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Introduction to CAD: From 2D to 3D Modeling
Abstract Good designers and engineers know how to explore and iterate their designs. Thankfully, computer aided design (CAD) allows you to do just that-‐explore and iterate your design-‐until the model suits your needs. However, this iteration process isn’t as easy as it sounds. It requires you to move quickly and seamlessly back and forth from 2D sketching to 3D modeling-‐and so, that’s the primary skill we’ll be practicing in this course.
This course covers 2D and 3D workflows, through a series of short lectures and hands-‐on exercises. In the first part of the course, we’ll start with 2D sketching in Fusion 360, and we’ll review the various Fusion 360 workspaces, including: sketching and parametric modeling, free-‐form modeling and sculpting, direct modeling and assembly modeling. You’ll learn the skills necessary to use CAD from the start, applying its full capabilities when exploring and changing your designs.
Then, in the second part of the course, we’ll transition from 2D to 3D modeling. And finally toward the end, we’ll explore and apply various 3D modeling techniques that can be used to create models that can be easily changed and experimented on.
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Introduction to 3D Modeling .................................................................................................... 5 Lesson 4. Parametric Modeling in Fusion: Sketching ................................................................ 6
Tutorial Video 1: Sketching Lines, Rectangles, Circles and Arcs ..................................................... 6 Step 1: Create a new Sketch and sketch lines. ................................................................................ 6 Step 2: Use the selection tool to delete lines. ................................................................................. 9 Step 3: Sketching Rectangles. ........................................................................................................ 10 Step 4: Use the selection tool to delete rectangle lines. ............................................................... 12 Step 5: Sketching Circles. ............................................................................................................... 13 Step 6: Sketching Arcs. .................................................................................................................. 13 Step 7: Sketching Arcs whilst using the line tool. .......................................................................... 14
Tutorial Video 2: Sketching Splines and Slots ............................................................................. 16 Step 1: Create a new Sketch and sketch a spline. ......................................................................... 16 Step 2: Edit the spline using the select tool. .................................................................................. 17 Step 3: Sketch a Center to Center Slot. ......................................................................................... 18 Step 4: Sketch an Overall Slot. ....................................................................................................... 20 Step 5: Sketch a Center Point Slot. ................................................................................................ 21 Step 6: Sketch a 3 – Point Arc Slot. ................................................................................................ 22 Step 7: Sketch a Center Point Arc Slot. .......................................................................................... 23 Step 8: Use the selection tool to delete slots and lines. ................................................................ 24
................................................................................................................................................. 25
Tutorial Video 3: Defining Sketch Dimensions ............................................................................ 25 Step 1: Adding Dimensions to sketches. ........................................................................................ 25 Step 2: Editing Dimensions in sketches. ........................................................................................ 28 Step 3: Constraining sketches. ....................................................................................................... 29
Tutorial Video 4: Exploring Sketch Constraints ........................................................................... 32 Step 1: Adding a Coincident Constraint. ........................................................................................ 32 Step 2: Adding a Collinear Constraint. ........................................................................................... 33 Step 3: Adding a Concentric Constraint. ........................................................................................ 35 Step 4: Adding a Midpoint Constraint. .......................................................................................... 37 Step 5: Adding a Fix/Unfix Constraint. ........................................................................................... 42 Step 6: Adding a Parallel Constraint. ............................................................................................. 47 Step 7: Adding a Perpendicular Constraint. ................................................................................... 48 Step 8: Adding a Horizontal/Vertical Constraint. .......................................................................... 50 Step 9: Adding a Tangent Constraint. ............................................................................................ 53
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Step 10: Adding a Curvature Constraint. ....................................................................................... 58 Step 11: Adding an Equal Constraint. ............................................................................................ 61 Step 12: Adding a Symmetry Constraint. ....................................................................................... 65
Tutorial Video 5: Constructing Sketches – Planes and Faces ....................................................... 69 Step 1: Construct an Offset Plane. ................................................................................................. 69 Step 2: Create a Plane at an angle. ................................................................................................ 71 Step 3: Create a Tangent Plane. .................................................................................................... 72 Step 4: Create a Midplane. ............................................................................................................ 74 Step 5: Create a Plane through two edges. ................................................................................... 74 Step 6: Create a Plane through three points. ................................................................................ 76 Step 7: Create a Plane tangent to a face, at a point. ..................................................................... 77 Step 8: Create a Plane along a path. .............................................................................................. 78 Step 9: Create a Sweep. ................................................................................................................. 81 Step 10: Create a Sketch on a face. ............................................................................................... 84
