers, underwater light forming shell, & all metal ≤5ft of pool [4204.2]96 {680.26B}96

n Intentional bond to pool water req’d w/ min 9sq.in in contact ______________________________________ [4204.3]97 {680.26C}97

n Bonding wire min solid 8AWG Cu ______________ [4204.2] {680.26B}n Branch circuit EGC min 12AWG _______________ [4205.2] {680.23F2}

Underwater Lighting n GFCI-protected or low-voltage __________________ [4206.4] {680.23A3}n Top of light min 18in below water level __________ [4206.4.2] {680.23A5}n PVC to underwater lights req’s 8AWG insulated bonding conductor __________________________[4206.10.2] {680.23B2}n Encapsulate bonding conductor on forming shell _[4206.10.2] {680.23B2}n Segregate GFCI-protected raceways from non-GFCI [4206.3] {680.23F3}n Junction box L&L for pool light _________________ [4206.9.1] {680.24A1}n Junction box min 8in above max water ___________ [4206.9.1] {680.24A2}n Junction box min 4ft from pool edge ____________ [4206.9.1] {680.24A2}

HOT TUB/SPAn Outdoors same rules as swimming pools _________ [4202.1] {680.42}n Cord ≤15ft OK for GFCI-protected packaged unit _ [4202.2] {680.42A2}n Bond all metal within 5ft _______________________ [4204.2] {680.26B5}v

HyDROMASAGE TUBSn Equipment accessible w/o damaging building finish [4209.3] {680.73}n Individual branch circuit & GFCI protection req’d __ [4209.1]98 {680.71}98

n All receps within 6ft req GFCI protection ________ [4209.1]99 {680.71}99

n Metal piping systems & grounded metal parts in contact w/circulating water bonded to motor lug w/ min 8 AWG Cu F82 [4209.4]100 {680.74}100

BOxES

General 09 IRC 08 nECn Repair wallboard side gaps >1/8in to outlet box F83 _ [3906.6] {314.21}n Outlet box flush w/ combustible surface F83 _______ [3906.5] {314.20}n ≤1/4in from non-combustible surface (drywall) F83 __ [3906.5] {314.20}n Boxes & conduit openings must remain accessible _ [3905.11] {314.29}n Min 6in free conductor in box min 3in past face ___[3406.10.3] {300.14}

FIG. 83

FIG. 82

Bad Box Placement

Hydromassage Tubs

Opening cut too large(>1/8in. gap)

Box setback too deep(>1/4in.)

Hey Kids! Guess what Ben is holding in his other hand?

Box extender(goof ring)

Box Filln Box size for conductors, devices, & fittings T29 ___ [3905.13] {314.16}n Pancake boxes too small to connect inside F84 ___ [3905.13] {314.16B}n 18cu.in box w/ device too small for 3 ×12/2 NM cable[3905.13] {314.16B}

TABLE 29 BOX FILL WORkSHEET [3905.13]

Item Size # Total

#14 conductors exiting box 2.00

#12 conductors exiting box 2.25

#10 conductors exiting box 2.50

#8 conductors exiting box 3.00

#6 conductors exiting box 5.00

Largest grounding conductor-count only one 1

Devices: 2× connected conductor size

Internal clamps-one based on largest wire present 1

Fixture fittings-one for each type based on largest wire

TOTAL

FIG. 84Pancake Boxes

6cu. in. 4cu. in.Pancake boxes are not suitable for most appli-cations because they are too small for wiring connections.

TABLE 28 LOAD CALCULATIOnS [T3704.2(1)] {220.40}

General Lighting & Receptacle LoadsSq. ft. × 3VA

Small Appliance & Laundry Loads2 small appliance circuit 3,000Laundry circuit 1,500Subtotal general light, small appli-ance & laundryFirst 3,000VA @ 100% 3,000 3,000Balance @ 35% × .35 =

Special Appliance LoadsRange 8,000 up to 12kW nameplateDryer 5,000 (or nameplate if >)Heating or Air Conditioning @ 100%

Appliances Fastened in PlaceWHMicrowave

DWDisposerOtherSubtotal

If <4 appliances, enter subtotal @100% orIf ≥4 appliances, enter subtotal × 75%

Largest motor if not including AC nameplate × 25%Total load

Total load ÷ 240V = SERVICE AMPS

ELECTRICAL 29