Technical Meeting to Examine the Techno-Economics of and

Opportunities for Non-Electric Applications of Small and Medium Sized

or Modular Reactors

Vienna 29-31 May 2017

Introducing SMR in Libya as

future prospects of

nuclear cogeneration Fatma Ghangir

Libyan Atomic Energy Establishment, Tripoli - Libya

30/05/2017 Introducing SMR in Libya

Outline

• General information,

• Libyan Nuclear Programme,

• National infrastructure for 1st nuclear power plant,

• SMR in Libya as future prospects,

• Reactor Technology Assessment Process,

• Conclusion

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2

General information

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3

Area : 1.8 Million km2 Population(106): 6.423 Urban Population: (85%) 5.459 Rural Population: (15%) 0.963

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FACTS

Libya is an oil exporter country, and it is hoping

to reduce it’s dependency on oil and to increase

investments on the other sectors

It is also attempting to position itself as a key

economic intermediary between Europe and

Africa.

Brief History of Libyan Nuclear Program

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1977

• Signing

TNRC

construction

contract

• Signing NPP

construction

contract

1980

• Critical

Assembly

commissioning

1978

• Start of TNRC

construction,

• Establishing

The Faculty

of Nuclear

Engineering

(University of

Tripoli)

1983

• Reactor Power

start up,

• RO desalination

plant with

capacity of

10,000 m3/day

1986

• NPP Program

stopped

2008

• Re-establishing

of the LAEE

Libyan Nuclear Programme

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6

7

Prim- Minister

Libyan Atomic Energy Establishment, LAEE

LAEE Nuclear Regulatory

Office

Legal Affair

office

Fuel and Radioactive

Waste Department Nuclear Energy

Department

Human Resource

Development

Department

Technical Affair

Office

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LAEE

Legal, regulatory

and legislative

aspects

national infrastructure

Economics Public

acceptance

Nuclear power

Technology

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8

The Role of the LAEE

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9

Tajoura Nuclear Research Center (TNRC)

Main Facilities of TNRC

10 MW, pool type reactor (TR1)

used for basic research and a

critical facility (100 W), which is

a mackup of the reactor used

mainly for training purposes and

teaching.

Core was converted from HEU

fuel to LEU fuel in Oct. 2006.

The Nuclear Regulatory Office (NRO) was

established in 2008 as one of the departments of

the Libyan Atomic Energy Establishment

(LAEE).

The NRO is the national regulatory authority

responsible for the regulatory control of all

facilities and activities within the country,

including Radiation Sources and devices used in

medical, industrial, and research applications.

The Nuclear Regulatory Office

(NRO)

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Introducing SMR in Libya

The draft covers all the relevant aspects which include

the following:

Establishing an independent Regulatory Authority,

Nuclear installations,

Facilities and activities,

Radiation safety,

Nuclear Safety and security,

Transport Safety,

Radioactive waste management,

Emergency preparedness and response.

The Libyan Nuclear Law

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11

Introducing SMR in Libya

NPP Activities (1975-1984)

o Russia and Libya signed a contract in 1975 to build a Nuclear Power Plant,

o A feasibility study was conducted to build a dual purposes NPP with twin VVER-440 reactors,

o Belgo-nuclaire consulting firm was hired to review and assess the documents and reports submitted by the Atomenergoexport,

o A site was selected and detailed studies were conducted.

12

Preliminary Consideration On

NPP Programme

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Activities Between 2008-2010

o NPP suppliers were invited to present their

technologies (AREVA, KEPCO,

ATOMSTROYEXPORT),

o Agreements of peaceful uses of nuclear energy

with France, Russia, Ukraine, Argentine were

signed,

o A draft of the National Nuclear Law submitted for

review and approval. 13

Preliminary Consideration On

NPP Programme

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National

infrastructure for

1st Nuclear Power

Plant

Introducing SMR in Libya 30/05/2017

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15

National infrastructure for 1st Nuclear Power Plant

In 2014, the LAEE assigned five groups to carry out infrastructure

assessment for the first NPP in Libya

• Funding and financing, Industrial involvement, Human resources development, Procurement.

• Environmental protection, Radiation protection, Emergency planning, Site and supporting facilities, Security and physical protection.