Tutorial Video 6: Creating Circular Pattern Sketches. ................................................................. 86 Step 1: Sketch two circles .............................................................................................................. 86 Step 2: Create a Circular Pattern. .................................................................................................. 88 Step 3: Edit a Circular Pattern. ...................................................................................................... 91
Tutorial Video 7: Creating Rectangular Pattern Sketches. .......................................................... 93 Step 1: Sketch two circles .............................................................................................................. 93 Step 2: Create a rectangular Pattern. ............................................................................................ 95
Tutorial Video 8: Projecting and Intersecting Sketch Geometry. ............................................... 100 Step 1: Construct Offset Plane .................................................................................................... 100 Step 2: Project Sketch Geometry ................................................................................................. 101 Step 3: Construct new Offset Plane. ............................................................................................ 105 Step 4: Project Intersect Sketch Geometry ................................................................................. 106
Tutorial Video 9: Projecting and Including Sketch Geometry. ................................................... 110 Step 1: Create sketch including 3D geometry ............................................................................. 110 Step 1: Create a new sketch on a new offset plane .................................................................... 113 Step 2: Create a rectangular pattern of the Circle ....................................................................... 115 Step 3: Project the sketch onto a face ......................................................................................... 117 Step 4: Edit the cube and update associative relationships with Projections and Inclusions. .... 119
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Tutorial Video 10: Import and calibrate a reference image ...................................................... 122 Step 1: Import an Attached Canvas reference image. ................................................................. 122 Step 2: Apply settings and calibrate the Attached Canvas reference image. .............................. 123
Tutorial Video 11: Practice sketch the saw trigger shape. ......................................................... 126 Step 1: Create a Sketch & launch the Sketch Pallet. .................................................................... 126 Step 2: Sketch lines using the attached canvas for reference. .................................................... 127 Step 3: Sketch splines using the attached canvas for reference. ................................................ 128 Step 4: Refine and edit splines. ................................................................................................... 130 Step 5: Add constraints to the trigger sketch. ............................................................................. 130 Step 6: Sketch the trigger rod post. ............................................................................................. 132 Step 7: Add dimensions to the trigger sketch. ............................................................................ 132
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Introduction to 3D Modeling The main aim of this course is to help ease the learning transition from 2D design to 3D modeling. 3D modeling using CAD is a superb additional skillset for any product designer, engineer, or machinist and being able to use Fusion 360 CAD/CAM will enable you to take an excellent idea from a concept, through to a working 3D CAD model for manufacture, testing and production. Fusion 360 and Autodesk Design Academy provide extensive learning resources which make it incredibly easy to use CAD and learn how to 3D Model. Furthermore, Fusion 360 is free to students and educators, works on both Apple and PC operating systems, on multiple devices and platforms. If you are looking to make the transition from 2D to 3D modeling -‐ this course has been developed to guide you through the process and have you up and running, developing design for professional 3D models after a few short lessons.
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Lesson 4. Parametric Modeling in Fusion: Sketching Mastering ‘sketching’ in Fusion will equip you with a broad range of skills necessary for professional practice across Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). In this lesson, you will begin by first learning some foundational sketch creation techniques, such as sketching lines, arcs, circles and rectangles. You will also be introduced to more advanced sketching techniques, where you will create patterns, project sketches and define sketch dimensions and constraints, as well as create work planes and sketch on faces. You will then carry out a short practical exercise, where you will import a side profile photograph of a Reciprocating Saw, which you will calibrate to a 1:1 product size in Fusion. Using the imported photograph as reference, you will create splines and rectangles to gradually sketch the trigger in two dimensions. Finally, you will edit the splines, add dimensions and apply constraints to the sketch. In the next lesson, you will use this sketch to model the trigger in three dimensions.
Tutorial Video 1: Sketching Lines, Rectangles, Circles and Arcs Watch this video to learn how to sketch lines, rectangles, circles and arcs in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create sketches using lines, rectangles, circles and arcs. Step 1: Create a new Sketch and sketch lines.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
2. Click to select the ground (XZ) plane.
3. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Line.
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4. Click to place first point of line.
5. Drag vertically down 50 mm, and then click to place the next point of line.
6. Click green tick to confirm line sketch.
7. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Line.
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8. Click to place first point of line.
1. Drag vertically down and enter 50 mm and press tab on keyboard to lock length value. Press tab on the keyboard and enter 90 deg, press tab again to lock angle value.
2. Press return to confirm the line.
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3. Press L (shortcut) on keyboard to activate the line tool, and then sketch a series of lines at varying lengths and angles with 5 points. Click the green tick to confirm the lines.
Step 2: Use the selection tool to delete lines.
1. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
2. Click to select a line and press delete on keyboard to delete the line.
Click
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3. Click and drag a selection window around multiple lines then press delete on the keyboard to delete multiple lines at once.
Step 3: Sketching Rectangles.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Rectangle > 2-‐Point Rectangle.
2. Click to place the first corner, drag to specified size, and then click to place the second corner.
Click and drag
Click and drag
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3. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Rectangle > 3-‐Point Rectangle.
4. Click to place the first corner and move and click to place the second corner.
5. Move again and click to place the third corner.
6. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Rectangle > Center Rectangle.
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7. Click to place center point, drag to specified size, and then click to confirm.
Step 4: Use the selection tool to delete rectangle lines.
1. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
2. Click to select a line and press delete on keyboard to delete the line.
3. Click and drag a selection window around multiple lines then press delete on the keyboard to delete multiple lines at once.
Click to delete
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Step 5: Sketching Circles.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Circle > Center Diameter Circle.
2. Click to place the center point, drag to specified size (diameter) or enter 50 mm, press tab on keyboard to lock the diameter and then press return to confirm the circle sketch.
Step 6: Sketching Arcs.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Arc > 3-‐Point Arc.
2. Click to place start point, drag to size of 35 mm and click to place end point and then click
once more to place point on arc.
Click
Click
Click
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3. Click to place start point on top left corner of rectangle, drag horizontally to top right corner of rectangle and click to place end point and then click once more to place point on arc.
Step 7: Sketching Arcs whilst using the line tool.
1. Press L (shortcut) on keyboard to activate the line tool, and then sketch a series of lines at varying lengths and angles with 4 points.
2. Click and hold left mouse button, whilst holding button, draw an arc with the mouse to activate the arc tool. Click to place the arc.
Click and hold
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3. Click to sketch more lines. Click and hold left mouse button, whilst holding button, draw an arc with the mouse to activate the arc tool. Click to place the arc.
4. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
5. In the File Menu, click Save. Name the file, save it to your project on the Fusion Cloud then click Save.
Click and hold
Draw arc
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Tutorial Video 2: Sketching Splines and Slots Watch this video to learn how to sketch splines and slots in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create sketches using Splines and Slots in Fusion 360. Step 1: Create a new Sketch and sketch a spline.
1. In the Browser, toggle off the visibility of Sketch1.
2. Click to select Sketch > Create Sketch.
3. Click to select the ground (XZ) Plane.
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4. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Spline.
5. Sketch a spline with four points. Click for each point and place the points to ensure that the spline has curves. Click the green tick to complete the Spline.
Step 2: Edit the spline using the select tool.
1. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
2. Edit individual points, by clicking and dragging them to a new position.
Click and drag Click and drag
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3. Edit the curves of the spline by clicking and dragging the spline handles.
4. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 3: Sketch a Center to Center Slot.
1. In the Browser, toggle off the visibility of Sketch2.
2. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
3. Click to select the ground (XZ) Plane.
Click and drag
Click and drag
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4. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Slot > Center to Center Slot.
5. Click to place the start center point.
6. Move mouse right 25 mm and click again to place the end center point.
7. Move mouse to define the height/width of the slot, or use the keyboard and enter 15 mm directly, press tab to lock and press return to confirm the slot.
Click
Click
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Step 4: Sketch an Overall Slot.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Slot > Overall Slot.
2. Pan to left then click to select the first end point.
3. Move mouse to right 40 mm and click again to select the second end point.
4. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify a height/width of 20 mm.
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Step 5: Sketch a Center Point Slot.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Slot > Center Point Slot.
2. Click to select the center point.
3. Move mouse to right any distance and click again to select the second end point.
4. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify a height/width of 20 mm.
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Step 6: Sketch a 3 – Point Arc Slot.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Slot > 3-‐Point Arc Slot.
2. Click to select the center point.
3. Move mouse to left or enter required distance and click again to select the end center point.
4. Move mouse and click to select point on the arc.
5. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify a height/width of 10 mm.
Click Click
Click
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Step 7: Sketch a Center Point Arc Slot.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Slot > Center Point Arc Slot.
2. Click once to select the center point of the arc.
3. Move mouse to left or enter required distance and click again to select the start point of the arc.
4. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify the end point of the arc. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify the angle of 90 deg.
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5. Use the mouse or keyboard to specify the height/width of 15 mm.
Step 8: Use the selection tool to delete slots and lines.
1. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
2. Click to select a line and press delete on keyboard to delete the line.
Delete
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3. Click and drag a selection window around multiple lines or an entire slot, then press delete on the keyboard to delete multiple lines at once.
4. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
5. In the toolbar, click Save then OK to save the file.
Tutorial Video 3: Defining Sketch Dimensions Watch this video to learn how to define sketch dimensions in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Define sketch dimensions in Fusion 360. Step 1: Adding Dimensions to sketches.
1. Open the file ‘Dimensions’ from the course dataset download.
Delete
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2. In the Veiwcube, click Top.
3. Click fit in the Navigation bar.
4. Double-‐click Sketch1 in the Browser, to edit the sketch and from the Toolbar, click Sketch > Sketch Dimension.
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5. Click to select the left vertical line of the rectangle and then click to select the right vertical line of the rectangle.
6. Move the mouse down, click to place the dimension. Enter 40 mm and then press return on the keyboard.
7. With the dimension tool still active, repeat above (8) for the top and bottom line of the same rectangle. Enter 25 mm.
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Step 2: Editing Dimensions in sketches.
