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Notes
Introduction
1 On this important theme see for example William Leiss Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed (New York Routledge 1997)
2 Frei Betto ldquoManual da Criserdquo in Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed ed Emil Sader and Frei Betto (Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001) 176
3 Celso Furtado O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico (Rio de Janeiro Paz e Terra 1974) 15
4 Juan Luis Segundo O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute vol 1 of Feacute e Ideologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985) 31 and 19
5 Max Horkheimer ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo in A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl R Popper Max Horkheimer Herbert Marcuse (Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976) 103
6 Ibid 63 7 Ibid 106 8 Hugo Assmann ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to
Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 84
1 Theology and the Life of the Poor
1 Enrique Dussel ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 152 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
2 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986)
148 Notes
3 Gilberto Gorgulho ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo in Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 ed Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino (Madri Trotta 1990) 181
4 Jung Mo Sung A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 San Joseacute DEI 1991)
5 The program has a new name Seminario de Investigadores y Formadores (SIF) See httpwwwdei-crorgcatampx003D4amplangampx003Desamptitleampx003DProgramas Seminarios y Cursos
6 See Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988)
7 Jung Mo Sung Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e utopias (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996)
8 Jung Mo Sung Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten (San Joseacute DEI 1994)
9 Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do Mercado Ensaios Sobre Economia e Teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989)
10 Juan Luis Segundo El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magis-terio dogmaacutetico (Santander Sal Terrae 1989) 373
11 Desejo mercado e religiatildeo (Petropolis Vozes 1998) Deseo mer-cado y religion (Santander Sal Terrae 1999 Mexico Dabar 1999) A Korean translation came out in 2001 An expanded edition was published in English in 2007 by SCM Press After that book I published another in partnership with Hugo Assmann Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para espe-ranccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000) The latter came out of my post-doctorate work in education
2 The Subject and the Defense of the Life of the Victims
1 Hugo Assmann Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed (Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976) 40 Assmann wrote this textmdashprobably one of
Notes 149
his most widely quoted paragraphs in the worldmdashin 1971 Forty years later the text remains relevant
2 Ibid 63 3 Gustavo Gutieacuterrez A Theology of Liberation rev ed (Maryknoll
Orbis 1988) 9 4 Ibid 10 It is worth pointing out that the critique of idolatry
and fetishism is not directed only at oppressing systems but also at Christian communities and popular movements
5 Ibid 9 The first emphasis is mine 6 Rubem Alves A Theology of Human Hope (Washington Corpus
1969) 4 This is the published version of his doctoral disser-tation which was originally titled ldquoTowards a Theology of Liberationrdquo
7 Ibid 5 8 For some of these problems see Jung Mo Sung Teologia e eco-
nomia repensando a TL e utopias 2 nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994)
9 ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorg brdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
10 Alain Touraine Criacutetica da Modernidade (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994) 324 and 225
11 Agnes Heller O Homen do Renascimento (Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982) 9
12 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65
13 Niklas Luhman Paul Krugman Pablo Navarro and Immanuel Wallerstein are examples of scientists who use or dialogue with these concepts The latter two have several articles available on the Internet
14 Hugo Assmann Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade apren-dente (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998) 134
15 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64
16 See Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A idolatria do mercado ensaio sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989)
150 Notes
17 Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) 282
18 I am using the concept ldquosubjectityrdquo and not ldquosubjectivityrdquo as it is more common because the way that the second concept is normally used causes problems in understanding the concept of the subject as developed in Franz Hinkelammertrsquos work on which I am drawing
19 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added I develop this theme more amply in chapter 3
3 The Subject as Transcendentality within Real Life
1 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added
2 Franz Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica (San Joseacute DEI 1984) 29
3 Ibid 231 4 Ibid 254 5 Ibid 6 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 495ndash496 Emphasis added A
subject that deserves to be carefully considered but which is not the object of discussion in this small text is Hinkelammertrsquos hypothesis that the process that develops as a function of the iner-tia of the capitalist system is self-destructive and leads human-ity to suicide I think that the present system sacrifices many lives but is not necessarily self-destructive The capitalist system shows an immense capacity to adapt to new economic and social conditions The problem is that capitalism adapts condemn-ing millions of people to a life of poverty and death It is clear that I also think that the capitalist system can be overcome by another type of social system but to assume this possibility does not necessarily mean to agree with the hypothesis that it is self-destructive
Notes 151
7 August Serrano ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27
8 Ibid 21 9 Ibid
10 Elsa Tamez ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88 (MarApr 2000) 18
11 Ibid 20 12 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 263 13 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 14 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 485 15 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 243 16 Ibid 17 Franz Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador determinismo
caos sujeto (San Joseacute DEI 1996) 23 18 There is today a small difference between the critiques made
by Hinkelammert and Assmann with respect to the idolatry of the market Hinkelammert even recognizing the impos-sibility of a modern economy without mercantile relations privileges in his analysis the negative aspects of the capitalist market With that he gives many times the false impression that the market is essentially negative Assmann who in the 1970s denied the market in a much more radical way than Hinkelammert today proposes a critical position but at the same time positive in relation to some of the aspects of the market
