Intro Duct i

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Online voting system

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1.INTRODUCTION

In the everyday life most of us indulge with the online transactions. This is because of the

rapid improvement in the e-commerce technologies. Internet technologies have conquered each

and every sector of today's businesses. Everything from buying to selling, checking bills online,

transferring money into different account, sending and receiving emails and even the education

industries are getting online.

The idea behind developing an online voting system was to improve and speed up the

process of traditional way of voting. The eligible voters would be able to vote from any part of

the world through the internet. Another big advantage of using online system will be that it

would reduce the amount of manpower used to conduct the voting.

A voting system is a method by which voters make a choice between options, often in an

election. A voting system enforces rules to ensure valid voting, and how votes are counted and

aggregated to yield a final result. Common voting systems are majority rule, proportional

representation or plurality voting with a number of variations and methods such as preferential

voting.

Online Voting System is a web based application.

Online Voting System is a voting software.

It consists of four groups, namely

General voter

Candidate/Nominee

Inspector

Administrator


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As we move on in this project we will go through different stages in the completion of this

project. These stages are set down to number of objectives and they are:

To look at the current system of voting i.e. traditional way.

Investigate the other kinds of technologies that are live in voting process.

Analyses of the system.

Design the new system.

Develop the database of the system.

Develop the front end of the system

Test the system.

Implementation of the system.


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2.LITERATURE REVIEW

This section of the report will discuss the traditional voting system, the way it is used to

conduct the election. The issues with the traditional system that inspires to develop an online

application for this purpose. Then this report throw the light on what online voting system is and

reason to develop such application.

This is done by filling up the voter registration form. This form is available at the local

councils and these days also available online. These details are kept in electoral registers. If the

voter does not have his details already registered in the electoral register, he can fill this form

either by hand and post it to the Local council or fill it online and submit it there and then.

Deadline for registering the vote is also set which is normally two weeks before the Election

Day.

In the last twelve years since the technological boom, advanced technology has allowed

individuals to cast votes over the internet for elections. In one study, Mieke Loncke and Jos

Dumortier conducted an evaluation of an online voting system that was implemented in Geneva

and concluded that participation among voters increased by twenty percent after government

officials implemented online voting (73). Since then, researchers and security experts have

looked at past incidents regarding security issues with voting online. This review provides aninsight on the evolution of the debate regarding online voting and its security landscape.


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3. TECHNICAL DETAILS ABOUT PROJECT

Front end : HTML ,JSP

Back end : MYSQL

System Requirement :

Hardware :

1.RAM-512MB

2.Hard disk-250GB

3.Processor-2.10GHz

Software :

jdk 1.7.0 , NETBEANS 7.3.1

MYSQL


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4. FIGURES

4.1 E-R DIAGRAM

4.1 Fig.E-R Diagram

Above is the E-R diagram of online voting system.In this there are four attributes namely

voter,nominee,administrator,and inspector. The voter has three entities namely v_name i.e.Voter

name,v_id i.e. voter id,and voter address.The address again has three sub-entities i.e. city,state

and street.The admistrator,inspector and nominee also have the same attributes such as

administrator id,administrator name,inspector id,inspector name,nominee id,nominee name and

also they have the same entity i.e. their addresses.The relationship between the attributes are

shown with the help of diamond shape.The administrator is the head in the voting process. The

administrator suggests/appoints an inspector.The inspector can take watch/ inspects the voter

and the nominee.The inspector and the administrator also have the right to block the voter if the

voter is performing any illegal task. The voter can see the profile of the nominee to decide that to

whom the vote is to be given.


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4.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

4.2 Fig.Data Flow Diagram

The general online voting system has been divided into six phases. These are

Registration

Authentication

Voting and saving the votes

Managing the votes

Counting the votes

Auditing

In the first phase of the registration the voters are registered and given the login details to log

into the system.


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In the second phase the voters are authenticated by the system and verified if the voter has

the right to access the system.

In the third phase the voters cat the votes and the system saves the votes into the system.

In the fourth phase votes are managed, sorted and prepared for the counting.

In the fifth phase the votes are decrypted and counted.

In the sixth and the final phase the system checks whether he eligible voters voted and if their

votes counted for the final tally.

4.3 USE CASE DIAGRAM

4.3 Fig.Use Case Diagram

The voting system consist of four groups :

Voter

Inspector

Administrator

Nominee


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4.3.1 Voter:

Fig 4.3.1 Voter

Voter is a person who is able to give the vote to the nominee for giving the vote the voter

can also see the profile of the nominee to decide that to whom the vote is given

4.3.2 Inspector:

Fig 4.3.2 Inspector


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Inspector is a person who is appointed by the Administrator to inspects all the voting

process. If the voter can give the vote illogically or without any Id proof then the inspector may

block that particular voter. Inspector can take the advice from the Administrator.