1. Double-‐click height dimension measurement on the rectangle.
2. Enter 35 mm and press return on the keyboard.
3. Repeat above (2) for the width and change to 20 mm.
Double-‐click
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4. Double-‐click the 50 mm dimension on the line. Enter 40 mm and press return on the keyboard.
5. Double-‐click the diameter dimension on the circle. Enter 30 mm and press return on the keyboard.
Step 3: Constraining sketches.
1. Click and drag the corner of the 3-‐Point Rectangle. Note that this rectangle is not constrained by any added dimensions and the size can be altered.
Double-‐click
Double-‐click
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2. Click and drag the 2-‐Point rectangle. Note that this rectangle is constrained by the added dimensions and the size does not alter.
3. Note the constraints in the Sketch Pallet. Fusion applied Parallel constraints to the 3-‐Point Rectangle when it was originally sketched. This is why when we pick a point on the rectangle and drag it about using our mouse, the lines remain parallel to each other.
4. Note the Horizontal constraints on our lines correspond with the Horizontal/Vertical constraint in the Sketch Pallet.
Constraint
Constraint Constraint
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5. Note the Perpendicular and Tangent constraints on our other sketches, which also correspond with the Perpendicular and Tangent constraints in the Sketch Pallet. In some cases, depending on the tools and workflows that we use, to help us design parametrically, sketch constraints will be applied while we sketch.
Constraint
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Tutorial Video 4: Exploring Sketch Constraints Watch this video to learn how to use all twelve Sketch constraints in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Apply constraints to sketches in Fusion 360. Step 1: Adding a Coincident Constraint.
The coincident constraint applies position continuity between to selected objects.
1. Open the file ‘Constraints’ from the course dataset download. 2. In the Browser, expand the Sketches. Toggle on the visibility of Coincident. Ensure the
visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Coincident Sketch.
3. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Coincident constraint.
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4. Click to select the center point of the circle then click to select the line to apply the constraint.
5. Click and drag the circle to observe this relationship.
6. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
Step 2: Adding a Collinear Constraint.
The collinear constraint makes two lines parallel to each other and ensures that they share one common line.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Collinear. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off.
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2. Double-‐click to edit the Collinear Sketch.
3. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Collinear constraint.
4. Click to select the single line, and then click to select the line on the rectangle to apply the constraint.
5. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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6. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Collinear relationship.
7. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
Step 3: Adding a Concentric Constraint.
The concentric constraint aligns the center points of circles and arcs.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Concentric. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Concentric Sketch.
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2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Concentric constraint.
3. Click to select the circle, and then click to select the arc to apply the constraint.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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5. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Concentric relationship.
6. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
Step 4: Adding a Midpoint Constraint.
The Midpoint constraint can be applied to a number of different sketch objects.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Midpoint. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Midpoint Sketch.
2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Midpoint constraint.
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3. Click to select the center point of the circle, and then click to select the line to apply the
constraint.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
5. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Midpoint relationship between the circle and line.
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6. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Midpoint constraint.
7. Click to select the point and then click to select the line to apply the constraint.
8. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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9. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Midpoint relationship between the point and line.
10. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Midpoint constraint.
11. Click to select the point of the first line and then click to select the second line to apply the constraint.
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12. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
13. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Midpoint relationship between the two lines.
14. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Midpoint constraint.
15. Click to select the right hand line of the square and then click to select the single line to apply the constraint.
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16. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
17. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Midpoint relationship between the two lines.
18. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
Step 5: Adding a Fix/Unfix Constraint.
The Fix/Unfix constraint locks or unlocks selected geometry.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Fix/Unfix. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Fix/Unfix Sketch.
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2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Fix/Unfix constraint.
3. Click to select the line on the triangle to lock the line geometry.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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5. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Fix/Unfix relationship between the line and the rest of the triangle sketch.
6. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Fix/Unfix constraint.
7. Click to select the point on the single line to lock the point geometry.
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8. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
9. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Fix/Unfix relationship between the line and the rest of the line sketch.
10. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Fix/Unfix constraint.
11. Click to select the line on the triangle to unlock the line geometry.
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12. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
13. Click and drag the sketch to observe this Fix/Unfix relationship between the line and the rest of the triangle sketch.
14. Click Stop Sketch.
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Step 6: Adding a Parallel Constraint.
The Parallel constraint makes two lines parallel to each other.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Parallel. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Fix/Unfix Sketch.
2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Parallel constraint.
3. Click to select the line and then click to select the left hand line on the rectangle in order to make the two lines parallel.
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4. Repeat this workflow process for the horizontal lines.
5. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 7: Adding a Perpendicular Constraint.
The Perpendicular constraint makes two selected objects meet at a 90 deg angle.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Perpendicular. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Perpendicular Sketch.
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2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Perpendicular constraint.
3. Click to select the single line and then click again to select the left hand line on the rectangle. These lines are now perpendicular to each other.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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5. Click and drag the sketches to observe this perpendicular relationship between the line and the rectangle.
6. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 8: Adding a Horizontal/Vertical Constraint.