19 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 23 20 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 21 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 254ndash255 22 Ibid 243 23 On this problem see Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung
Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petropolis Vozes 2000) especially the first part
24 There are two principle works of Hinkelammert on this subject Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la historia (Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970) and Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
148 Notes
3 Gilberto Gorgulho ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo in Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 ed Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino (Madri Trotta 1990) 181
4 Jung Mo Sung A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 San Joseacute DEI 1991)
5 The program has a new name Seminario de Investigadores y Formadores (SIF) See httpwwwdei-crorgcatampx003D4amplangampx003Desamptitleampx003DProgramas Seminarios y Cursos
6 See Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988)
7 Jung Mo Sung Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e utopias (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996)
8 Jung Mo Sung Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten (San Joseacute DEI 1994)
9 Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do Mercado Ensaios Sobre Economia e Teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989)
10 Juan Luis Segundo El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magis-terio dogmaacutetico (Santander Sal Terrae 1989) 373
11 Desejo mercado e religiatildeo (Petropolis Vozes 1998) Deseo mer-cado y religion (Santander Sal Terrae 1999 Mexico Dabar 1999) A Korean translation came out in 2001 An expanded edition was published in English in 2007 by SCM Press After that book I published another in partnership with Hugo Assmann Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para espe-ranccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000) The latter came out of my post-doctorate work in education
2 The Subject and the Defense of the Life of the Victims
1 Hugo Assmann Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed (Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976) 40 Assmann wrote this textmdashprobably one of
Notes 149
his most widely quoted paragraphs in the worldmdashin 1971 Forty years later the text remains relevant
2 Ibid 63 3 Gustavo Gutieacuterrez A Theology of Liberation rev ed (Maryknoll
Orbis 1988) 9 4 Ibid 10 It is worth pointing out that the critique of idolatry
and fetishism is not directed only at oppressing systems but also at Christian communities and popular movements
5 Ibid 9 The first emphasis is mine 6 Rubem Alves A Theology of Human Hope (Washington Corpus
1969) 4 This is the published version of his doctoral disser-tation which was originally titled ldquoTowards a Theology of Liberationrdquo
7 Ibid 5 8 For some of these problems see Jung Mo Sung Teologia e eco-
nomia repensando a TL e utopias 2 nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994)
9 ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorg brdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
10 Alain Touraine Criacutetica da Modernidade (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994) 324 and 225
11 Agnes Heller O Homen do Renascimento (Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982) 9
12 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65
13 Niklas Luhman Paul Krugman Pablo Navarro and Immanuel Wallerstein are examples of scientists who use or dialogue with these concepts The latter two have several articles available on the Internet
14 Hugo Assmann Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade apren-dente (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998) 134
15 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64
16 See Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A idolatria do mercado ensaio sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989)
150 Notes
17 Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) 282
18 I am using the concept ldquosubjectityrdquo and not ldquosubjectivityrdquo as it is more common because the way that the second concept is normally used causes problems in understanding the concept of the subject as developed in Franz Hinkelammertrsquos work on which I am drawing
19 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added I develop this theme more amply in chapter 3
3 The Subject as Transcendentality within Real Life
1 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added
2 Franz Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica (San Joseacute DEI 1984) 29
3 Ibid 231 4 Ibid 254 5 Ibid 6 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 495ndash496 Emphasis added A
subject that deserves to be carefully considered but which is not the object of discussion in this small text is Hinkelammertrsquos hypothesis that the process that develops as a function of the iner-tia of the capitalist system is self-destructive and leads human-ity to suicide I think that the present system sacrifices many lives but is not necessarily self-destructive The capitalist system shows an immense capacity to adapt to new economic and social conditions The problem is that capitalism adapts condemn-ing millions of people to a life of poverty and death It is clear that I also think that the capitalist system can be overcome by another type of social system but to assume this possibility does not necessarily mean to agree with the hypothesis that it is self-destructive
Notes 151
7 August Serrano ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27
8 Ibid 21 9 Ibid
10 Elsa Tamez ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88 (MarApr 2000) 18
11 Ibid 20 12 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 263 13 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 14 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 485 15 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 243 16 Ibid 17 Franz Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador determinismo
caos sujeto (San Joseacute DEI 1996) 23 18 There is today a small difference between the critiques made
by Hinkelammert and Assmann with respect to the idolatry of the market Hinkelammert even recognizing the impos-sibility of a modern economy without mercantile relations privileges in his analysis the negative aspects of the capitalist market With that he gives many times the false impression that the market is essentially negative Assmann who in the 1970s denied the market in a much more radical way than Hinkelammert today proposes a critical position but at the same time positive in relation to some of the aspects of the market
19 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 23 20 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 21 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 254ndash255 22 Ibid 243 23 On this problem see Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung
Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petropolis Vozes 2000) especially the first part
24 There are two principle works of Hinkelammert on this subject Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la historia (Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970) and Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 149
his most widely quoted paragraphs in the worldmdashin 1971 Forty years later the text remains relevant
2 Ibid 63 3 Gustavo Gutieacuterrez A Theology of Liberation rev ed (Maryknoll
Orbis 1988) 9 4 Ibid 10 It is worth pointing out that the critique of idolatry
and fetishism is not directed only at oppressing systems but also at Christian communities and popular movements
5 Ibid 9 The first emphasis is mine 6 Rubem Alves A Theology of Human Hope (Washington Corpus
1969) 4 This is the published version of his doctoral disser-tation which was originally titled ldquoTowards a Theology of Liberationrdquo
7 Ibid 5 8 For some of these problems see Jung Mo Sung Teologia e eco-
nomia repensando a TL e utopias 2 nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994)
9 ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorg brdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
10 Alain Touraine Criacutetica da Modernidade (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994) 324 and 225
11 Agnes Heller O Homen do Renascimento (Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982) 9
12 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65
13 Niklas Luhman Paul Krugman Pablo Navarro and Immanuel Wallerstein are examples of scientists who use or dialogue with these concepts The latter two have several articles available on the Internet
14 Hugo Assmann Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade apren-dente (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998) 134
15 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64
16 See Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A idolatria do mercado ensaio sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989)
150 Notes
17 Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) 282
18 I am using the concept ldquosubjectityrdquo and not ldquosubjectivityrdquo as it is more common because the way that the second concept is normally used causes problems in understanding the concept of the subject as developed in Franz Hinkelammertrsquos work on which I am drawing
19 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added I develop this theme more amply in chapter 3
3 The Subject as Transcendentality within Real Life
1 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added
2 Franz Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica (San Joseacute DEI 1984) 29
3 Ibid 231 4 Ibid 254 5 Ibid 6 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 495ndash496 Emphasis added A
subject that deserves to be carefully considered but which is not the object of discussion in this small text is Hinkelammertrsquos hypothesis that the process that develops as a function of the iner-tia of the capitalist system is self-destructive and leads human-ity to suicide I think that the present system sacrifices many lives but is not necessarily self-destructive The capitalist system shows an immense capacity to adapt to new economic and social conditions The problem is that capitalism adapts condemn-ing millions of people to a life of poverty and death It is clear that I also think that the capitalist system can be overcome by another type of social system but to assume this possibility does not necessarily mean to agree with the hypothesis that it is self-destructive
Notes 151
7 August Serrano ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27
8 Ibid 21 9 Ibid
10 Elsa Tamez ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88 (MarApr 2000) 18
11 Ibid 20 12 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 263 13 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 14 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 485 15 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 243 16 Ibid 17 Franz Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador determinismo
caos sujeto (San Joseacute DEI 1996) 23 18 There is today a small difference between the critiques made
by Hinkelammert and Assmann with respect to the idolatry of the market Hinkelammert even recognizing the impos-sibility of a modern economy without mercantile relations privileges in his analysis the negative aspects of the capitalist market With that he gives many times the false impression that the market is essentially negative Assmann who in the 1970s denied the market in a much more radical way than Hinkelammert today proposes a critical position but at the same time positive in relation to some of the aspects of the market
19 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 23 20 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 21 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 254ndash255 22 Ibid 243 23 On this problem see Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung
Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petropolis Vozes 2000) especially the first part
24 There are two principle works of Hinkelammert on this subject Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la historia (Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970) and Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
150 Notes
17 Franz Hinkelammert A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) 282
18 I am using the concept ldquosubjectityrdquo and not ldquosubjectivityrdquo as it is more common because the way that the second concept is normally used causes problems in understanding the concept of the subject as developed in Franz Hinkelammertrsquos work on which I am drawing
19 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added I develop this theme more amply in chapter 3
3 The Subject as Transcendentality within Real Life
1 Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto rep-rimido (Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003) 494 Emphasis added
2 Franz Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica (San Joseacute DEI 1984) 29
3 Ibid 231 4 Ibid 254 5 Ibid 6 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 495ndash496 Emphasis added A
subject that deserves to be carefully considered but which is not the object of discussion in this small text is Hinkelammertrsquos hypothesis that the process that develops as a function of the iner-tia of the capitalist system is self-destructive and leads human-ity to suicide I think that the present system sacrifices many lives but is not necessarily self-destructive The capitalist system shows an immense capacity to adapt to new economic and social conditions The problem is that capitalism adapts condemn-ing millions of people to a life of poverty and death It is clear that I also think that the capitalist system can be overcome by another type of social system but to assume this possibility does not necessarily mean to agree with the hypothesis that it is self-destructive
Notes 151
7 August Serrano ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27
8 Ibid 21 9 Ibid
10 Elsa Tamez ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88 (MarApr 2000) 18
