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8/8/2019 Intro to Research Lesson 3 - Research Variables
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
A variable represents a class of
outcomes that can take on more thanone values. The more precisely that a variable is
measured, the more useful the
measurement is.Variables that go by the same name orcategory can take on different values.
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe difference between two groups of adults on how well theycan remember a set of 10 single digits after a 5-hour period.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- Represents themeasure that
reflects the outcome
of the researchstudy
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe effect of parental involvement in school on childrensgrade.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- Represents themeasure that
reflects the outcome
of the researchstudy
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe effectiveness of 3 different reading programs on childrensreading skills.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
- A variable that ismanipulated to
examine its impact
on the dependentvariable.
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe relationship between reading speed and readingcomprehension
CONTROL VARIABLE
- A variable that hasa potential influence
on the dependentvariable.
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe effects of television watching on achievement
EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE
- A variable that hasunpredictable
impact on thedependent variable.
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RESEARCH VARIABLES
EXAMPLEThe relationship between crime rate and ice creamconsumption.
MODERATOR VARIABLE
- A variable that masksthe true relationship
between the
dependent &independent variable
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDRELATED STUDIES
RELATED LITERATUREComposed of discussions offacts and principles to which
the present study is related.These materials are usuallyprinted and found in books,encyclopedias, professional
journals, magazines,
newspapers and otherpublications.Classified as either LOCAL or
FOREIGN.
RELATED STUDIESComposed of studies,
inquiries or investigations
already conducted to which thepresent study is related or has
some bearing or similarity.They are usually unpublishedmaterials such as manuscripts,
theses, and dissertations.Classified as either LOCAL or
FOREIGN.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDRELATED STUDIES
PURPOSES, IMPORTANCEAND FUNCTIONS
1. They help or guide theresearcher in searching for or
selecting a better researchproblem or topic.
2. They help the researcherunderstand his topic forresearch better.
3. They ensure that there will be
no duplication of other studies.4. They help guide the researcher
in locating more sources ofrelated information.
5. They guide the researcher inmaking the research designespecially ina. the formulation of specific
questionsb. the formulation of hypothesesc. the formulation of conceptual
frameworkd. the selection and application of
research methodse. the selection and application of
sampling techniquesf. the preparation and validation of
research instrumentsg. the selection and application of
statistical procedures
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ANDRELATED STUDIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGOOD RRL AND RRS
1. The surveyed materials mustbe as recent as possible.
2. Materials to be reviewed mustbe objective and unbiased.
3. Materials surveyed must berelevant to the study.
4. Surveyed materials must havebeen based upon genuinely
original and true facts to makethem valid and reliable.
5. Reviewed materials must notbe too few nor too many.
SOURCES OF RELATEDLITERATURE AND STUDIES Books, encyclopedias, almanacsand other similar references
Articles published inprofessional journals, magazines,periodicals, newspapers, and otherpublicationsManuscripts, monographs,memoirs, speeches, letters and
diaries Unpublished thesis anddissertations The Constitution, laws andstatutes of the land
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FORMULATION OFCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework is a tentative explanationor theoretical explanation of the phenomenon or
problem and serves as the basis for the formulation ofresearch hypotheses. The conceptual framework consists of the researchersown position on a problem after his exposure to
various theories that have bearing on the problem. The conceptual framework becomes the centraltheme, the focus or the main thrust of the study. Itserves as a guide in conducting the study.
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FORMULATION OFCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUTS
Qualified teachers
Effective methods
Adequate facilities
Adequate supervisoryAssistance
Elimination of theproblems
The effectiveness of nursing program in FCPC dependsupon the qualifications of the teachers, the
effectiveness of their methods of teaching andstrategies, the adequacy of facilities, the adequacy of
supervisory assistance and the elimination of problemshampering the progress.
PROCESS
NursingInstructional
Program
OUTPUTS
Superior Nursing
knowledgeskills, and
competenciesof FCPC students
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FORMULATION OFCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The effectiveness of nursing program in FCPC dependsupon the qualifications of the teachers, the
effectiveness of their methods of teaching andstrategies, the adequacy of facilities, the adequacy of
supervisory assistance and the elimination of problemshampering the progress.
,klkipiuiyuyuyuiyiyiyi
Nursing InstructionalProgram
SuperiorNursing
knowledge,skills and
competenciesof FCPCstudents