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Basictobioreactor
KianMauGOH,PhD
FacultyofBiosciencesandBioengineeringh=p://teknologimalaysia.academia.edu/GohKianMau/CurriculumVitae
IntroducGontoBioprocessEngineeringSQBI2513
SuggestedReferences:• Chapter5‐Introduc7ontoBiochemicalEngineering.
• BioprocessEngineering.Shuler.(9.1,9.2,9.3,9.5,15.4.1,10.4)
• BioprocessEngineeringPrinciples.PaulineM.Doran.(P248.3B561995)
• Opera7onmodesofbioreactors.(TP.248.25.B55O631992)
• BioreactorDesignandproductyield(TP248.25B55B561992).
Whatisbioreactor?
• Thebioreactor=avesselwherebiological/biochemicalreacGontakesplace
• bioreactor≅biochemicalreactor≅biologicalreactor≅fermenter≅microbialreactor.
Theuseofbioreactor
Cells E____e
Freecell Immobilizecell
Aeroboranaerob
Free Immobilize
Wetordry
Part Func*on
SGrrer/impeller
sparger
motor
jacket
Airinletfilter
Exhaustairport
Exhaustairfilter
Inoculumport
anGfoam
Samplingport
Coldwater
Flowmeter
PartsandfuncGons
Monitoringinbioreactor• Monitoring=useofdevicetoobservesomething.
• Parametersusuallybeenmonitored:– Temperature– ConcentraGon– Pressure– pH– Dissolvedoxygen– ProducGonofbioproduct– Cellgrowth
Basicknowledge
• Only70‐80%ofthevolumeofbatchreactorsisfilledwithliquid;– thisallowsadequateheadspacefordisengagement(breakingoff)ofdropletsfromtheexhaustgasandtoaccommodateanyfoamwhichmaydevelop.
• Formingcanbesolvedby:– Installfoambreaker– AddanGform
Batchbioreactor‐idealmixing
What is ideal?
Batchbioreactor‐idealmixing
• Idealwell‐mixedbioreactor=– fluidishomogeneousthroughthereactor.
• Homogeneous=– nodeadzones– Noclumpsofundissolvedsolidsubstrate
– noconcentraGongradients.
FementaGon/cellculturemode
10
Batch Fed‐batch Con*nuous
Please name the differences?
Batchbioreactor
• AgerinoculaGon,theprocessisleguntouched,ienomaterialisaddedtoorremovedfromthereactor.
• However,thereactormightbeaerated.
• Batchreactorsareogenreferredtoasclosedsystems.
• Theterm'closed'referstothefactthatmaterialcanneitherenternorleavethereactor.(excepGonal:airinandairout)
Fed‐batchbioreactor
• Thefed‐batchreacGon(FBR)isabatchreactortowhich,whenthenutrientsapproachdepleGon,freshnutrientsareadded.
• Inotherwords,thereactorisfed.
• ItisassumedthattheconcentraGonofthenutrientsaddedissohighthatvolumechangesarenegligible(jusGfyingthebatchpartofthename).
Engineeringproblem
• SomeGmeasGrredtankcannotbeusedincertainapplicaGon.
• Therefore,somenewdesignshavebeenproposedanddesignedbasedonindividualneeds.
13
AlternaGvedesign• Bubblecolumn• Airligreactor• Membranebioreactor
• Immobilizedbioreactor
• Fluidizedbioreactor• Trickle‐bedreactor• Wavebioreactor
• Photobioreactor• SolidstatefermentaGon 14
Bubblecolumn
• NOmechanicalagitaGon.• AeraGonandmixingareachievedbygassparging
• requireslessenergythanmechanicalsGrring.
• Height‐to‐diameterraGoisusuallyhigh(why?)
Brainstorming
• Isthemixinginbubblecolumn– Random?Why?
– Nonrandom?Why?
16
Airligbioreactor
• TheirdisGnguishingfeaturecomparedwiththebubblecolumnisthatofliquidflowaremoredefinedowingtothephysicalseparaGonofup‐flowinganddown‐flowingstreams.
• gasisspargedintoapartofthevesselsecGoncalledtheriser.
• Gasdisengagesatthetopofthevesselleavingheavierbubble‐freeliquidtorecirculatethroughthedowncomer.
• Liquidcirculatesinairligreactorsasaresultof
Fluidizedbedbioreactor
• Normallythevesselisnotfullypackedwiththebeadfortheexpansionandmovementofthebed.
• Whenpackedbedsareoperatedinupflowmodewithbeadsofappropriatesizeanddensity,thebedexpandsatliquidflowratesduetoupwardmoGonoftheparGcles.
• BecauseparGclesinfluidizedbedsareinconstantmoGon,channelingandcloggingofthebedareavoidedandaircanbeintroduceddirectlyintothecolumn.
Trinkle‐bedbioreactor
• Trickle‐bedreactorisanothervariaGonofthepackedbed.
• Liquidissprayedontothetopofpackingandtricklesdownthroughthebedinsmallrivulets.
• Airmaybeintroducedatthebase.Trickle‐bed‐bioreactorsareusedwidelyforaerobicwastewatertreatment.
Wavebioreactor
• Disposable reactor • Normally for mammalian cell-culture
20
Photobioreactor
• Lately developed for microalgae
21
Membranebioreactor(MBR)
• InamembranereactorconGnuousprocessingispossibleifproducGonandseparaGoncanbeincorporatedinonesystem.
• OneapplicaGonofthemembranebioreactoristoremoveproductthatisformed,especiallyforthosethatcaninhibittheenzymereacGon.