The Horizontal/Vertical constraint makes two selected objects horizontal or vertical to each other, depending on which is nearest.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Horizontal/Vertical. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Horizontal/Vertical Sketch.
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2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Horizontal/Vertical constraint.
3. Click to select the center point of the top circle and then click again to select the center point of the bottom circle. These two circles are vertically aligned, according to the center points.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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5. Click and drag the circles to observe this vertical relationship between the two circles.
6. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Horizontal/Vertical constraint again.
7. Click to select the line point and then click again to select the center point of the bottom circle. The point on the line is now horizontally aligned to the center point of the bottom circle.
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8. Click and drag the sketch objects to observe the Horizontal/Vertical relationships between them.
9. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 9: Adding a Tangent Constraint.
The Tangent constraint ensures a continuous tangent surface between selected.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Tangent. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Tangent Sketch.
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2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Tangent constraint.
3. Click to select the circle and then click again to select the right vertical line on the rectangle. The circle is now tangent to the rectangle right hand line.
4. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
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5. Click and drag the sketch to observe this tangent relationship between the circle and the rectangle.
6. Repeat the process workflow (5) for the left vertical line of the rectangle.
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7. Click and drag the sketch to observe this tangent relationship between the circle and the rectangle.
8. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Tangent constraint.
9. Click to select the circle and then click again to select the single line. The line is now tangent to the circle.
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10. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
11. Click and drag the sketch to observe this tangent relationship between the line, circle and the rectangle.
12. Click Stop Sketch.
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Step 10: Adding a Curvature Constraint.
The Curvature constraint makes selected objects smooth, applying G2 and G3 continuity.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Curvature. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Curvature Sketch.
2. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Spline.
3. Click to sketch a spline from the top right point on left rectangle to the top left corner on right rectangle. Click the green tick to confirm.
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4. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Curvature constraint.
5. Click to select the top line of the left rectangle, click again to select the spline and apply G2 Curvature.
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6. Click the spline again then click the top line of the right rectangle to apply G3 Curvature.
7. Click Stop Sketch.
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Step 11: Adding an Equal Constraint.
The Equal constraint makes selected objects equal to each other.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Equal. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Equal Sketch.
2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Equal constraint.
3. Click to select the top line on the square and then click again to select the top line on the rectangle. These lines are now Equal to each other.
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4. Repeat the process workflow (3) to make the vertical lines on the rectangle and square equal to each other.
5. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
6. Click and drag the squares to observe this Equal relationship between them.
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7. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
8. Click and drag a selection window around all three circles.
9. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Equal constraint. The circles are now equal size to each other.
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10. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
11. Click and drag a circle to observe this equal relationship between them.
12. Click Stop Sketch.
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Step 12: Adding a Symmetry Constraint.
The Symmetry constraint makes selected objects symmetrical about a selected reference point.
1. In the Browser, toggle on the visibility of Symmetry. Ensure the visibility of all other sketches is toggled off. Double-‐click to edit the Symmetry Sketch.
2. In the Sketch Pallet, click to activate the Symmetry constraint.
3. Click to select the vertical right line and then click again to select the vertical left line on the left rectangle. Click to select the single line as the reference.
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4. These two lines are now Symmetry about the single line.
5. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
6. Click and drag the rectangle or line to observe this symmetrical relationship between them.
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7. Repeat the process workflow (6) applying symmetry to the vertical lines on the right rectangle. Set the symmetry about the left vertical line on the left rectangle.
8. In the toolbar, click Select > Select.
9. Click and drag the sketches to observe this symmetrical relationship between them.
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10. Click the Symmetry icon and press delete on the keyboard to remove the symmetry constraint.
11. With symmetry constraints removed, click and drag the sketches to observe that there is no symmetrical relationship between the sketch objects.
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12. Click Stop Sketch.
Tutorial Video 5: Constructing Sketches – Planes and Faces Watch this video to learn how to construct work planes and sketch on faces in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Construct work planes and sketch on faces in Fusion 360. Step 1: Construct an Offset Plane.
1. Open file Construction_Planes in Fusion 360.
2. In the toolbar select construct > Offset Plane.
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3. Click to select the face of the cube and then use the manipulator arrow to drag the offset plane a distance of 40 mm, or enter the value using the keyboard then press return.
4. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane1.
5. Repeat the workflow and create another offset plane from one of the origin planes at any distance.
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6. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane2.
Step 2: Create a Plane at an angle.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Plane at Angle.
2. Click to select the edge of the cube and then use the manipulator arrow to set the angle of the plane a distance of 50 deg, or enter the value using the keyboard then press return.
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3. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane3.
Step 3: Create a Tangent Plane.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Tangent Plane.
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2. Click to select the outer edge of the cylinder and then use the manipulator arrow to set the angle of the plane a distance of -‐230 deg, or enter the value using the keyboard then press return.
3. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane4.
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Step 4: Create a Midplane.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Midplane.