4.3.3 Nominee:

Fig 4.3.3 Nominee

Nominee is a person to whom the voter is giving the vote. The nominee have the

particular Id by using this Id the voter can easily give the vote to the particular nominee as they

want.


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4.3.4 Administrator:

Fig 4.3.4 Administrator

Administrator have all the right about voting. The Administrator calculate the votes at

the end of the voting process and display the result. The Administrator may block the voters if

some illegal activities are performed.


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Technical Feasibility

The Technical Feasibility of the software system developed is centered around the existing computer

system (hardware and software etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition. Its

various aspects are discussed hereby.

Hardware Feasibi li ty

The hardware feasibility of the software under development will be as a under

1. The present hardware setup of the organization may be sufficient for running the software

applications to be developed.

2. System Support Group of the company provides the entire hardware requirement for the

proposed system as and when needed.

3. Two servers will be used to manage the application.

Software Feasibility

The software feasibility of the software under development can be stated as under:

1. The new application requires .Net framework 1.1 which is available in the company.

2. System Support Group of the company provides the entire software requirement for the

proposed system as and when needed.


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Economic Feasibility: Cost and Benefit Analysis

The Economic Feasibility study or the Cost / benefit analysis gives the picture of various costs and

benefits and rules associated with the system. The various costs and benefits associated with the system

under development will be as under. The feasibility will evaluate over a five-year period.

Costs:

Since it is an External project for the company, there will be cost benefit analysis in terms of

resources according to the company policy, which cannot be declared.

Moreover the application being developed will assume Windows NT as its server and license

from Microsoft for .Net.

Benefits:

1. Since it is an External project for the company, it help company in achieving financial support for

further company development.

2. It helps client to sale the product to the property managers around the world.

3. It overall helps the community in managing the things like property.

Operational FeasibilityThe Operational Feasibility of the system relates to the fact that, to what level the proposed system is

able to achieve its objectives, for which it is designed. The various factors that decide the operational

feasibility of the system are as under:

System Performance

Growth Potential


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User friendliness / User Training

Security Issues

System Performance

The proposed system would be able to achieve the required performance level, it will be meant to

achieve. System Performance can be classified into two major components namely:

System Response Time

The Response Time for fetching the data and displaying on the interface of the entire system is likely

to be minimal.

System Accuracy

The system under design is accurate to the desired level in its operations. The user interface

provides all the desired information related to that interface accurately.

Growth Potential

Since the proposed system is likely to be designed using object oriented approach in such a way that

it can be expanded and made more powerful with the changing requirements of the user as and

when needed.

Security issues

The System designed gets login id and password of the end user automatically from his login and

displays the relevant screen for him/her.

The application has its data in the MS-Access database, which is Run in only Office 2000 and

Operating sytem will be Windows 2000 professional.

Appropriate backup of the code and the database will be regularly taken, so as to not have a crisis

situation in the event of a server crash.


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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

In software engineering the SDLC concept underpins many kinds of software developmentmethodologies. These methodologies form the framework for planning and controlling the

creation of an information systemthe software development process.

Systems development phases

The System Development Life Cycle framework provides system designers and developers to follow a

sequence of activities. It consists of a set of steps or phases in which each phase of the SDLC uses the

results of the previous one.

A Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adheres to important phases that are essential for developers,

such as planning,analysis,design,andimplementation,and are explained in the section below. A

number of system development life cycle (SDLC) models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral,

build and fix, rapid prototyping, incremental, and synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these, and the

best known, is thewaterfall model:a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes the

input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different ways, including the

following

Project planning, feasibility study: Establishes a high-level view of the intended project and determines

its goals.

Systems analysis, requirements definition: Refines project goals into defined functions and

operation of the intended application. Analyzes end-user information needs.

Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts,

business rules, process diagrams, pseudocode and other documentation.

Implementation: The real code is written here.

Integration and testing: Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then

checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.

Acceptance, installation, deployment: The final stage of initial development, where the software is

put into production and runs actual business.
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Maintenance: What happens during the rest of the software's life: changes, correction, additions,

moves to a different computing platform and more. This, the least glamorous and perhaps most

important step of all, goes on seemingly forever.

System analysis

The goal of system analysis is to determine where the problem is in an attempt to fix the system.

This step involves breaking down the system in different pieces to analyze the situation,

analyzing project goals, breaking down what needs to be created and attempting to engage users

so that definite requirements can be defined. Requirements analysis sometimes requires

individuals/teams from client as well as service provider sides to get detailed and accurate

requirements....often there has to be a lot of communication to and from to understand these

requirements. Requirement gathering is the most crucial aspect as many times communication

gaps arise in this phase and this leads to validation errors and bugs in the software program.Design

In systems design the design functions and operations are described in detail, including screen

layouts, business rules, process diagrams and other documentation. The output of this stage will

describe the new system as a collection of modules or subsystems.

