GILPIN G. T. MATSHAYANA

MANGALISO R SOBUKWE

INTETHO ZIKA MANGALISO R. SOBUKWE

“A POQO TRANSKEI TEACHER ON POQO CHARGE”GILPIN G . T. MATSHAYANA

DAILY DISPATCH

28 MAY 1963

IZALATHISO

1. IMVELAPHI NOKUKHULA 2. INTETHO ZIKAMANGALISO SOBUKWE

INTETHO EFFORT HARE INTETHO EVULA INKOMFA YOKUQALWA KWE – PAC IMEKO YESIZWE – NGOMHLA WAMAGORHA ASE – AFRIKA

NGOWE – 1959

3.. OKUTHETHWE NGUMANGALISO SOBUKWE

ELLIAS NTLOEDIBE JOHANNES B. VORSTER PIETER PELSER CECIL NTLOKO GODFREY PIETJIE ASHBEY PETER MDA NTHATHO MOTLANA

4.EZINYYE IINTETHO KUBALISWA NGOMANGALISO SOBUKWE DENNIS SIWISA FRIEDA MATTHWEWS MATTHWES NKOANA GEORGE CALLEY CLIFFORD DENT W.S.M’CWABENI

IMVELAPH NOKUKHULA

Uyisemkhulu kaMnagaliso ,umfo wakaHlathi ,walifulathela ilizwe laseaLusuthu phambi kwemfazwe yamabhulu namangesi ngowe -1899 ukuya kowe – 1902.Umzalikazi wakhe ,Uangelina owayeliMpondokazi elaliseMthatha, wabonana nesoka lakhe uHubert , eRhafu.Balizwa ngamadodana ama – 6 nentombi.UMangaliso , owazalwa ngomhla we- 5 –kuDisemba ngo – 1924 , waba ngumagqibelo. Abakhuluwa bakhe aba – 3 basweleka beselula kakhulu : uBonakele wasweleka ene – 11 leminyaka ,uNzimeni ene – 9 ,Edmund ene – 7.Kwashiyeka uErnest , owayezelwe ngowe – 1914 nowathi wafundela ubufundisi kwibandla laseTshetshi, kunye noCharles Poppie owayelibone ilanga yena ngowe – 1922 waza wafundela ubutitshala, wafundisa apho eRhafu.Intombi yona yayinguEleanor.

KUMABANGA APHANTSI

UMangaliso waqala ukufunda kwisikolo saseWesile ,esasiselokishini emazantsi entaba,siphela kwibanga leis – 5

Amabanga esi – 5 nele – 6 wawafunda kwisikolo saseTshetshi phakathi edolophini leyo yaseRhafu. Yena nomkhuluwa wakhe uCharles benza imbali ngokuzibalula ibe ngabo bobabini kuphela abaphumelela ibanga lesi – 6 ababeli – 13 ngowe – 1937.Ngenxa yokungabikho kewmali yokubagqithisela esinaleni abo bafo baseMamfeneni, kwanyanzeleka okokuba bahlale ekhaya iminyaka – 2.

KUMABANGA OBUTITSHALA

Ngonyaka we – 1940 uMangaliso noCharles baya eNxukhwebe beyokwenza izifundo zobutitshala ,iNative Primary Lower (N.P.L.). Ngowe – 1942 wayiphumelela iNative iPrimary Lower 111.Kodwa,ngokubona ingqondo yakhe ekrelekrele,iititshala zakhe zamkhuthaza okokuba angaphumi koko

aqhubele phambili,agqithele kwibanga leJunior Certificate. Umthetho ke wausithi umfundi ophumelele iNative Primary Lower 111 xa engena eHigh School makaqalekwiJC 11.Akuzange kube njalo uMangaliso, wangeniswa kwaJC 111 ngenxa yobutsolo bengqondo yakhe.