11 Ibid 20 12 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 263 13 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 14 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 485 15 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 243 16 Ibid 17 Franz Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador determinismo
caos sujeto (San Joseacute DEI 1996) 23 18 There is today a small difference between the critiques made
by Hinkelammert and Assmann with respect to the idolatry of the market Hinkelammert even recognizing the impos-sibility of a modern economy without mercantile relations privileges in his analysis the negative aspects of the capitalist market With that he gives many times the false impression that the market is essentially negative Assmann who in the 1970s denied the market in a much more radical way than Hinkelammert today proposes a critical position but at the same time positive in relation to some of the aspects of the market
19 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 23 20 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 21 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 254ndash255 22 Ibid 243 23 On this problem see Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung
Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petropolis Vozes 2000) especially the first part
24 There are two principle works of Hinkelammert on this subject Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la historia (Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970) and Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 151
7 August Serrano ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27
8 Ibid 21 9 Ibid
10 Elsa Tamez ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88 (MarApr 2000) 18
11 Ibid 20 12 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 263 13 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 14 Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley 485 15 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 243 16 Ibid 17 Franz Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador determinismo
caos sujeto (San Joseacute DEI 1996) 23 18 There is today a small difference between the critiques made
by Hinkelammert and Assmann with respect to the idolatry of the market Hinkelammert even recognizing the impos-sibility of a modern economy without mercantile relations privileges in his analysis the negative aspects of the capitalist market With that he gives many times the false impression that the market is essentially negative Assmann who in the 1970s denied the market in a much more radical way than Hinkelammert today proposes a critical position but at the same time positive in relation to some of the aspects of the market
19 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 23 20 Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica 254 21 Hinkelammert El mapa del emperador 254ndash255 22 Ibid 243 23 On this problem see Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung
Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petropolis Vozes 2000) especially the first part
24 There are two principle works of Hinkelammert on this subject Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la historia (Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970) and Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
152 Notes
25 Franz Hinkelammert The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of Capitalism (Maryknoll Orbis 1986) 58
26 Ibid 27 Ibid 53 28 In some authors we still find the promise of the realization of the
great utopia no longer based in the modern Marxist metanar-rative but in the (postmodern) metanarrative of the evolution of the cosmic universe a vision quite close to the thought of Teilhard de Chardin
29 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas epistemologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash19 This edition of Pasos presents a synthesis of the meeting itself
30 Pablo Richard ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) p 33
31 On this theme see Hinkelammert Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica
4 A New Form of Legitimation of the Economy
1 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw Hill 1980) 38 Emphasis added This textbook is now into its 19th edition (2009) The 11th edition was the last one authored exclusively by Samuelson
2 See Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996) The Sante Fe Institute ( httpwww santafeedu ) is today one of the most important centers in the study of the application of the theories of complexity and self-or-ganization in the area of economics See for example W Brian Arthur Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy as an Evolving Complex System II (Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997) The introduction is available on the Internet at httptuvalusantafeedu~wbarthurPapersADLIntrohtml (accessed March 25 2011)
3 Fritjof Capra A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos sistemas vivos (Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997) 64
4 Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy 3 5 Ibid 6 6 Paul Krugman The Accidental Theorist (New York Norton 1998)
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 153
7 Some other examples John Henry Clippinger ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise (San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999) Kevin T Kelly Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World (New York Basic Books 1994) Ken Baskin Corporate DNA Learning from Life (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998) Pierre NV Tu Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed (New York Springer-Verlag 1998) Gary F Bargatze Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium (Torrance CA Griffin 1999)
8 Paulo Guedes ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) 36
9 Ibid 10 Matt Ridley The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the
Evolution of Cooperation (New York Penguin 1997) 43 11 Ibid 46 12 Ibid 238 13 Ibid 262 14 Ibid 264ndash65 15 On that problem see Hinkelammertrsquos foundational text A criacutetica
agrave razatildeo utoacutepica (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988) especially chapter 3 which is dedicated to the analysis of the Soviet model
16 On the theme of desire necessity economics and theology see Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007)
17 George Soros the mega-investorspeculator in the world finan-cial market defends beginning with a rereading of Popper similar ideas in his book The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998)
18 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism (Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 6
19 Ibid 20 Ibid 21 Ibid 136ndash37 22 Norman Barry ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature
of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) Online reprint Library of Economics
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
154 Notes
and Liberty under ldquoConclusionrdquo httpwwweconliborglibrary EssaysLtrLbrtybryTSOhtml (accessed March 25 2011)
23 Serge Moscovici A maacutequina de fazer deuses (Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990) 27
