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Introduction. System Administrator?. 系統管理員 不只是IT 管理別人/大家使用的系統 http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/27/1040511172494.html. 工作內容. 裝機設定/更新 讓機器 /系統不要掛 找問題 引進並整合新科技 寫文件 未雨綢繆 - 防災演練 資 訊 安 全. 工作需求. 能力傾向 (aptitude) 快速上手複雜的東西 掌握東西如何運作 小心行事 把東西搞爆了可以很快救回來 溝通技巧 品德操守. 參考資料. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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System Administrator?
• 系統管理員• 不只是 IT
• 管理別人 / 大家使用的系統• http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/12/27/1040511172494.h
tml
參考資料• Unix and Linux System Administration Handbook
• Essential System Administration (O'Reilly)
• http://people.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~huanghs/course/sysadm2011/
• http://www.washington.edu/R870/ ( 有點舊 )
• 我們絕對講不完 !!
BSD
• FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, ....
• Developed by Berkeley(B -> Berkeley)
• Kernel + base + boot loader + ....
• Ports/Packages
Linux
• Kernel
• Distributionso Debian/Ubuntuo Redhat/CentOS/Fedorao SUSEo Slackwareo Gentoo
• Mostly packages
Root is God
• Root can do anythingo Almighty
• Root can do anythingo Protect it wello Be careful what you doo Always logouto Never login as root
Everything is a file
• Typeso Regularo Directorieso Linkso Specials (devices)o Socketso Pipes
• Similar interface for everything
File System Structure
• / Root
• /home User homes
• /dev Device files
• /bin Basic programs
• /lib* Basic libraries
• /sbin Basic system programs
• /usr Programs/libraries
• /var System data storage
• /proc Process states
• /sys System states
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard
File Permissions
• rwx Octal (八進位 )
• r - 4 - read
• w - 2 - write
• x - 1 - execute / search
rwx = 4+2+1 = 7r-x = 4+1 = 5
Path vs Inode
• Pathpoint in FS to access file
• Inode actual file
• Multiple paths can point to same fileo Hard linko Share metadata
man
• Manual
• Manpages notated as cp(1)
• 1 is section
## Lookup “cp”$ man cp
## to be precise$ man 1 cp
## to search for “XXX”$ man -k XXX
sudo
• Switch user and do something
• More controlled
• Enter your password
$ sudo lsEnter your passwordrun "ls" as root
find
• find something
$ find /home -name wens## search for file "wens" under /home
$ find /home -exec ls -l {} \;## search for files in /home and run ls -l {file} for each one
grep
• Look for lines in files containing a pattern
• Regular expressions!
$ grep printf *.c## look for lines in all .c files with printf
du
• Disk Usage
• How much space is something using?
$ du hello.c## How large is hello.c
$ du ~## How large are the files in my home?
$ du -s ~## How large (total) is my home?
Vim key commands
• d - delete from here to...
• c - change from here to...
• x - delete 1 (delete key)
• X - delete 1 (backspace)
• y - copy from here to...
• p - paste here
• P - paste before here
• r - replace
• dd - delete line
• yy - copy line
• /XXX - search for XXX
Vim commands
• :e xxx - open xxx
• :e! xxx - open xxx without saving
• :w - save
• :w xxx - save as xxx
• :q - quit
• :q! - quit without saving
Combine!
• :wq - save and quit