Kuvavanyo lweyeSilimela ngowe – 1943 wabagqwesa bonke awayefunda nabo,wabarhuqa kulo JC 111.Ngelishwa lomhluzi wamanqina ngenyanga yeThupha kowe – 1943 uMangaliso wahlaselwa sisifo semiphunga (TB).Loo nto yenza ukuba angayibhali loo JC 111 njengoko wayelele gandltyananye kwisibhedlela Imc Vicar e Dikeni.Kodwa wathi kuba wayesaziwa ukuba wayeyimpongo ezincwadini,ngomnyaka we- 1944 wanyuselwa waya kuMatrikhi apho wathi waphumelela emagqbini ngesibomvu kumnyaka wokugqibela. Ufeleba kaloku wayesele ephile qete ngoko kangokuba wabanakho ukubetha iPhondo leMpuma Koloni lonke kwitumente yebhola yentenetya. Masibalule nendawo ethi kumnyaka wokugqibela (1947) eNxukwebe nguye owenza intetho yokuvula umnyaka njengentloko yabafundi.

IMFUNDO ENOMSILA

Ngomnyaka we – 1948 enama – 23 eminyaka wangena kwaNokhleji eFort Hare,ngenxa yokufumana iibhsari ezi – 2 ezathi zadibana neScholarship senqununu yaseHealdtown High School,uGoerge Caley nowakwakhe, uHelen.

UMangaliso Sobukwe wazenzela igama effort Hare, wazibalula kaloku njengomnye wabafundi ababe nengqondo etsolo nephangaleleyo. Yayihlokoma iKholeji,engndaba –mlonyeni kubafundi, enconywa ebukwa ngabahloli nee Profesa zakhe. Wayesala zibekwa ngobuciko nangolwazi oluthe gabalala ngaphakathi nagaphandle kweholo yaseFort Hare. Kulapho wathi wadibana khona neenkokheli ezaziwayo ooRobert Mugabe,Ntsu Mokhehle,Nyathi Phokela,Duma Nokwe,Oliver Thambo,njalonjalo. Ngenxa yovuthwa kwakhe kwezopolotiko, ulutsha lwe – ANC lwamonyula

wanguMongameli wequmrhu elimele abafundi kwisebe laseKoloni ngowe – 1948. EKholejini wonyulwa wonyulwa njengentloko yekhansile yabafundi.

Kananjalo kwanokholeji waba ngumlomo wabafundi abafikayo kwitheko elalenzelwe abo babe fika.Ngenyanga yomSintsi ngowe – 1948 wathetha egameni labafundi ababeshiyeka kwitheko labo babagqibezela.Ngomhla wa – 21 kweyeDwarha kowe – 1949 wathetha egameni labo babegqibezela njngentloko yekhansile yabafundi.Wathetha apho ngaloo mini akwamila ngca. Intetho yakhe ayizange ilityalwe eFort Hare. Kuzo zonke iintetho, uMangaliso wayexhola kanobom kurhulumente wooNtamolukhuni.Ngelo thuba kaloku umbutho wolutsha lweANC,ama Afrika,wawusele uphehlelelwe effort Hare ngowe – 1948,kananjalokungexesha lokuphatha kweNational Party.

Zabantathu izinto ezenza ukuba uMangaliso Sobukwe abe nomdla kwezopolotiko ade sisibavubavu sazo.Okokuqala esinye sesinye sezifundo zakhe yaba lulawulo lwabNtsundu (Native Adminisration) izifundo ezaigxininisa kwimithetho yolawulo lwabaNstundu. Apho ke wafunda iindlela abaNtsundu babecinezelwa ngazo.Kulapho ke amehlo ache athi avuleka khona.

Okwesibini walolwa bubudlelwane bakhe kunye nomhlohli wakhe kwiNative Administration,uMnumzana Cecil Ntloko.OkaNtloko wayengengomhlohli nje kuphela koko wayelilungu lombutho iAll African Convetion eyayiqalwe ngowe – 1935 ukuze idbanise abo babesilwela ukupheliswa kwamalungelo abaNtsundu ngirhulumente.Lixesha ke elo lika JMB Hertzog.Ixesha elininzi ke uMnumnzana Ntloko wayelichitha noSobukwe,Dennis Siwisa nGalaza Stamper.Ngezinye iimini babehlala kwidlu kaMnumzana Ntloko kude kube yintsimbi ye – 3 ekuseni.