24 Hayek Fatal Conceit 18 25 Ibid 13 26 See for example Juan Luis Segundo iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hom-
bre iquestQueacute Dios (Santander Sal Terrae 1993) 27 Hugo Assmann Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo
epistemologia e didaacutetica (Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996) 64 28 Ibid 29 Ibid 66 30 On this theme see for example Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo
Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esper-anccedila 2nd ed (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2001) especially part one
31 Leonardo Boff Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor (Maryknoll Orbis 1997) 19
32 Ibid 146ndash47 33 Ibid 169 34 Ibid 178 35 Ibid 201 36 Freeman Dyson Infinite in All Directions (New York Harper
1988) 94 37 Joseacute Comblin Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de
libertaccedilatildeo (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1996) 65 38 Ibid 67 39 Ibid 66 40 Leonardo Boff ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo
in Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos ed Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez (San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001) 225
41 Ibid 227
5 Ethics and Complex Economic Systems
1 Paul Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) The following quotations are from the same text
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 155
2 Karl Polanyi The Great Transformation (Boston Beacon Press 1957) 43 Polanyirsquos notion of the self-regulation of the market system refers more to the relation of the market with its ldquoexte-riorrdquo that is the independence of the market system in rela-tion to other systems or institutions of society and ethics itself Whereas the concept of the self-regulating or self-organizing system presently used refers more to the internal aspect of the system its internal functioning without forgetting the relation of the system with its environment or surroundings
3 See for example Paul Krugman The Self-Organizing Economy (Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996)
4 Krugman Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph 5 For more information on SA 8000 see the Social Accountability
International website httpwwwsa-intlorg (accessed March 28 2011)
6 Milton Friedman ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970
7 Amartya Sen On Ethics and Economics (Oxford Blackwell 1987) 2 Robbins defended that thesis in his inf luential work An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (London Macmillan 1932)
8 Norman Barry ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 31 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets -moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 29 2011)
9 Laura Nash Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict (Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993) 2
10 Adela Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cul-tura empresarial (Madrid Trotta 1994) 88
11 Nash Good Intentions 5 12 ldquoSobre O Ethosrdquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade
Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
13 ldquoMissatildeordquo Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social Ethos under ldquoO Instituto Ethosrdquo and ldquoQuem Somosrdquo wwwethosorgbr (accessed March 25 2011)
14 Cortina Eacutetica de la empresa 13
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
156 Notes
15 Ibid 43 16 Barry ldquoDo Corporationsrdquo 17 On the concept of emergence in the social sciences see for
example Geoffrey M Hodgson ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 24 65ndash77
18 On the theme of the dissipation of intentions dissipative structures of action see for example Pablo Navarro ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwwwnetcomes pnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011) On the concept of dissipative structures in the natural sciences see Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da ciecircncia 3rd ed (Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997)
19 Karl Homann ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo in Georges Enderle et al eds Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica (Satildeo Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997) 297
20 Ibid 21 Franz Hinkelammert Democracia y totalitarismo (San Joseacute DEI
1987) 152 22 Amartya Sen Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation (Oxford Oxford University Press 1981) 23 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom (New York Random
House 1999) 66 24 George Soros The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society
Endangered (New York Public Affairs 1998) xxvi 25 On the use of the concept ldquoidolatryrdquo in socioeconomic analysis
see for example Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
26 Clodovis Boff ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Revista Eclesiaacutestica Brasileira 51 no 204 (December 1991) 844
27 Ibid 845 28 Ibid 29 Ibid Michael Loumlwy and Frei Betto affirm in a text prepared for
the 2002 World Social Forum Valores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeo
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 157
the following ldquoI believe that the expression civilization of soli-darity is a synthesis appropriated from this alternative project This means not only a radically different economic and politi-cal structure but especially an alternative society that values the ideas of common good public interest universal rights and gratuity I propose to define this society with a term that summarizes almost two centuries of the aspirations of human-ity for a new form of life more free more egalitarian more democratic and more solidarious A term thatmdashlike all others (freedom democracy etc)mdashwas manipulated by deeply anti-popular and authoritarian interests but that nonetheless lost its original and authentic value socialismrdquo httpwwwdhnet orgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
30 Antocircnio Moser ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo in Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica ed Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos (Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988) 76ndash77
31 Ibid 78 32 Joseacute Ignacio Gonzaacuteles Faus and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estru-
turalrdquo in Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais ed Mariano Vidal (Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999) 366
33 Ibid 373 34 Polanyi Great Transformation 244 35 Paul A Samuelson Economics 11th ed (New York McGraw
Hill 1980) 38 36 Friedrich A von Hayek The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism
(Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988) 26 37 Ibid 12 38 Ibid 118 39 Gonzaacuteles Faus and Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo 376 40 Ibid 377 41 On the theme of sacrificialism see Franz Hinkelammert
Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995)
42 Edgar Morin ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo in Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educaccedilatildeo ed Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia (Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001) 40
