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IEC 61439
An introduction 28 March 2012
By Craig McKee
Technical Manager
We recommend that you purchase your relevant national
standard, or the International Standard which is available
directly from the IEC.
This training expresses the interpretation and opinions of 3 Phase Design
•Part 1: General Rules
•Part 2: PSC – Assemblies
•Part 3: Distribution boards
•Part 4: Assemblies for Construction Sites (not launched)
•Part 5: Assemblies for power distribution
•Part 6: Busbar trunking systems (pre release available)
•Part 7: Assemblies for use in marinas and similar locations, camping
sites and similar locations, market squares and other similar
external public sites (not launched)
IEC 61439:- The Series
•Part 1: General Rules
•Part 2: PSC – Assemblies
•Part 3: Distribution boards
•Part 4: Assemblies for Construction Sites
•Part 5: Assemblies for power distribution
•Part 6: Busbar trunking systems
•Part 7: Assemblies for use in marinas and similar locations, camping
sites and similar locations, market squares and other similar external
public sites
IEC 61439:- The Series
General Rules
Cross referenced by all other parts of the series.
Does not need to be specified, compliance to one of the other
parts of the standard automatically determines its compliance.
61439-Part 1 Edition 2 - 2011
Power Switchgear and Controlgear Assemblies.
“low – voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly used
to distribute and control energy for all types of loads,
intended for industrial, commercial and similar applications
operated by skilled or instructed persons”
61439-Part 2 Edition 2 - 2011
Enclosure
Earth Bar (protective conductor)
Incoming Device
• Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)
• Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
• Isolator
Busbars
• Main
• Distribution
Outgoing Devices
• Circuit Breakers (MCB, MCCB)
• Fused Isolators
• Additional power circuits
Auxiliary circuits (controls)
What is an assembly?
Design Verification
Performed on representative samples and designs
Routine Verification
Performed on every supplied assembly – by checking against Design Verification
Complying with the standard
The Standard recognises that there maybe more than one
company responsible for the verification of the final assembly.
• Original Manufacturer
• Assembly Manufacturer
Who is responsible for verification?
•Design Production
•Design Verification (By Test)
Original Manufacturer
•Manufacture to Design
•Design Verification
•Routine Verification
Original & Assembly
Manufacturer
•Manufacture to Design
•Routine Verification
Assembly Manufacturer
Who is responsible for verification?
•Verification by test
•Verification by Comparison with a reference design
•Verification by Assessment
Not all characteristics can be verified by each of the above in all
circumstances.
Table D. 1. For example, Lifting can only be verified by test
Achieving design verification
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
• Protection against corrosion
• Properties of insulating materials
• Normal heat
• Abnormal heat
• Resistance to UV radiation
• Lifting
• Mechanical strength
• Marking
Strength of Materials & Parts
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Degree of protection of enclosures
Design verification characteristics
IEC 61439 clarifies that there is a difference between
Constructional Requirements and internal separation.
Form of separation does not specify the construction
If each functional unit is to be contained in its own
compartment – That is what should be stated.
Internal separation of assemblies
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Assemblies are now rated for there operational current and each
circuits is also assigned a rating.
Rated current
• Of a circuit (Inc)
• Of the Assembly (InA)
Temperature rise limits
There are 3 options to achieving the assembly rating by test:
•Verification by test option a: (10.10.2.3.5)
•Verification by test option b: (10.10.2.3.6)
•Verification by test option c: (10.10.2.3.7)
Temperature Rise InA
•Device to IEC 60947
Temperature Rise Inc
•Device to IEC 60947
•Mounted in enclosure
Temperature Rise Inc
•Device to IEC 60947
•Mounted in enclosure
•Circuit reaches limits at <100%
Temperature Rise Inc
XX Amps
•Device to IEC 60947
•Mounted in enclosure
•Circuit reaches limits at <100%
•Disclosed rating Inc = XX Amps
•This rating is the MAXIMUM allowable current for that circuit design
Temperature Rise Inc
•The RDF may only be applied to outgoing circuits, there can be
more than one RDF applied within a single assembly.
•The RDF is applied to the Inc rating
•The RDF shall not be applied to incoming circuits or the busbars
Rated Diversity Factor
Temperature Rise Test Connections
Image taken at
As well as verification by test there are other methods of verification:
Derivation of ratings for similar values
This can only be performed from a tested design
Assessment – based on design rules.
This can only be done on single compartment assemblies below 630Amps
Assessment – based on design rules and IEC 60890
On a single or multiple compartment assembly below 1600A
Temperature rise limits
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Short circuit tests
• (Icw) Withstand test on main incoming device & busbar system
• (Icc) Short circuit test on both incoming and outgoing devices
• (Icc) Phase to Earth short circuit on outgoing devices
Short circuit withstand strength
Short Circuit Test Connections
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
Construction
•Strength of materials and parts
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Temperature rise limits
•Short circuit withstand strength
•Electromagnetic compatibility
•Mechanical operation
Design verification characteristics
On successful completion of the above design verifications the
original manufacturer will be issued with a certificate.
But that is not the end of the story…
Design verification characteristics
...every assembly is required to pass through a routine
verification process.
This process ensures that all production assemblies are still in
compliance to the design verified assembly that was certified,
with any modifications being accounted for.
Routine verification requirements
Construction
•Degree of protection of enclosures
•Clearances and creepage distances
•Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits
•Incorporation of switching devices and components
•Internal electrical circuits and connections
•Terminals for external conductors
•Mechanical Operation
Performance
•Dielectric properties
•Wiring, operational performance and function
Routine verification characteristics
Routine verification characteristics
Why does a manufacturer need to carry out routine verification?
• Ensure the equipment remains compliant with IEC 61439
• Reduces the risk of failure on production assemblies
• Puts the onus onto the manufacturer for continued quality
As a customer what should I ask for?
• An inspection of the complete design verification document
• A list of any deviations from the verified assembly
• A copy of the routine verification checklist with your delivery
Complying with the standard
Design Verification
Performed on representative samples and designs
Routine Verification
Performed on every supplied assembly – by checking against Design Verification
If you have any further questions:
www.3phasedesign.com
www.IEC61439.com
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Thank you for your time