Okwesithathu uSobukwe waloleka mpela yimeko eyayiqhubeka ngeminyaka yokuvuthwa kwakhe effort Hare. Lixesha kaloku elo abthi oontamo lukhuni bangena ekulwuleni eli lizwe ngowe – 1948.Ngunyaka lowo kaloku apho iqela lika DF Malan lalitshila ngocalucalulo.

UBUFUNDISI NTSAPHO

Sesitshilo ukthi ngethuba uMangaliso wayefunda effort Hare wayefumana uncedo lwemali kuMnumzana uCaley nowakwakhe.Yayingumqeno wabo ke ukuba lowo kaSobukwe afundise eHealdtown akuba ephumelele effort Hare.Umphathi wesinala saseHealdtown,umfundisi uC W Grant,yena wabhebhetha, wakhaba ngawo omane ebetha ngenqindi phantsi esithi uSobukwe akanakuze abe yititshala yaseNxukhwebe kuba waynguDal’udwishe.

Kuloo ngxaki okaSobukwe wancedwa ngumnumzana UW.S.M’cwabeni,umfo ababebonene eHealdtown naseFort Hare owayeyinqununu eJandrell Secondary School eStanderton.Wamthabatha ukuze abe ngumncedisi wakhe apho eJandrell afundise isingesi nezibhalo ezingcwele ukuze ongamele nekwayal enkulu. Oka Sobukwe waquqzelela nemidlalo entenetya nowebhola ekhatywayo esenzela iititshala. Sesitshilo ke ukuba ukuphuma kwakhe kwiMC Vicar Hospital waba intshatsheli yentenetya kwiPhondo leMpuma Koloni.Izifundo awayengene kuzo nzulu effort Hare sisiNgesi,isiXhosa kunye nolawulo lwabaNtsundu elamenza lwabaNtsundu elamenza wasisibabavu ngakoo ntamolukhuni. Ngo – 1948 kaloku wonyulwa yiANCYL,okouba abenguMongameli wabo kwisebe leMpuma – Koloni.

UKUQALA KWENKATHAZO

Kwinkomfa yeANC eBloemfontein ngowe – 1949 kwanyanzeleka ukuba kuphunyuzwe ISICATSHULWA SOKWENZA sowe - 1949. Eso sicwangciso sabakho ngenxa yeempembhelelo zika Sobukwe.Nguye kaloku owasithi theca kuloo nkomfa ukuze sixoxwe samkelwe ke eso sicwangciso saba ngunozala womazabalazo wokwaphulwa kwemithetho.( Defiance Campaign) ngowe – ngowe – 1952.

Usobukwe njengonobhalawolutsha lweANC, waququzelela intlanganiso eStanderton waza wacela abasemagunyeni okokuba bathumele isithethi

kuloo ndibano.IANC ke yathumela uNtatho Motlana. Nangona inqununu kaSobukwe yayimyale ngqongqogqo okokuba angakhe alinge athethe nto, okaSobukwe wathetha wophela elufaka kanobom uphondo kurhulumente wamaNashinali.

Owaye ongamele ilokishi wayekho buqu kuloo ndibano ukuze ajonge,aphulaphule,acholachole ukuze ke enze ingxelo. Kwingxelo yakhe ke wathetha lukhulu ngoSobukwe.

Akayifumana loo ngxelo umviwezikolo zabaNtsundu wahlala phantsi nesigqeba sakhe apho uSobukwe wathi wabekwa ityala lokungaziphathi kakuhle ngokuthi athethe kwintlanganiso yezombangazwe egxibha wayefundisa kuso.

Ngeso sizathu sokugxothwa kwakhe, amalungu ekomiti yeso sikolo siyiJandrell aya ngqo ePitoli kumphathi wezikolo zabaNtsundu eTrnsavaal.Afika apho amthethelela uSobukwe ngelithi Ianc yayingenguwe umbutho wezopolotiko koko yayiluqumrhu elalijongene nentlalo-ntle yabaNtsundu.UMphathi zikolo lowo wathi uSobukwe angabuyela emsebenzini phantsi komqathango othi : Abhale phantsi azibophelele ngelithi akasokuze athabathe nxaxheba kwezopotiko.USobukwe wabhala waphedula wathi : Akazange azise ezopolotiko eklasini kwaye wayengazimiselanga ukuyenza loo nto.Waba ke uphindela entsimini ngolo hlobo.