The Environmental impact Assessment, site and supporting

facilities group

• Electrical grid. Electrical grid and Energy mix group.

• Nuclear safety, Reactor Technology Assessment, Nuclear fuel cycle, Radioactive waste.

Reactor Technology Assessment (RTA), safety and fuel cycle

group.

• National position, Management, Stakeholder involvement, Legislative framework, Safeguard Regulatory framework.

Regulatory and Legislative group.

National infrastructure for 1st Nuclear Power Plant

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Regional Connection

Tunisia

Existing 220kV

Libya Egypt 240

MW

350 MW 280 MW

(GECOL,2012)

Generation from

Turbine Types

Electrical grid and Energy mix group

(GECOL,2012)

Steam

25%

Large Gas

27%

C. Cycle

Steam

35%

C. Cycle

Gas

11%

Small Gas

2%

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89 KM

Lines in Operation

Lines Under Construction

Al-Beida

Benghazi North

Hoon

Misurata

Bani Walid

Ghdames

Al-Rowais

Tubrok

Sabha

Abu-Arqub

Al-Tabbah

GMMR

Al-Khoms

Ejdabia Ras Lanuf

Sirte

Benghazi

West

Eg

yp

t

Bir Al-Usta Milad

Zawia

Al-Sarir

Al-

Gwarsha Benghazi

South

Tripoli South

Sidi Bannur T

un

isia

Bumba Gulf

Surman south

Tripoli west

Lines Contracted and Under Contracted

Substations in Operation (14)

Substations Under Construction (8)

Substations Under Contracted (7)

Misurata

East

Millitah

The Environmental impact Assessment, site

and supporting facilities group

19

Introducing SMR in Libya 30/05/2017

Site Features:

Easy Access.

Low Population Area.

Close to the Sea.

Stable Sea Shore.

Low Seismic Activity.

Easy connection to the

grid.

Siting activities

20

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The first site review for NPP was conducted by the

Atomenergoexport of Russia during the period 1978-

1981.

A site in the Sirt area was selected and site studies

had been conducted.

The proposed site (Sultan), lays in the gulf of Sedra

region, close to the see shore, about 107 Km. east of

the city of Sirt.

This site is 4 km long and 3 km wide and rises about

10-14 m above sea level.

Siting activities

21

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Reactor Technology Assessment

(RTA), safety and fuel cycle group.

• Reactor technologies,

• Fuel cycle,

• Radioactive waste,

• Safety,

• NSSS & BOP,

• CSS & electricity.

RTA team

Design Country

AP1000 USA

CPR 1000 China

EPR France

VVER1200 Russia

EC6 Canada

APR 1400 Korea

ATEAM1 France

22

6 countries,

7 NPP (PWR)

Introducing SMR in Libya 30/05/2017

SMR in Libya as

future prospects

of nuclear

cogeneration

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Why SMR?

• Cheaper than NPP,

• Easy to remote.

Why non-electric applications?

o Libya is a dry country and there is a shortage

of water.

o The main source of water is ground water,

which is limited and over exploited.

o Since mid seventies, alternative resources

such as sea water desalination was seriously

considered

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Desalination 20%

Ground water

GMMR

SMR in Libya as future prospects

of nuclear cogeneration

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0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

Cap

acit

y, m

3/d

ay

The total capacity of the operable desalination

plants is about 400,000 m3/day. The average unit cost of

desalted water is 2.69 $/m3

Desalination plants in Libya

MSF 62%

MED 9.2%

RO 19.6%

ED 9.2%

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Acronym Full name Design Org. Coolant &

Moderator Design Status Country

Type

CAREM-25 Central Argentina de

Elementos Modulares CNEA Light Water

Under

construction Argentina iPWR

IMR Integrated Modular

Water Reactor Mitsubishi Light Water Under Design Japan iPWR

ACP-100 ACP-100 CNNC Light Water Under Design China iPWR

IRIS IRIS International

Consortium Light Water Basic Design

International

Consortium iPWR

KLT-40S KLT-40S OKBM Light Water Construction Russia PWR

NuScale

NuScale Power

Modular and Scalable

Reactor

NuScale Power

Inc. Light Water Under Design USA iPWR

SMART

System-Integrated

Modular Advanced

Reactor

KAERI Light Water Licensed Rep. of Korea iPWR

VBER-300 VBER-300 OKBM Light Water Under Design Russia PWR

mPower

mPower and

its affiliates

Babcock &

Wilcox mPower

Light Water Basic Design USA iPWR

Westinghouse

SMR Westinghouse Light Water

Preliminary

design completed USA iPWR

Technology Assessment and Selection Process, SMR designs for non-electrical applications