43 Ibid 41
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
158 Notes
44 Edgar Morin ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo in O olhar do observa-dor contribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista eds Paul Watzlawcik and Peter Krieg (Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995) 72-73
45 Edgar Morin and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria (Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993) 88
46 Hugo Assmann Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual (Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991) 24
6 Solidarity and the Human Condition
1 The World Bankrsquos poverty indicators now set the international line of ldquoextreme povertyrdquo at 125 US$ per day According to this new measure around 14 billion people were living in extreme poverty in 2005 See httpgoworldbankorg45FS30HBF0 (accessed March 28 2011)
2 Bstan-lsquodzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium (New York Riverhead 1999) 64
3 Antonio Damasio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (New York Harcourt Brace 1999) 51
4 Ibid 279 5 Ibid 284ndash85 6 Ibid 55 7 There is already good literature on these ldquometaphysicalrdquo expla-
nations in the area of economy especially for example Hugo Assmann and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia (SatildeoPaulo Editora Vozes 1989) Hugo Assmann Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia (Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994) Jung Mo Sung Desire Market and Religion (London SCM Press 2007) Jung Mo Sung ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contem-poracircneardquo in Religiatildeo ano 2000 ed Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho (Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998) 109ndash29
8 Damasio The Feeling of What Happens 41ndash42 See also his Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed (London Vintage 2006)
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Notes 159
9 Christophe Dejours A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed (Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999) 45ndash46 Emphasis mine
10 Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernity and Its Discontents (Cambridge Polity 1997) 41ndash42
11 Ibid 43ndash44 12 Joseacute Comblin O provisoacuterio e o definitivo (Satildeo Paulo Herder
1968) 74 13 Ibid 72 14 Dalai Lama Ethics 130ndash31 15 On education solidarious sensibility and social exclusion see
Hugo Assmann and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila (Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000)
16 This is an important theme but we cannot develop it further in this text Therefore I refer you to the text Competecircncia e sensi-bilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila which I co-wrote with Hugo Assmann
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Bibliography
Alves Rubem A Theology of Human Hope Washington Corpus 1969 Arthur W Brian Steven Durlauf and David Lane eds The Economy
as an Evolving Complex System II Reading MA Addison-Wesley 1997
Assmann Hugo Teologiacutea desde la praxis de la liberacioacuten ensayo teoloacutegico desde la Ameacuterica dependiente 2nd ed Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
mdashmdashmdash ldquoThe Strange Imputation of Violence to Liberation Theologyrdquo (Conference on Religion and Violence New York Oct 12ndash15 1989) Terrorism and Political Violence 3 no 4 (Winter 1991) 80ndash99
mdashmdashmdash Desafios e falaacutecias ensaios sobre a conjuntura atual Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1991
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica agrave loacutegica da exclusatildeo ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1994
mdashmdashmdash Metaacuteforas novas para reencantar a educaccedilatildeo epistemologia e didaacutetica Piracicaba UNIMEP 1996
mdashmdashmdash Reencantar a educaccedilatildeo rumo agrave sociedade aprendente Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998
Assmann Hugo and Franz Hinkelammert A Idolatria do mercado ensaios sobre economia e teologia Satildeo Paulo Editora Vozes 1989
Assmann Hugo and Jung Mo Sung Competecircncia e sensibilidade solidaacuteria educar para esperanccedila Petroacutepolis Vozes 2000
Bargatze Gary F Exploring Corporate DNA in the Age of People A Business Handbook for the New Millennium Torrance CA Griffin 1999
Barry Norman ldquoThe Tradition of Spontaneous Orderrdquo Literature of Liberty 5 no 2 (1982) 7ndash58 Online reprint Library of Economics and Liberty httpwwweconliborglibraryEssaysLtrLbrty bryTSOhtml (accessed March 28 2011)
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
162 Bibliography
Barry Norman ldquoDo Corporations Have Any Responsibility Beyond Making a Profitrdquo Journal of Markets and Morality 3 no1 (Spring 2000) httpwwwactonorgpubjournal-markets-moralityvolume-3-number-1 (accessed March 25 2011)
Baskin Ken Corporate DNA Learning from Life Boston Butterworth-Heinemann 1998
Bauman Zygmunt Postmodernity and Its Discontents Cambridge Polity 1997
Betto Frei ldquoIndeterminaccedilatildeo e complementaridaderdquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto_indetermhtml (accessed March 23 2011)
mdashmdashmdash ldquoManual da Criserdquo In Contra Versotildees Civilizaccedilatildeo or Barbaacuterie na Virada do Seacuteculo 2nd ed edited by Emil Sader and Frei Betto 176ndash78 Satildeo Paulo Boitempo 2001
Betto Frei and Michael Loumlwy ldquoValores de uma nova civilizaccedilatildeordquo httpwwwdhnetorgbrdireitosmilitantesfreibettobetto02html (accessed March 26 2011)
Boff Clodovis ldquoO capitalismo triunfante na visatildeo atual de Joatildeo Paulo II leitura da lsquoCentesimus annusrsquo a partir do Terceiro Mundordquo Reviacutesta Eclesiaacutestica Brasilera 51 no 204 (December 1991) 825ndash46
Boff Leonardo Cry of the Earth Cry of the Poor Maryknoll Orbis 1997
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEl pecado capital del ecocidio y del biocidiordquo In Itineraacuterio de la razoacuten criacutetica homenaje a Franz Hinkelammert en sus 70 antildeos edited by Joseacute Duque and Germaacuten Gutieacuterrez 213ndash27 San Joseacute Costa Rica DEI 2001
Bstan- dzin-rgya-mtsho Dalai Lama XIV Ethics for the New Millennium New York Riverhead 1999
Capra Fritjof A teia da vida uma nova compreensatildeo cientifica dos siste-mas vivos Satildeo Paulo Cultix 1997
Clippinger John Henry ed The Biology of Business Decoding the Natural Law of Enterprise San Francisco Jossey-Bass 1999
Comblin Joseacute O provisoacuterio e o definitivo Satildeo Paulo Herder 1968 mdashmdashmdash Cristatildeos rumo ao seacuteculo XXI nova caminhada de libertaccedilatildeo Satildeo
Paulo Paulus 1996 Cortina Adela Eacutetica de la empresa Claves para uma nueva cultura
empresarial Madrid Trotta 1994
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Bibliography 163
Damasio Antonio The Feeling of What Happens Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness New York Harcourt Brace 1999
mdashmdashmdash Descartesrsquo Error Emotion Reason and the Human Brain rev ed London Vintage 2006
Dejours Christophe A banalizaccedilatildeo da injustice social 2nd ed Rio de Janeiro Ed FGV 1999