2. Click to select the top face of the cylinder and then click again to select the bottom face of the cylinder.
3. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane5.
Step 5: Create a Plane through two edges.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Plane Through Two Edges.
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2. Click to select the two edges on the cube.
3. Click OK.
4. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane6.
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Step 6: Create a Plane through three points.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Plane Through Three Points.
2. Click to select the three points on the cube.
3. Click OK.
4. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane7.
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Step 7: Create a Plane tangent to a face, at a point.
1. In the toolbar select construct > Plane Tangent to Face at Point.
2. Click to select the sphere and then click again to select the corner of the cube.
3. Click OK.
4. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Plane8.
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5. Repeat the workflow to construct another Plane Tangent to Face at Point. Select the sphere and then the Point.
6. Click OK.
7. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of plane 9.
Step 8: Create a Plane along a path.
1. In the toolbar select Sketch > Spline.
Point
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2. Click to select the Back origin plane.
3. Sketch a spline with 5 points. Click the green tick to confirm the spline.
4. In the Viewcube, click Home.
5. In the toolbar, select construct > Plane Along Path.
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6. Click to select the spline as the path.
7. Use the arrow or enter any distance of the plane along the path.
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8. Click OK to close the dialog.
Step 9: Create a Sweep.
1. In the toolbar select Sketch > Create Sketch.
2. Click to select the Plane Along Path.
3. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Circle > Center Diameter Circle.
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4. Sketch a circle with a diameter of approx. 23 mm.
5. Click Stop Sketch.
6. In the Viewcube, click Home.
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7. In the toolbar, click Create > Sweep.
8. Click the circle to select the Profile and click the spline to select the Path.
9. Use the orbit tools to survey the new Sweep.
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10. Click OK.
Step 10: Create a Sketch on a face.
1. In the toolbar select Sketch > Create Sketch.
2. Click to select the top face of the Cube.
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3. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Rectangle 2-‐Point Rectangle.
4. Sketch a rectangle on the face with 12 mm height and width dimensions.
5. Use the orbit tools to survey the new Sweep.
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6. In the toolbar, click Stop Sketch.
Tutorial Video 6: Creating Circular Pattern Sketches. Watch this video to learn how to create circular pattern sketches in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create advanced Circular Pattern Sketches in Fusion 360.
Step 1: Sketch two circles
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
2. Click to select the ground (XZ) plane to work on.
3. Click Sketch > Circle > Center Diameter Circle.
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4. Sketch a circle with a diameter of 100 mm.
5. Press C on the keyboard (shortcut) to activate the Center Diameter Circle. Sketch a circle with a diameter of 25 mm inside the larger circle.
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Step 2: Create a Circular Pattern.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Circular Pattern.
2. Click to select the small circle as the object to pattern.
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3. Click to select the center point of the large circle as the Center Point.
4. Drag the manipulator towards the + symbol to increase the number of occurrences and drag the manipulator towards the – symbol to reduce the number of occurrences.
5. In the dialog, change the Type from Full to Angle.
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6. Set the angle to 180 deg.
7. Use the manipulators to reduce the number of occurrences to four.
8. In the dialog, • Change the Type from Angle back to Full. • Increase the Quantity to 6.
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9. Click the tick to toggle suppress/unsuppress the occurrences.
10. Click OK to close the dialog.
Step 3: Edit a Circular Pattern.
1. Double-‐click the Circular Pattern icon on the sketch.
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2. Make any required changes, then click OK to close the dialog.
3. Double-‐click the 25 mm dimension on the small circle.
4. Enter 15 mm on the keyboard and press return. Note that the circle size and that of all the occurrences has changed to 15 mm.
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5. Repeat to change the size of the small circle back to 25 mm and then click and move the small circle. Note that the occurrences move also.
6. Click Stop Sketch.
Tutorial Video 7: Creating Rectangular Pattern Sketches. Watch this video to learn how to create rectangular pattern sketches in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create advanced rectangular Pattern Sketches in Fusion 360.
Step 1: Sketch two circles
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
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2. Click to select the ground plane to work on.
3. Click Sketch > Rectangle > Center Rectangle.
4. Sketch a square 100 mm height and 100 mm Width.
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5. Press C on the keyboard (shortcut) to activate the Center Diameter Circle. In the top left corner of the square, sketch a circle with a diameter of 10 mm.
Step 2: Create a rectangular Pattern.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > rectangular Pattern.
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2. Click to select the small circle as the object to pattern.
3. In the dialog, set the Distance Type to Spacing.
4. Use the manipulator to click and drag the arrows to set the distance of spacing between the occurrences, both horizontally and vertically.
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5. Set the distance of the spacing between occurrences to 15 mm horizontally and -‐15 mm vertically. Set the number of occurrences to 6 horizontally and vertically
6. In the dialog, set the Distance Type to Extent.
7. Use the dialog or the manipulators to set the extent to 80 mm horizontally and -‐80 mm vertically.
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8. In the dialog, toggle Direction Type between One Direction and Symmetric for both horizontal and vertical occurrences and note the change to the pattern sketch.