KWIDYUNIVESITI YASE WITWATERSRAND

Ngomhla woku – 1 kweyeThupha ngowe – 1954 uSobukwe waqalisa ukuhlohla kwiDyunivesiti yaseWitwatersrand ngokuthethelelwa nguProfesa Mathwes Mzamane owayefundisa iliwimizesiNtu eFort Hare noM C M’cwabeni. Kuloo Dyunivesiti yabaMhlophe bodwa wayefundisa iilwimi zesintu. Kuthweso lezidanga zomhla wa – 22 kuMatshi ngowe – 1958 uSobukwe wathiwa jize ngesidanga esithe chatha (honours)kwilwimi zesiNtu.Waba ngowokugqibela umntu oNtsundu ukufumana elo lungelo.

UKUZIMANYA NEQHINA LOMTSHATO

Ngomnyaka we- 1949 amanesi esibhedlela iVictoria eDikeni agwayimbela amalungelo wao aza ke agxothwa ezindlini zawo, ahlala phandle.Abhenela ke kubafundi effort Hare ngokucela uncedo.Ekuqaleni uSobukwe akazange ahoyento malunga nogwayimbo olo sele ecengwa. Wakhala ngukuba wayexakeke kakhulu zizfundo zakhe. Kambe ke waphinda wanyibilika,wazicenga,wangenelela,kunjalo nje wangana waphelela.

Kuloo manesi kwakukho intwnazana eminyaka ingama – 21,eyayivela eHlobane eNatal,eyayibizwa ngokuba nguVeronica Zodwa Mathe. Loo ntwanazana yabonana nje noSobukwe babe sebewelana bethandana.Lwaba shushu uthando lwabo kangangokuba kwanyanzeleka batshate ngomhla we – 6 Juni ngowe 1954,betshatela eSt Paul’s Anglican Church eSoweto.Njengoko uSobukwe wayetyunjelwe ukuhlohla eWits kwanyanzeleka ukuba bathuthele eGoli apho uSobukwe wahlala nowakwakhe kwindlu yomkhwekazi wakhe e1526 B White City,Jabavu.Emva kweenyanga ezili – bafumana indlu kwaMasipala e – 684 Mofolo.Balizwa ngaba bantwana ngokulandelelana kwaba : Miliswa,Dinileszwe,Dalindyebo noDedani abangamawele.

Umzali wakhe,uHubert,walishiya eli phakade ngowe – 1952 wasweleka xa uMangaliso wayethe gabhu kungcungcutheko lwabacinezeli ngenyanga kaCanzibe ngowe – 1975.

INTETHO ZIKAMANGALISO SOBUKWE

INTETHO EFFORT HARE KUMNYAKA WE – 1949

Ethetha kwiDyunivesiti yaseFort Hare,egameni labo babegqibezela,njengentloko yeKhansile yabafundi,kwitheko labo babagqibezela ngyeDwara ngowe – 1949, umfo kaSobukwe wathetha wenjenje :

“ Ndaba nethuba, kumnyaka ophelileyo nasekuqaleni kwalo umiyo, lokuba ndenze amagqabantshintshi malunga nezinto ezingandikholisiyo kule ndawo sikuyo. Isoloko iluluvo lwam olokuba ,ukuba abaphathi bale kholeji okanye idyunivesiti yamaAfrika,njengoko ndaziswe njalo,kufuneka ukuba isebe lezifundo zesiNtu libengathi liyaphuculwalikhawuleziswe lakhiwe.IFort Hare mayibe liziko elikhulu lezifundo zesiNtu apho abafundi bezifundo bazakuza bevela kulo lonke elaseAfrika.Kwakho kufuneka sinesbe Lezoqoqosho (Economics) nelezifundoZemo,ukukhula,Nokuhlala ( Sociology ).Isizwe ukuze sibe sisizwe kufuneka sinngcaphephe kwezi zinto.Kwakho ndifuna ukuqonda ngokuth gca ukuba ikholeji le ilitolika kanjani na yona eli- gama lithi Trusteeship(gcinisiwe).Mna ndicinga ukuba ukugciniswa kuthetha kuthetha ukuba kufundiswe amaAfrika indlela yokulawula nokukhokela ukuze ekugqibeleni ibe ngawo alawula ikholeji.Kodwa ke kwinkqubo ikholeji akukho nto itshoyo.Nangona ikholeji seyinam- 30 eminyaka ikho abahlohli abaMhlophe baseba-4 komnye womAfrika. Siyaxelelwa ukuba kwinyaka eli-10 le Dyunivesiti iyakuba izimele. Ingaba na loo nto ithetha ukuba idyunivesiti yamaAfrika yokokoswa ikhokelwe sisininzi sabahloli abamhlophe ?