Dussel Enrique ldquoThe Bread of the Eucharistic Celebration as a Sign of Justice in the Communityrdquo Concilium 172 no 2 (1982) 56ndash68
Dyson Freeman Infinite in All Directions New York Harper 1988 Furtado Celso O Mito do Desenvolvimento Econocircmico Rio de Janeiro
Paz e Terra 1974 Friedman Milton ldquoThe Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase
Its Profitsrdquo The New York Times Magazine Sept 13 1970 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio and Marciano Vidal ldquoPecado estruturalrdquo
In Eacutetica teoloacutegica conceitos fundamentais edited by Marciano Vidal Petroacutepolis Vozes 1999
Gorgulho Gilberto ldquoHermenecircutica biacuteblicardquo In Mysterium Liberationis conceptos fundamentals de la teologiacutea de la liberacioacuten Vol 1 edited by Ignacio Ellacuriacutea and Jon Sobrino 169ndash200 Madri Trotta 1990
Graccedila das Neves Rui Manuel ldquoLa crisis del sujeto y las nuevas episte-mologiacuteasrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 18ndash20
Guedes Paulo ldquoBiologia dos negoacutecios espeacutecies virtuais incapazes de se adaptar vatildeo desaparecerrdquo Exame 279 (Dec 13 2001) xxndashxx
Gutieacuterrez Gustavo A Theology of Liberation rev ed Maryknoll Orbis 1988
Hayek Friedrich A von The Fatal Conceit The Errors of Socialism Chicago University of Chicago Press 1988
Heller Agnes O Homen do Renascimento Lisboa Ed Presenccedila 1982 Hinkelammert Franz Ideologiacuteas del desarrollo y dialeacutectica de la histo-
ria Santiago Ed Nueva Universidad Universidad Catoacutelica de Chile 1970
mdashmdashmdash Criacutetica a la razoacuten utoacutepica San Joseacute DEI 1984 mdashmdashmdash The Ideological Weapons of Death A Theological Critique of
Capitalism Maryknoll Orbis 1986 mdashmdashmdash Democracia y totalitarismo San Joseacute DEI 1987 mdashmdashmdash A criacutetica agrave razatildeo utoacutepica Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1988
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
164 Bibliography
Hinkelammert Franz Sacafiacutecios humanos e sociedade ocidental Luacutecifer e a Besta Satildeo Paulo Paulus 1995
mdashmdashmdash El mapa del emperador determinismo caos sujeto San Joseacute DEI 1996
mdashmdashmdash ldquoLa vuelta del sujeto humano reprimido frente a la estrategia de globalizacioacutenrdquo In Franz Hinkelammert El sujeto y la ley El retorno del sujeto reprimido Hereacutedia Costa Rica EUNA 2003
Hodgson Geoffrey M ldquoThe Concept of Emergence in Social Science Its History and Importancerdquo Emergence 2 no 4 65ndash77
Homann Karl ldquoEacutetica da economiardquo In Dicionaacuterio de Eacutetica Econocircmica edited by Georges Enderle et al S Leopoldo Ed Unisinos 1997
Horkheimer Max ldquoLa Antildeoranza de lo Completamente Otrordquo In A la Buacutesqueda del Sentido Karl Popper Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse 67ndash124 Salamanca Siacutegueme 1976
Kelly Kevin Out of Control The New Biology of Machines Social Systems and the Economic World New York Basic Books 1994
Krugman Paul The Self-Organizing Economy Malden-Oxford Blackwell 1996
mdashmdashmdash The Accidental Theorist New York Norton 1998 mdashmdashmdash Capitalismrsquos Mysterious Triumph under ldquoEconomic Theoryrdquo
httpwwwpkarchiveorg (accessed March 25 2011) Leiss William Stephen Kline and Sally Jhally Social Communication
in Advertising Persons Products and Images of Well-Being 2nd ed New York Routledge 1997
Morin Edgar ldquoCultura ndash conhecimentordquo In O olhar do observador con-tribuiccedilotildees para uma teoria do conhecimento construtivista edited by Paul Watzlawick and Peter Krieg 71ndash80 Satildeo Paulo Ed Psy II 1995
mdashmdashmdash ldquoEacutetica e sociedaderdquo In Edgar Morin Eacutetica cultura e educa-ccedilatildeo edited by Alfredo Pena-Veja Cleide R S Almeida and Izabel Petraglia 39ndash45 Satildeo Paulo Cortez Editora 2001
Morin Edgar and Anne B Kern Terra-Paacutetria Lisbon Insituto Piaget 1993
Moscovici Serge A maacutequina de fazer deuses Rio de Janeiro Imago 1990
Moser Antocircnio ldquoO pecado social em chave Latino-Americanardquo In Temas Latino-Americanos de Eacutetica edited by Maacutercio Fabri dos Anjos 63ndash91 Aparecida-SP Santuaacuterio 1988
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Bibliography 165
Nash Laura Good Intentions Aside A Managerrsquos Guide to Resolving Ethical Conflict Boston Harvard Business School Press 1993
Navarro Pablo ldquoThe Dissipative Structures of Actionrdquo httpwww netcomespnavarroPublicacionesAmsterdamrsquo97html (accessed March 21 2011)
Polanyi Karl The Great Transformation Boston Beacon Press 1957 Prigogine Ilya and Isabelle Stengers A nova alianccedila Metamorphose da
ciecircncia 3rd ed Brasiacutelia Ed UNB 1997 Richard Pablo ldquoLa construccioacuten del sujeto en la Teologiacutea de la
Liberacioacutenrdquo Pasos 87 (JanFeb 2000) 31ndash34 Ridley Matt The Origins of Virtue Human Instincts and the Evolution
of Cooperation New York Penguin 1997 Robbins Lionel An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
Science London Macmillan 1932 Samuelson Paul Economics 11th ed New York McGraw Hill 1980 Segundo Juan Luis O Homem de Hoje diante de Jesus de Nazareacute Vol 1
of Feacute e Ideologia Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1985 mdashmdashmdash El dogma que libera fe revelacioacuten y magisterio dogmaacutetico
Santander Sal Terrae 1989 mdashmdashmdash iquestQueacute mundo iquestQueacute hombre iquestQueacute Dios Santander Sal Terrae
1993 Sen Amartya Poverty and Famines An Essay on Entitlement and
Deprivation OxfordNew York Oxford University Press 1981 mdashmdashmdash On Ethics and Economics Oxford Blackwell 1987 mdashmdashmdash Development as Freedom New York Random House 1999 Serrano August ldquoEl sujeto y la redrdquo Pasos 85 (SeptOct 1999) 18ndash27 Soros George The Crisis of Global Capitalism Open Society Endangered
New York Public Affairs 1998 Sung Jung Mo A idolatria do capital e a morte dos pobres uma reflexatildeo
teoloacutegica a partir da diacutevida externa Satildeo Paulo Paulinas 1989 mdashmdashmdash Economia Tema Ausente en la Teologia de la Liberacioacuten San
Joseacute DEI 1994 mdashmdashmdash Teologia e economia repensando a Teologia da Libertaccedilatildeo e uto-
pias Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Madri Nueva Utopia 1996 mdashmdashmdash ldquoIdolatria uma chave de leitura da economia contemporacircneardquo
In Religiatildeo ano 2000 edited by Enio J C Brito and Gilberto S Gorgulho 109ndash29 Satildeo Paulo Loyola PUC-SP 1998
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
166 Bibliography
Sung Jung Mo Desejo mercado e religiatildeo Petroacutepolis Vozes 1998 mdashmdashmdash Desire Market and Religion London SCM Press 2007 Tamez Elsa ldquoEl sujeto viviente lsquoracializadorsquo y lsquogenerizadorsquordquo Pasos 88
(MarApr 2000) 18ndash25 Touraine Alain Criacutetica da Modernidade Petroacutepolis Vozes 1994 Tu Pierre NV Dynamical Systems An Introduction with Applications
in Economics and Biology 2nd rev ed New York Springer-Verlag 1998
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
advertising see marketing aggression 126 130ndash3
135ndash6 143 Alves Rubem 32 Assmann Hugo 7 23ndash5 30 39
42ndash4 60 85ndash6 121 137 148 n 1 151 n 19
autopoiesis 4 24 42 49 see also self-organization