The design stage takes as its initial input the requirements identified in the approved

requirements document. For each requirement, a set of one or more design elements will be

produced as a result of interviews, workshops, and/or prototype efforts.

Design elements describe the desired software features in detail, and generally include functional

hierarchy diagrams, screen layout diagrams, tables of business rules, business process diagrams,

pseudocode, and a complete entity-relationship diagram with a full data dictionary. These design

elements are intended to describe the software in sufficient detail that skilled programmers may

develop the software with minimal additional input design

Implementation

Modular and subsystem programming code will be accomplished during this stage. Unit testing

and module testing are done in this stage by the developers. This stage is intermingled with thenext in that individual modules will need testing before integration to the main project.

Testing

The code is tested at various levels in software testing. Unit, system and user acceptance testings

are often performed. This is a grey area as many different opinions exist as to what the stages of


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testing are and how much if any iteration occurs. Iteration is not generally part of the waterfall

model, but usually some occur at this stage.

Following are the types of testing:

Defect testing

Path testing

Data set testing.

Unit testing

System testing

Integration testing

Black box testing

White box testing

Regression testing

Automation testing

User acceptance testing

Performance testing

Production process that ensures that the program performs the intended task.

Operations and maintenance

The deployment of the system includes changes and enhancements before the decommissioning

or sunset of the system. Maintaining the system is an important aspect of SDLC. As key

personnel change positions in the organization, new changes will be implemented, which will

require system updates.

Systems Analys is and Design

The Systems Analysis and Design (SAD)is the process of developing Information Systems (IS)

that effectively use of hardware, software, data, process, and people to support the companys

business objectives.

[Phases

System Analyst (IT Department)analyzes, and implements information systems, researches

problems, plans solutions, recommends software and systems, and coordinates

development to meet business or other requirements.


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Analysisis an investigation, careful assessment, study, a research, observations, and

understanding the situation or a problem.

Designis the process of finding solution to the problem, recommending solution creating

blueprints and alike.

SOFTWARE/PACKAGE USED

A high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java was originallycalled OAK,and was designed for handheld devices and set-top boxes. Oak was unsuccessful so

in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and modified the language to take advantage of theburgeoning World Wide Web.Java is an object-oriented language similar to C++, but simplified to eliminate language featuresthat cause common programming errors. Java source code files (files with a .javaextension)are compiled into a format calledbytecode (files with a .classextension), which can then beexecuted by a Java interpreter. Compiled Java code can run on most computers because Javainterpreters and runtime environments, known asJava Virtual Machines (VMs),exist formost operating systems, including UNIX, the Macintosh OS, and Windows. Byte code can alsobe converted directly into machine language instructions by a just-in-time compiler (JIT).Java is a general purpose programming language with a number of features that make thelanguage well suited for use on the World Wide Web. Small Java applications are called

Java applets and can be downloaded from a Web server and run on your computer by a Java-compatible Web browser, such as Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Javais a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun

Microsystems (which is now a subsidiary of Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core

component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of

its syntax fromCand C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java

applications are typically compiled tobytecode(class file) that can run on any Java Virtual

Machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation

dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere".

Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, and is widely used from

application software to web applications.
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The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class

libraries were developed by Sun from 1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the

specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies

under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations

of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java, GNU Classpath, andDalvik.

Principles of Java

There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:

1. It should be "simple, object oriented, and familiar".

2. It should be "robust and secure".3. It should be "architecture neutral and portable".

4. It should execute with "high performance".

5. It should be "interpreted, threaded, and dynamic".

Java Platform

One characteristic of Java is portability, which means that computer programs written in the Java

language must run similarly on any supported hardware/operating-system platform. This isachieved by compiling the Java language code to an intermediate representation called Java

bytecode, instead of directly to platform-specific machine code. Java bytecode instructions are

analogous to machine code, but are intended to be interpreted by a virtual machine (VM) written

specifically for the host hardware.End-userscommonly use aJava Runtime Environment(JRE)

installed on their own machine for standalone Java applications, or in a Web browser for

Javaapplets.

Standardized libraries provide a generic way to access host-specific features such as

graphics,threading,andnetworking.

A major benefit of using bytecode is porting. However, the overhead of interpretation means that

interpreted programs almost always run more slowly than programs compiled to native

executables would. Just-in-Time compilers were introduced from an early stage that compile

bytecodes to machine code during runtime. Over the years, this JVM built-in feature has been

optimized to a point where the JVM's performance competes with natively compiled C code.
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Automatic memory management

Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the object lifecycle. The

programmer determines when objects are created, and the Java runtime is responsible for

recovering the memory once objects are no longer in use. Once no references to an object

remain, the unreachable memory becomes eligible to be freed automatically by the garbage

collector. Something similar to a memory leak may still occur if a programmer's code holds a

reference to an object that is no longer needed, typically when objects that are no longer needed

are stored in containers that are still in use. If methods for a nonexistent object are called, a "null

pointer exception" is thrown.