‘’ Kunyaka ophelileyo ndathi iFort Hare mayifana neStellenbosch University kumaAfrikana.Inika umdla into yokuvakalisa ukuba ucalucalulo oluyimbangambanga eMzantsi Afrika lwaqanduselwa eStellenbosch nguGqirha W N Eiselen noogxa bakhe. Ngokunjalo iFort Hare mayibe ngumbhobho eengcinga zamaAfrika.Ikholeji xa ngoku itya imu kwizinto ezidla amaAfrika kuba,siyafumana, yoyika kaloku ukukhuthaza urhulumente wamaNashinali. Ikholeji ayiyiqondi into yokuba amaNashinali akholelwa kwinto yokuba kubahloli baseFort Hare,abaninzi ngabeUnited Party. Nokuba ke siyathula okanye siyathetha urhulumente uyakusoloko egasifuni.’’

‘’ Boonyana nentombi zeAfrika, zinkwenkwezi zelizwe elitsha.Ndingathetha ndithini na kuni,njengoko nibona,kokokuqala oko itheko elikumila kunje laqalwayo,ukungabikho kwamanesi phakathi kwethu ngobu busuku bubaluleke kangaka kwitheko labo bagqibezelayo.Siyintoni na isiszathu ?

Kuqhuba idabi apha kum ingxwabangxwaba esesibhedlela ingaphezu kwale kuthiwa ‘’ kukuziphatha kwawo kakubi.’’Lidabi phakathi kwe – Afrika neYurophu,phakathi komqweno wale nkulungwane yama- 20 wokuzibona Ubuntu kunye nendebe endala yengcinezelo.’’

‘’Ndiyazi ke ukuba njengokuba ndithetha olu hlobo nje ndinza kutyholwa ngokungabinasimilo ndibekwe ibala lokuba ndingumvukeli – mbuso.Kodwa njalo malunga nentetho yam kunyaka ophelileyo. Abantu kaloku abafuni kuphazanyiswa kwinkqubo yabo.Abafuni ukuba bakhangeleke benetyala.Abafuni baxelelwe ukuba loo nto babaesoloko bebecinga lizilwana labo.Kodwa ke andceli xolo,kufanelekile ukuba sithethe inyaniso phambi kokuba sife.”

‘’ Kunyaka ophelileyo ndathi imeko yobomi bethu bonke eMzantsi Afrika izezopolotiko,olo luvo lwagxekwa ngamandla. Kodwa ke ubunyani baloo ntetho buzibonakalisile kulo nyaka.Epulpitini kwiChrisrian Union Hall sibavile abashumayeli,ababekekileyo nabangompondo – zihlanjiwe,beyigxeka beyinyhasha imeko yokuphela kobudlelwane phakathi kweentlanga kweli lizwe batsho becebisa ngelithi isisombululo kukusebenzisana.Yena uProfesa MacMillan nezinye izithethi kwindibano ethu yangoLwesithathu ziwugxekile lo moya ‘’ungatshongo’’ khona wobuzwe nokungasebenzisani.Batsho besixelela ngezinto ezingumangaliso abasenzele zona. Phofu balibala ukuba oko bathi amaAfrika akwenzelwa azifumanele ngokwawo phantsi kwaloo mpatho yorhulumente woMzantsi Afrika. Into endiyithethayo eyokuba zezopolotiko ezo nokuba siyathanda nokuba asithandi. Ngako oko asinakufane sizintwanise sithi kukho indawo yokwenyani netheko lokwenyani lezopolotiko.’’