Barry Norman 83 99ndash100 104 111
Bauman Zygmunt 132 Betto Frei 36 156 n 29 Biology 9 24 42 73ndash6 88 90
125 Boff Clodovis 109ndash11 114 119 Boff Leonardo 25 88ndash90 92 Brazilian Society of Theology
and Religious Studies (SOTER) 9
business 12ndash13 21 75 77ndash8 95 97ndash108
business administration 13ndash16 98ndash9
business ethics 9 97ndash108
capitalism xxvindashxxvii 2 9 15 31 63ndash5 71ndash3 82 96ndash7 109ndash11 114 150 n 6 151 n 19
Capra Fritjof 73 Christianity xxiiindashxxiv 7 28 41
49 129ndash30 134ndash5 class ix xivndashxx 1 18 30 61 Comblin Joseacute 40 91ndash2 134ndash5 commodity 16 common good 78ndash9 95 111
124ndash5 157 n 29 community 47ndash9 65 84 87 110
113 143ndash4 compare system social
compassion 2 124 126 128 130 136ndash40
see also face-to-face encounter complexity xiii 2ndash4 24 43ndash4
56ndash7 105ndash6 116ndash18 121ndash2 152 n 2
see also self-organization consumer see consumption consumption xxvndashxxvii 1ndash2
15ndash16 26ndash8 34 45 80 103ndash4 131ndash2 134
Cortina Adela 101 103
Index
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
168 Index
Dalai Lama 125ndash6 137 Damaacutesio Antonio 127 Dejours Christophe 130ndash1 desire 1ndash3 15 21 23 35
53 62 79ndash80 104 140ndash5
see also mimetic desire dissipative structures 3ndash4
24 42 Dussel Enrique 18ndash19 Dyson Freeman 90
economics 2ndash3 9 12 14ndash16 19 21 73ndash80 81 85ndash6 95ndash122 151 n 19
planned economy 20 39 65 79ndash80 95
see also capitalism market neoliberalism socialism
Ecumenical Department of Research (DEI) 20 21 26 51 53 67
efficiency xvii 59ndash60 65ndash9 80 99 104 112 121
emotions 126ndash31 see also aggression compassion
fear ethical indignation 2 29ndash35
39ndash40 90ndash1 123 138 140 ethics 9 85ndash121
see also business ethics ethical indignation virtue
Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility 101ndash3
evolution 5 9 43 71ndash93 114 120 152 n 29
Exodus 41ndash2
face-to-face encounter 12ndash13 19 40 44 46ndash7
faith 4ndash6 17 81 87ndash91 93 117 fear 130ndash9 fetishism 4 19 149 n 4 freedom 40ndash1 90ndash3 139 free market see neoliberalism Friedman Milton 98 Furtado Celso 4 26
gender ix 34 56 61 65 Girard Reneacute 25ndash6 globalization 47 96 138 141 Gonzaacuteles Faus Joseacute Ignacio
113 115 Gorgulho Gilberto 19 25 Gould Stephen Jay 75 grace 12ndash13 17 21 34 40
47 50 Gramsci Antonio xi 17 Guedes Paulo 74ndash5 guilt 115ndash16 Gutieacuterrez Gustavo 30ndash1 47
Hayek Friedrich A von 26 78ndash84 89 114
Heller Agnes 38 Hinkelammert Franz 19ndash20 23
25ndash6 39 46 51ndash65 150 n 6 150 n 18 151 n 13 151 n 19 151 n 25
history 17ndash18 22 37ndash42 61 66 89 92ndash3
limits of history 2 5ndash6 35 39ndash41 67ndash8 140
Homann Karl 106ndash7 hope 1ndash7 21 92ndash3 140 143 145
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Index 169
Horkheimer Max 6 Hoyle Fred 88 human being 45ndash6 54ndash5
57ndash64 67ndash9 compare social agent subject
human condition 6 9 41 59 64 131ndash45
idolatry of the market 6ndash7 23 25 44 60 66ndash7 109 142 149 n 4 156 n 25
incarnation x 13 48 89 93 121 131 134 141
institution see system social intentionality 62 82 88
105ndash10 120 invisible hand of the market
xxviii 5 73 75 81ndash2 87 106
Jesus Christ xxiiindashxxiv 11 21 30ndash1 42 90 93 134 136 140ndash1 145
John Paul II Pope 110 Judaism xxiii 41
Kingdom of God 20 22 28 39 46 64ndash5 67ndash9 140
knowledge 6 39 72 78ndash80 137ndash8
Krugman Paul 44 73ndash4 84 96ndash7 105 111 149
labor xiiindashxxviii 98 106 110ndash11 labor division of 76 78ndash80
Left the 23 27 36 52 58 67 85ndash6
liberation 44ndash9 51 57 133 liberation theology ixndashxi 18ndash19
21ndash2 24ndash5 29ndash33 36 41 67 109 123
life 24 40 50 64 66 131ndash2
love 40ndash1 91ndash2 130 136ndash41
Loumlwy Michael 156 n 29 Luhman Niklas 149 n 13
market system 9 15ndash16 43ndash4 61ndash2 71ndash6 78ndash83 85ndash6 95ndash8 104ndash7 114ndash15 120ndash1 151 n 19 155 n 2
see also idolatry of the market neoliberalism
marketing xxvii 1 15ndash16 Marx Karl 17 38 63 66ndash7 Marxism 13 17 51 79
152 n 29 see also reign of freedom
materialism 26 Meeting of Social Scientists and
Theologians of the Problem of the Subject in the Context of Globalization 53
memory 11 123 130 Miacuteguez Neacutestor x mimetic desire 26ndash7 31 Modernity 37ndash8 58ndash9 119 144 Morin Edgar 117ndash20 Moscovici Serge 84 Moser Antonio 112ndash13 115 movement social 46 60ndash2 93
142 149 n 4 myth 4 83ndash4 134
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
170 Index
Nash Laura 100ndash1 Navarro Pablo 149 n 13 neoliberalism 5 9 20 23
26 39 44 52 61 66ndash7 71 77ndash8 81 84 119 139 142
philosophy 16ndash17 19 39 91 physics 24 36ndash7 42 48 73ndash4
88 90 Polanyi Karl 97 155 n 2 poverty 17ndash18 26 95 136
150 n 6 158 n 1 praxis (of liberation) 30ndash1 44 private property 79 108 110 projects political 20ndash1 35 39
48 52ndash3 63ndash4 66 70 providence 82ndash4 87 93
race 36ndash7 56 65 reason 7 17 19 22 28 38
59ndash60 128ndash30 utopian reason 20 52 65
reign of freedom 63ndash4 67ndash9 140
religion ix 66 83 132 134 137
responsibility (of business) social 9 98 101ndash5
Richard Pablo 20 22 Ridley Matt 75ndash7 rights 45 47 108 121 Robbins Lionel 99 155 n 7 Roman Catholic Church 12 16
22 110 130 132 Rui Manuel Graccedila das Neves
67 68
sacrifice 6ndash7 20 23 25ndash6 39 64ndash6 69 83
Samuelson Paul A 71ndash2 114 Santa Ana Juacutelio de 21ndash3 25 Segundo Juan Luis 5 24ndash5 92 self-interest 76 78 95 99
124 140 self-organization 3 5 9 24
42ndash4 71ndash4 78ndash87 97ndash100 110 114 116 119ndash22 155 n 2
self-regulation see self-organization
Sen Amartya 99 108 Serrano Augusto 55ndash7 60 67 sexuality ix 61 136 sin structural 91ndash2 109ndash16 120 Smith Adam 73 75ndash6 78
98ndash9 106ndash7 social agent 45ndash7 55 59ndash63 65
69ndash70 compare human being subject
human socialism xxiv 20 39 52 65 67
79 95ndash7 111ndash12 society
complex society see complexity macrosocial environment
see system social microsocial environment
see community Socrates 145 solidarity x xxiii 7 9 63 78
85ndash7 93 114ndash15 124ndash5 133ndash40 143ndash5
Soros George 108 Spirit 19ndash21 48 89 136 139
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
Index 171
spontaneous order see self-organization
subject human 9 44ndash8 51ndash69 118ndash19
cry of the subject 53 56 65 69 historical subject 33 35ndash9 integral subject 68ndash9 messianic subject 2 66 new subjects 32 36 56 61
65 67 subject of history 35 37ndash9 compare human being social
agent suffering 2 8 24 27ndash8 33 40
116 125ndash36 138 145 Sung Jung Mo ixndashxiii xxvndashxxvii system social 39ndash49 53ndash5
57ndash61 73 84ndash7 97ndash8 105ndash12 121 143
compare community
Tamez Elsa 56ndash7 60 67 technologies 75 96 104
111ndash12 137
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre 152 n 29
theology ix 5ndash7 11 22 25 27ndash8 see also liberation theology
Thomas Aquinas St 22 Touraine Alain 37 transcendental illusion 22 39
65 69
unintended consequences 24 43 61ndash2 78 82 105ndash9 113 116ndash20
utopia 1ndash4 20ndash2 52ndash3 63 65ndash70 142 152 n 29
utopian horizon 3ndash4 7 35 38ndash40 140
Vidal Marciano 113 115ndash16 virtue 77ndash8 112
Wallerstein Immanuel 149 n 13 wisdom 137ndash8 145
Zweig Michael xiv
