Communication Process Public Speaking: An interactive process
Each speech has a purpose: 1. Introduce 2. Share 3. Convince,
Persuade 4. Celebrate
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Six Elements of Public Speaking 1. Speaker Audience centered
believe message will inspire critical, creative thought about topic
Establish credibility be likeable, believable, trustworthy 2.
Message Clear follow a design, strategy. Attractive word choice,
visual aids 3. Occasion Why we speak Where we speak
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Six Elements of Public Speaking 4. Audience Listeners,
non-listeners 5. Interference Distraction, disruption 6. Feedback
Audience Cues (eye contact) Are they getting it or not? Leaning
forward can they hear you? Look confused.do they follow? Frowning,
heads shaking do they agree? Smiling, nodding in agreement.. You
are on the right track!
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Responsible Knowledge You wont be an expert on all topics, but
1. Know the main points of concern 2. Understand what experts
believe 3. Acknowledge different points of view (fairness, equality
of argument) 4. Be current with your knowledge 5. Realize how
topics may affect your classmates
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Responsible Communication 1. Quoting out of context Cite
experts to support your message, but dont twist their words! Dont
use their words to support something they wouldnt agree with.
Example: using Dr. Kings I have a dream speech to reverse reforms
that help Black minorities 2. Academic Dishonesty Plagiarism:
presenting ideas or words of other people not your own work!!!
Patchwork Plagiarism: using parts from many different sources as
your own. Use research to support (so you must cite), but words
should be your own!!! See Avoiding plagiarism table, pg 28
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Speech Anxiety Rate from 1-5, 1 being least comfortable and 5
to most comfortable.
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Anxiety Relief Tech #1: Reality Testing What has happened, will
likely happen, and how bad would it be if it actually did? 1.
Embarrassing yourself Youll get over it, and so will they 2. Mind
will go blank Typical of memorized speeches. So dont memorize!
Prepare outline, practice.. practicepractice.. Conversational
speech
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Reality Testing Continued.. 3. Unfinished speech Panic attack
just talk through Face your fear. 4. Shaking You think they can see
it, but they cant 5. Pronunciation mistakes Native speakers and ESL
learners, Listeners arent waiting for you to fail, but want you to
succeed. 6. Failing the Class Your speeches wont be perfect, but
you wont fail Try your best, use techniques we learn in class! Make
a clear outline, and you will succeed.
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Tech #2: Selective Relaxation Find a quiet place by yourself
Close your eyes, breathe deeply (in through your nose, out through
your mouth) Let your mind drift freely Tense and relax different
muscles, starting from your feet to you head. Practice several
times a day, before bed, then you can use it anywhere!
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Technique #3: Attitude Adjustment Move from ego-centered to: 1.
Other-centered Think about your audience, how are you helping them
with your speech, what ae you giving them? 2. Message-centered
Choose a meaningful topic, learn all you can about it 3.
Communication-centered Focus on the interaction/balance of the
elements Speaker Message Audience
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Technique #4: Cognitive Restructuring Dont think negatively,
think positively! Dont think negatively, think positively! List
your negative thoughts, and change them to positive
statements.
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Technique #5: Visualization Visualize yourself as a successful
speaker Visualize yourself as a successful speaker Keep your goal
in mind: Keep your goal in mind: 1. Reach your listeners 2.
Communicate your message effectively 3. Communicate
enthusiastically Pg. 41, figure 2: Coping with your concerns
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Ten Ways to Control Anxiety 1. Select a topic that excites you
2. Research carefully and organize 3. Master your topic; speak with
authority 4. Practice to flow smoothly 5. Focus on audience 6.
Learn how to relax on command 7. Think positively 8. Visualize
success 9. Act confident, even if you arent 10. Take other
opportunities to speak in public
