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Power ElectronicsPower Electronics
Introduction
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OutlineOutlineI.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?
II.II. The historyThe history
III.III. ApplicationsApplications
IV.IV. A simple exampleA simple example
V.V. About this courseAbout this course
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I.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?1)1) DefinitionDefinition
2)2) Relation with information electronicsRelation with information electronics
3)3) The interdisciplinary natureThe interdisciplinary nature
4)4) Position and significance in the human societyPosition and significance in the human society
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Power ElectronicsPower Electronics::
A more exact explanationA more exact explanation::
is the electronics applied to conversion and control ofelectric power.
Range of power scale :Range of power scale :milliwatts(mW) megawatts(MW) gigawatts(GW)
1)1) DefinitionDefinition
The primary task of power electronics is to process andcontrol the flow of electric energy by supplying voltagesand currents in a form that is optimally suited for userloads.
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Conversion of electricConversion of electric powerpowerOther names for electricOther names for electricpower converter:power converter:-Power converter-Converter-Switching converter-Power electronic circuit-Power electronic converter
Electric Power
Converter
PowerPoweroutputoutput
PowerPowerinputinput
Control Control inputinput
Frequency, magnitude,Frequency, magnitude,number of phasesnumber of phases
AC (Alternating Current)AC (Alternating Current)
MagnitudeMagnitudeDC(Direct Current)DC(Direct Current)
Changeable properties in Changeable properties in conversion conversion Two types of electric powerTwo types of electric power
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Classification of power convertersClassification of power converters
DC to AC converter(Inverter)
DC to DC converter (Chopper)
DC
AC to AC converter ( Fixed frequency : AC controller Variable frequency: Cycloconverter
or frequency converter)
AC to DC converter (Rectifier)
AC
ACACDCDCPower outputPower output
Power inputPower input
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Power electronic systemPower electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic systemGeneric structure of a power electronic system
Power
Converter
Power output
Power input
ControllerFeedforward Feedback
Reference
( ( measurementsmeasurementsof output signals )of output signals )
( measurementsof input signals )
Control is invariably required.Power converter along with its controller including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also called power electronic system.
Control input
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A typical power electronic systemA typical power electronic system
The task of power electronics has been recently extended to also ensuring the currents and power consumed by powerconverters and loads to meet the requirement of electric energy sources.
Electric Motorlightheatingother electric equipmentpower converter
PowerPowerConverterConverter
SourceSourcePower inputPower input Power outputPower output LoadLoad
ControllerControllerReferenceReference
Electric utilitybatteryother electric energy source power converter
Vi ii io Vo
MeasurementsMeasurements
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A Classification of electronics by processing objectA Classification of electronics by processing object2)2) Relation with information electronicsRelation with information electronics
ElectronicsElectronicsInformation electronics: to process information Information electronics: to process information
Power electronics: to process electric powerPower electronics: to process electric power
Other classifications of electronicsOther classifications of electronics
ElectronicsElectronics
Vacuum electronics: using vacuum devices,Vacuum electronics: using vacuum devices,e.g, vacuum tubes devicese.g, vacuum tubes devices
Solid (Solid state) electronics: using solid state devices,Solid (Solid state) electronics: using solid state devices,e.g, semiconductor devicese.g, semiconductor devices
ElectronicsElectronics
Applied electronics: application of electronicApplied electronics: application of electronicdevices to various areas devices to various areas
Physical electronics: physics,material,fabrication, Physical electronics: physics,material,fabrication, and manufacturing of electroniand manufacturing of electroniccdevicesdevices
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3)3) The interdisciplinary natureThe interdisciplinary natureWilliam E. NewellWilliam E. Newell’’s descriptions description
Electronics
Devic
es,c
ircui
ts Power
Static & rotating
power equipment
PowerElectronics
Continuous, Continuous, discretediscrete
Control
Power electronics is the interface betweenPower electronics is the interface between
electronics and power.electronics and power.
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Relation with multiple disciplines Relation with multiple disciplines
Power electronics is currently the most active Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering. discipline in electric power engineering.
PowerPowerelectronicselectronics
Systems & Systems & Control theoryControl theory
Circuit Circuit theorytheory
Signal Signal processing processing
Simulation & Simulation & computingcomputing
ElectronicsElectronics
Solid state Solid state physicsphysics
ElectromagneticsElectromagnetics
Power Power systemssystems
Electric Electric machinesmachines
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4)4) Position and significance Position and significance in the human society in the human society
Electric power is used in almost every part and everywhere of Electric power is used in almost every part and everywhere of modern human society.modern human society.
Electric power is the major form of energy source used in Electric power is the major form of energy source used in modern human society.modern human society.
The objective of power electronics is right on how to use The objective of power electronics is right on how to use electric power, and how to use it effectively and efficiently, aelectric power, and how to use it effectively and efficiently, and nd how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power.how to improve the quality and utilization of electric power.
Power electronics and information electronics make two poles Power electronics and information electronics make two poles of modern technology and human society: information of modern technology and human society: information electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.electronics is the brain,and power electronics is the muscle.