9. Click to toggle suppress/unsuppress the occurrences in the pattern sketch.
10. Click OK to close the dialog.
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11. Click the 10 mm patterned circle and change dimension to 15 mm. Note that all occurrences update to 15 mm also.
12. Change the dimension of the circle back to 10 mm.
13. Click Stop Sketch.
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Tutorial Video 8: Projecting and Intersecting Sketch Geometry. Watch this video to learn how to project and intersect sketch geometry in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create advanced sketches using Projections and Intersections.
Step 1: Construct Offset Plane
1. Open the file named Projecting.
2. In the toolbar, click Construct > Offset Plane.
3. On the cube, left click and hold to select the XZ plane.
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4. Click and drag the manipulator arrow 40 mm distance then click OK.
5. In the Viewcube, click Home.
Step 2: Project Sketch Geometry
1. In the toolbar, click > Sketch > Project > Project.
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2. Click to select the new offset plane.
3. In the dialog, use the Selection Filter to select Specified Entities.
4. Mouse over the cube corner. Note the red dot. This is a preview representing the point/geometry of the cube corner, projected onto the new offset plane.
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5. Click to include and project the corner geometry on to the offset plane.
6. Click edges to project the edge geometry onto the new offset plane.
7. Click faces to project the face geometry onto the new offset plane.
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8. In the dialog, use the Selection Filter to select Bodies.
9. Click the cube or sphere to select the entire component. Note that this projects a silhouette of the entire component geometry on to the new offset plane.
10. Use the orbit tools to survey the new projected geometry.
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11. Click OK to close the dialog.
12. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 3: Construct new Offset Plane.
1. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of the projected geometry sketch (Sketch5).
2. Construct another Offset Plane offsetting the new plane 10 mm from the XY origin plane.
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3. Offset at a distance of 10 mm from XY origin plane.
4. Click OK.
5. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of the Origin.
Step 4: Project Intersect Sketch Geometry
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Project / Include > Intersect.
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2. On the cube, click and hold left mouse button to select new offset plane (Plane2).
3. In the dialog, use the Selection Filter to select Specified Entities.
4. Mouse over the cube and sphere geometry. Note the red dot preview representing the geometry, which is intersecting the new offset plane.
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5. Click the edge on the cube to include the intersection onto the new offset plane. Note the dot turns purple to indicate it has been included.
6. Click the face on the cube to include the face geometry intersection onto the new offset plane.
7. In the browser, toggle off and on the visibility of Component1:1 to see the intersected sketch geometry on the new offset plane.
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8. In the dialog, use the Selection Filter to select Bodies.
9. Click the cube or sphere to select the entire component. Note that this creates an intersection (cross section) of the entire component geometry on to the new offset plane.
10. In the browser, toggle off and on the visibility of Component1:1 to see the intersected sketch geometry on the new offset plane.
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11. Click OK to close the dialog.
12. Click Stop Sketch.
Tutorial Video 9: Projecting and Including Sketch Geometry. Watch this video to learn how to project and include sketch geometry in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Create sketch projections onto a surface. • Create sketches including 3D geometry.
Step 1: Create sketch including 3D geometry
1. Open the file named Projecting.
2. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of the previous sketch (Sketch6).
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3. In the toolbar, click Construct > Offset Plane.
4. Left click and hold to select the XZ plane.
5. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Project / Include > Include 3D Geometry.
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6. Mouse over the cube corner. Note the red dot. This is a preview representing the 3D geometry of the cube corner, included onto the new offset plane.
7. Click and select all the points, edges and faces on the cube and sphere component to include 3D geometry onto the new sketch.
8. In the browser, toggle off and on the visibility of Component1:1 to survey the 3D geometry.
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9. Toggle off the visibility of the new 3D Geometry sketch (Sketch7).
10. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 1: Create a new sketch on a new offset plane
1. In the toolbar, click Construct > Offset Plane.
2. Left click and hold to select the XZ plane.
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3. Use the manipulator arrows to set a distance of 60 mm for the new offset plane.
4. Click OK.
5. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
6. Click to select the offset plane.
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7. Press C (Shortcut) to activate Centre Diameter Circle, then click and sketch a Center Diameter Circle with a radius of 8 mm on the new offset plane. With a front view, position the circle in the top left corner.
Step 2: Create a rectangular pattern of the Circle
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Rectangular Pattern.
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2. Click to select the circle and create a rectangular pattern with 3 occurrences in both horizontal and vertical directions. Ensure that the spacing between occurrences is 30 mm in both directions.
3. Click OK.
4. In the Viewcube, click Home.
5. Click Stop Sketch.
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Step 3: Project the sketch onto a face
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Project / Include > Project To Surface.
2. Click to select a plane. Select the face of the cube.
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3. Click again to select the face of the cube.