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28 Advanced Reactors Information System(ARIS)

Acronym

Electrical

Capacity

(MW(e))

Capacity

Factor (%)

Design

Life

(years)

Fuel Cycle

(months)

Primary

Circulation

# of

Safety

Trains

CAREM-25 27 90 60 14 Natural 2

IMR 350 87 60 42 Natural

ACP-100 100 95 60 24 Forced 2

IRIS 335 96 60 48 Forced 4

KLT-40S 35 70 40 28 Forced 2

NuScale 45 95 60 24 Natural 2

SMART 100 95 60 36 Forced 4

VBER-300 325 90 60 72 Forced 2

mPower 180 90 60 48 Forced 2

Westinghouse

SMR 225 95 60 24 Forced 3

Industrial involvement and Human Resource

development group. 15%

The Environmental impact Assessment, site and supporting

facilities group 25%

Electrical grid and Energy mix group. 10%

Reactor Technology Assessment

(RTA), safety and fuel cycle group.

30%

Regulatory and legislative group. 20%

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Weighting factor

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

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Team work Wg

%

Key element

Wi

%

Key feature Wij

%

The Environmental

impact Assessment,

site and supporting

facilities group

25%

Site

consideration

40

Ambient site environmental conditions and ecology,

including seismic, flooding, wetlands, ecology,

population density

25

Heat sink temperature, condenser cooling water source

and extent of water resources

25

Magnitude and frequency of all external events (design

and safety considerations)

15

Site size requirements, boundary conditions, population,

neighbours and environs

8

Transportation routes/facilities and access to required

infrastructure for construction and operation

8

Site development and preparation requirements 8

Site structure plan; single- or multi-unit site

requirements

12

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

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Team work Wg

%

Key element

Wi

%

Key feature Wij

%

The Environmental

impact Assessment,

site and supporting

facilities group

25%

RADIAT ION

PROTECTION

35

Separation of clean and radiation areas; radiation area

zoning in the design plan

11

ALARA and radiation protection procedures, shielding

and radiation monitoring implementation in

design

17

Procedures and shielding required for exposure

reduction during operation, refuelling and

maintenance

14

Remote maintenance equipment design and usage 10

Access control and layout design criteria 9

Estimated total annual site personnel dose exposure 9

Personnel exposure estimates during operations,

refuelling and maintenance activities

10

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

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Team work Wg

%

Key element

Wi

%

Key feature Wij

%

The Environmental

impact Assessment,

site and supporting

facilities group

25%

ENVIRONME

NTAL IMPACT

25

Impact projections considering water usage, ambient,

wildlife and visual effects

55

Impacts on wetland and natural terrain 15

Radiological releases to the environment (normal

operation and accident)

20

Effect on local industry and economy 10

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

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Team work Wg

%

Key element

Wi

%

Key feature Wij

%

Reactor Technology

Assessment

(RTA), safety and fuel

cycle group.

30%

Nuclear plant

safety

30

Technical

characteristics

and

performance

25

Unit size 12

Plant lifetime 12

Proven technology 12

Standardization 10

Simplification 10

Operability, inspectability, maintainability, reliability 12

Plant availability and capacity factors 12

Manoeuvrability (renewables impact) 10

Major systems and components evaluations 10

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

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???

C

A B

Candidate Technology Rating = Σ Wg Σ ( Wi Σ Wij Score ij) , g i j Where, Wg : Specific group weighting factor, Wi : Key element weighting factor, Wij : Key feature weighting factor, Score ij : rank (1-5)

Technology Assessment and Selection Process Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

• SMR can be introduced to Libya as a new prospects of

nuclear cogeneration,

• Technology Assessment is a valuable and useful method

to choose reactor technology,

• Libya has a previous experience with desalination plants,

which will help with nuclear cogeneration.

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Conclusion

30/05/2017 Introducing SMR in Libya

Thanks for your attention!