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II.II. The historyThe history
The thread of the power electronics history is the breakThe thread of the power electronics history is the break--through through and evolution of power electronic devicesand evolution of power electronic devices
late 1980slate 1980smid 1970smid 1970s1957195719001900
Mercury arc rectifier Mercury arc rectifier VacuumVacuum--tube rectifier tube rectifier
ThyratronThyratron
Invention of Invention of Thyristor
Power diode Power diode ThyristorThyristor
ApplicaApplication of ion of fastfast--switching switching fullyfully--controlled controlled semiconductor semiconductor devicesdevices GTOGTO
GTRGTRPower MOSFET Power MOSFET
ThyristorThyristor(microprocessor)(microprocessor)
IGBTIGBTPower MOSFETPower MOSFET
ThyristorThyristor(DSP)(DSP)
PrePre--historyhistory 1st phase1st phase 2nd phase2nd phase 33rd phaserd phase
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III.III. ApplicationsApplications
IndustrialIndustrial
TransportationTransportation
Utility systemsUtility systems
Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipmentPower supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment
Residential and home appliancesResidential and home appliances
Space technologySpace technology
Other applicationsOther applications
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Industrial applicationsIndustrial applications
Motor drivesMotor drives
ElectrolysisElectrolysis
ElectroplatingElectroplating
Induction heatingInduction heating
WeldingWelding
Arc furnaces and ovensArc furnaces and ovens
LightingLighting
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Transportation applicationsTransportation applications
Trains & locomotivesTrains & locomotives
SubwaysSubways
Trolley busesTrolley buses
Magnetic levitationMagnetic levitation
Electric vehiclesElectric vehicles
Automotive electronicsAutomotive electronics
Ship power systemsShip power systems
Aircraft power systemsAircraft power systems
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Utility systems applicationsUtility systems applications
HighHigh--voltage dc transmission(HVDC)voltage dc transmission(HVDC)
Flexible ac transmission(FACTS)Flexible ac transmission(FACTS)
Static Static varvar compensation & harmonics compensation & harmonics
suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APFsuppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APF
Custom power & power quality controlCustom power & power quality control
Supplemental energy sources :Supplemental energy sources :
wind, photovoltaic, fuel cellswind, photovoltaic, fuel cells
Energy storage systemsEnergy storage systems
HVDCHVDC
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Power supplies for electronic equipmentPower supplies for electronic equipment
TelecommunicationsTelecommunications
ComputersComputers
Office equipmentOffice equipment
Electronic instrumentsElectronic instruments
Portable or mobile Portable or mobile electronicselectronics
serverserver computercomputer
TelecommunicationTelecommunication
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Residential and home appliancesResidential and home appliances
LightingLighting
HeatingHeating
Air conditioningAir conditioning
Refrigeration & freezersRefrigeration & freezers
CookingCooking
CleaningCleaning
EntertainingEntertaining
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Applications in space technologyApplications in space technology
Spaceship power systemsSpaceship power systems
Satellite power systemsSatellite power systems
Space vehicle power Space vehicle power systemssystems
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Other applicationsOther applicationsNuclear reactor controlNuclear reactor control
Power systems for Power systems for particle acceleratorsparticle accelerators
Environmental Environmental engineeringengineering
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TrendsTrendsIt is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used.
reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution
reduction of pollution produced by power converters
direct applications to environment protection technology
Power electronics has been making major contributions to:--better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment
--energy saving
--environment protection
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IV.IV. A simple exampleA simple exampleA simple dcA simple dc--dc converter exampledc converter example
Input source:100VInput source:100V
Output load:50V, 10A, 500WOutput load:50V, 10A, 500W
How can this converter be realized?How can this converter be realized?
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Dissipative realizationDissipative realization
Resistive voltage dividerResistive voltage divider
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Dissipative realizationDissipative realizationSeries pass regulator:Series pass regulator:
transistor operates in active regiontransistor operates in active region
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Use of a SPDT switchUse of a SPDT switch
SPDT: Single pole double throwSPDT: Single pole double throw
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The switch changes the dc The switch changes the dc voltage levelvoltage level
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Addition of low pass filterAddition of low pass filterAddition of (ideally lossless) LAddition of (ideally lossless) L--C lowC low--pass filter, for pass filter, for removal of switching harmonics:removal of switching harmonics:
Choose filter cutoff frequency Choose filter cutoff frequency ff0 0 much smaller than much smaller than switching frequency switching frequency ffss
This circuit is known as the This circuit is known as the ““buck converterbuck converter””
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Addition of control system for Addition of control system for regulation of output voltageregulation of output voltage
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Major issues in power electronicsMajor issues in power electronicsHow to meet the requirement of the load or gain better How to meet the requirement of the load or gain better control of the loadcontrol of the load
How to improve the efficiency How to improve the efficiency ----for reliable operation of power semiconductor for reliable operation of power semiconductor
devices devices ----for energy savingfor energy saving
How to realize power conversion with less volume, less How to realize power conversion with less volume, less weight, and less costweight, and less cost
How to reduce negative influence to other equipment in How to reduce negative influence to other equipment in the electric power system and to the electromagnetic the electric power system and to the electromagnetic environmentenvironment
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V.V. About this courseAbout this courseThree parts of the contentThree parts of the content
Relation with other coursesRelation with other courses
PowerPowerelectronicselectronics
FundamentalsFundamentalsof analog / digitalof analog / digital
electronicselectronics
PrePre--requisite courserequisite course
Control systemsControl systemsfor electric for electric
drivesdrives
Continuing courseContinuing course
Power electronic devices: Chapter 1Power electronic devices: Chapter 1
Power electronic circuits: Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 8Power electronic circuits: Chapter 2, 3, 4, 5, 8
Control techniques: Chapter 6 and 7Control techniques: Chapter 6 and 7
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ArrangementArrangementText booksText books-- 王兆安，黄俊《电力电子技术》王兆安，黄俊《电力电子技术》 北京：机械工业出版社，北京：机械工业出版社，20002000
-- Jai P. Jai P. AgrawalAgrawal. Power electronic systems : theory and design. Power electronic systems : theory and designBeijing : Beijing : TsinghuaTsinghua University University PresiPresi , 2001, 2001
LecturesLectures-- 48 hours , all in English48 hours , all in English-- AfterAfter--class reading in Chinese and English will be assigned.class reading in Chinese and English will be assigned.
Labs Labs -- 8 hours, 5 projects8 hours, 5 projects