One of the ideas behind Java's automatic memory management model is that programmers can

be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management. In some languages,

memory for the creation of objects is implicitly allocated on thestack,or explicitly allocated and

deallocated from theheap.In the latter case the responsibility of managing memory resides with

the programmer. If the program does not deallocate an object, amemory leakoccurs. If the

program attempts to access or deallocate memory that has already been deallocated, the result is

undefined and difficult to predict, and the program is likely to become unstable and/or crash.

This can be partially remedied by the use ofsmart pointers, but these add overhead and

complexity. Note that garbage collection does not prevent "logical" memory leaks, i.e. those

where the memory is still referenced but never used.

Garbage collection may happen at any time. Ideally, it will occur when a program is idle. It isguaranteed to be triggered if there is insufficient free memory on the heap to allocate a new

object; this can cause a program to stall momentarily. Explicit memory management is not

possible in Java.

Java does not support C/C++ style pointer arithmetic, where object addresses and unsigned

integers (usually long integers) can be used interchangeably. This allows the garbage collector to

relocate referenced objects and ensures type safety and security.

As in C++ and some other object-oriented languages, variables of Java's primitive data

types are not objects. Values of primitive types are either stored directly in fields (for objects) or onthe stack (for methods) rather than on the heap, as commonly true for objects (but seeEscape analysis).

This was a conscious decision by Java's designers for performance reasons. Because of this, Java was not

considered to be a pure object-oriented programming language. However, as of Java

5.0,autoboxingenables programmers to proceed as if primitive types were instances of their wrapper

class.
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5. TESTING

Testing is the last stage of software development before we are release the product to the

customer. During testing we try to make sure that the product does exactly what it is suppose to

do. It is the culmination of our efforts to produce a high quality product, and it depends on work

products reaching back to the standards and verification plans we develop during the analysis

and specification stages.

5.1 UNIT TESTING

In unit testing, we have to focus on the smallest unit of the software design.Unit testing is

normally considered as an adjunct to the coding step.The design of unit tests can be performed

before coading begins or after source code has been generated.

A review of design information provides guidance for establishingmtest cases that are likely

to uncover errors in each of the categories earlier.Each test case should be coupled with a set of

expected results.

In most applications a driver is nothing but amain program that accept test case data,passes

such data to the component ,and prints relevant results


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6. ADVANTAGES

Convenience:

Online voting system will provide citizens the comfort of voting from their own place at

their own time. This will also helps citizens who are abroad and using special mail ballot to

send their vote. Also the people who are out of the country for the military services can be

advantaged by this project.

Security:

The importance of security in elections cannot be overstated. The future of the country

and the people residing there depends on it. The acceptance of the online voting system

depends upon how secure the online voting system is? Online voting has serious threats from

the hacker and everyone who has intention to fraud in the elections.

Appeal to young voters:

Online voting would appeal young voters to vote. The voter turnout among young people is

particularly low. The Canadian survey shows that 64% of the young voters who did not vote

would prefer to vote online.

Reduce the expenses:

The online voting system will help reduce the expenses involved in the setting up the

polling sites and saves money in printing and mailing the paper ballot. It will also reduce the

expenses on the manpower.

Speed is high:

As it is an web based application to count the votes rapidly.


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CONCLUSION

This project offers the voters to vote easily through internet. Vote counting is also made

easy by the OVS .After registration, the voter is assigned a secret Username and Password

with which people can use to log into the system and enjoy services provided by the system

such as voting. Only the administrator can have the permission to check the result. If

individual/wrong details are submitted then the citizen is not register to vote.

This project has given vast knowledge on the different computing technologies .We

have learned a lot during the implementation of this system. We also studied about the data

flow diagram, E-R diagram and use case diagram and also studied about overall procedure

of voting. During the implementation of this project we also know about which testing type

is useful or beneficial for this project.


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REFERENCES

WEBSITES:

http://www.fec.gov/pages/lever.htm

http://avirubin.com/e-voting.security.html

BOOKS:

JAVA PROGRAMMING

(By: E Balagurusamy)

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(By: Arun K.Majumder)

Requirement:

On the first page of HTML,we want multiple options for voting such as college

voting, mayor,In online voting system, the particular person stand for the election

i.e Nominee is fill up the registration form then submit the form. Then

administrator select the perticular persons who satisfy all the condition of the

nominee.

The person who register for the voter he\she assign the secret user name and

password. Condition for the registration is that the person completed 18 years of

age.
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Intro Duct i