4. Click to select the circles on the Rectangular Pattern sketch to project onto the cube surface. Draw a selection window to include multiple circles.
5. In the dialog, ensure that Project Type is set to Closest Point.
6. Click OK.
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7. In the browser, toggle off and on the visibility of Component1:1
8. Click Stop Sketch.
Step 4: Edit the cube and update associative relationships with Projections and Inclusions.
1. In the timeline, double-‐click to edit the cube.
2. Use the manipulator arrows to change the 65 x 40 x 50 mm.
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3. In the dialog, click OK.
4. In the browser, toggle off the visibility of Component1:1.
5. Toggle on and off the visibility of Sketch5, Sketch6, and Sketch7 to observe that the projected geometry, intersected geometry and 3D geometry is associative and will also update.
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Tutorial Video 10: Import and calibrate a reference image Watch this video to learn how to import and calibrate a reference image of the saw in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Import and calibrate reference images in Fusion 360.
Step 1: Import an Attached Canvas reference image.
7. In the file menu, click File > New Design.
8. In the toolbar, click Insert > Attached Canvas.
9. In the dialog, click Select Image.
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10. Locate Saw_Image from the course materials downloaded, and then click Open.
Step 2: Apply settings and calibrate the Attached Canvas reference image.
1. Click to select the Front plane to work on.
2. In the Navigation Bar, click Fit.
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3. In the dialog, change the Canvas opacity to 50, check Display Through and click OK.
4. In the Viewcube, click Front and note the 415 mm line of measure on the attached canvas.
5. In the browser, click to expand the Canvases, then right-‐click on Saw_Image and select Calibrate.
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6. Click to select the first point on the line of Measure of the attached canvas, and then click to select the second point. Enter 415 and press return.
7. In the Navigation Bar, click Fit.
First point Second point
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Tutorial Video 11: Practice sketch the saw trigger shape. Watch this video to learn how to sketch the shape of the trigger for the Reciprocating Saw, using splines and lines in Fusion 360. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
• Sketch the main shape of the saw trigger using Splines and lines in Fusion 360. • Edit splines, add dimensions and apply constraints to sketches in Fusion 360. • Use the attached canvas image for reference.
Step 1: Create a Sketch & launch the Sketch Pallet.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Create Sketch.
2. Select the Front plane to work on.
3. In the navigation bar, click Zoom Window.
4. Drag a selection window around the trigger area of the reference image.
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Step 2: Sketch lines using the attached canvas for reference.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Line.
2. Click to place first point of the line and click again to place second point at approximately 9.7 deg and 35 mm.
3. Click to specify the third point at approximately 90 deg and 29 mm. Click to specify the fourth point at approximately 85 deg and 37 mm.
4. Click the green tick to create.
Fourth point Third point
Second point First point
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Step 3: Sketch splines using the attached canvas for reference.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Spline.
2. Click to place the first point of the spline at the first point of the first line at the bottom of the trigger shape.
Click
Click
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3. Click to place the remaining four points of the spline, ensuring to join the final point of the spline to the first point on the top line.
4. Click the green tick to create.
5. Note that the inside of the sketch is shaded to indicate that it is an enclosed shape.
Join
Click
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Step 4: Refine and edit splines.
1. In the toolbar, click Select.
2. Click on the spline points and drag to move/edit.
3. Click on the spline handles and drag to move edit the curves.
Step 5: Add constraints to the trigger sketch.
1. In the Sketch Palette, click Perpendicular.
Click splines Click splines Click splines
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2. Click the top line of the trigger sketch.
3. Click the right hand-‐side line of the trigger sketch to apply the perpendicular constraint.
1. Note that applying the perpendicular constraint may move the top line and spline points of the trigger sketch. To edit, in the toolbar click Select, then make necessary edits to the lines, spline points and handles.
Click line
Click line
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Step 6: Sketch the trigger rod post.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Line.
2. From the left hand line of the main trigger sketch, sketch 3 lines approximately 20 mm in length and 5 mm in width. Ensure that the sketch begins and ends on the right hand line of the main trigger sketch.
Step 7: Add dimensions to the trigger sketch.
1. In the toolbar, click Sketch > Sketch Dimension.
Right-‐hand line
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2. Click to select the top line then the bottom line of the main trigger shape.
3. Move to the left, click, enter 30 mm and press return.
4. Click to select the right vertical line of the main trigger shape, then the right vertical line of the trigger rod post. Move up, enter 20 mm and press return.
5. Click to select the top horizontal line on the trigger rod post, and then select the bottom horizontal line on the trigger rod post. Move right, click, enter 5 mm and press return.
Select Select
Select Select
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6. Click to select the top line of the main shape, and then click to select the top line of the rod post. Enter 12.5 mm and press return.
7. Note that applying the dimensions may have deformed the curvature of the trigger main shape. In the toolbar, click Select and manipulate the curvature of the trigger spline sketch to more accurately reflect the attached canvas photograph of the saw trigger.
Select Select
Edit splines