“ Ngexesha lemfazwe yabonakaliswa ngokucace gca into yokuba apha eMzantsi Afrika ezo polotiko azipheli ngeneno kwengcwaba kuphela. Iqela lamajoni amaAfrika langcwatywa mseleni mnye nalowo amhlophe aseYurophu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko laphuma ilizwi kwabaphetheyo lisithi imizimba yaloo majoni ama – Afrika mayirhunjwe

iyokungcwatywa komnye umsele.Ucalucalulo kwacaca ukuba malwenziwe nakwindlela eya enyangweni.”

“ Inkathazo esesibhedlela ndithi mna mayibonwenjengenxalenye yomzabalazo omkhulu,ingathathwa njegento ezihambela yodwa. Kunyaka ophelileyo ndathi masingoyiki ukutshutshiswa. Ndisatsho ke nangoku. Masilwele inkululeko – ilungelo lokuthi imiphefumlo yethu yeyethu. Sixolelele undenze.Amanesi alihlawulw ityala ngokugwetywa.

Ndikhathazekile kakhulu ngokuthi ikanva labasetyhini bethu abangaka lisuke lidilzwe ngoluhlobo.Kambe ke intlawulo yenkululeko ligazi,ukubila neenyembezi. Endizixolisa ngayo iAfrika ayilibali. La mahqawe enkululeko,ezi ntokazi zinqununu zize ngobuso zokhunjulwa zihlonitshwe xa i-Afrka ithe yazimela,yakhululeka.”

“Nathi siya kuniqwalasela.Sibonile sakhunjuzwa amaxesha ngamaxesha ngabo bafo babazizibavubavu,betshica igazi ekholejini besithi bakuphumela elizweni babengoncothoza nemibhobho yabacinezeli okanye babezizithunzela nje ezingazi nokuba kubethwa baphi na. Uluvo lwam luthi abo bafo babengengawo amatshantliziyo koko babe chase nje umlungu. Njengoko uMarcus Garvey esitsho esithi:“Ukuba ingcinga zakho zezobukhoboka wohlala ulikhoboka,ukuba ingcinga zakho zendele,ukukhulula kwengqondo yakho kohlala kwendele.Kananjalo ivangeli yentiyo abantu ayibasindawo.Kungoko sishumayela ivangeli yothando,uthandolweAfrika.Asinakuwugqibaumsebenzi ,singenakuyithanda ngokwaneleyo.Okukhona kuninzi esikwenzela i-Afrika kukhona sifuna ukwe nza ngaphezulu.Ndiqinisekile ndithethela lonke ulutsha lweAfrika xa ndisithi sizimisele ukusebenza nayo nayiphi na indoda elwela ukukhulula iAfrika ngoku sisaphilayo.”nam ndizibandakanya nabo,isicelo sam kubo sithi, KHUMBULA-IAFRIKA!Imeko ndandisithi imbi kunyaka ophelileyo. Ndiyaqonda ithe chatha kulo nyaka.Sibona inkohlakalo yokwenene ecwangcisiweyo,iinzame zesizukulwana esifayo esisafuna ukulawula .Kwakho sibona umoya ophantsi wokuzithemba nokuzimisela kwabantu befuna ukulawula.Kwakho sibona umoya omtsha wokuzimisela

kwabantu befuna inkululeko nagayiphina indlela.Sibona ngexesha lethu udlwengulo lwesibini lweAfrika ;ukuzimisela kwabarhwaphilizi bezifaka iinzipho zabo zitshone ngakumbi kwixhoba xa libhinyalaza.Kodwa ngoku uphango-mhlaba esilubinayo asilulo oluya lwenkohlakalo egqibeleleyo lokurhweba ngorhwaphilizo lenkulugwane ye-17ne-18.Olu lufihlakaleo lwenziwa ngobuchule:lolwemali nezomnotho lubizwa phucukileyo kuthiwe luphuhliso lwendawo zabantu abasemva.Ngaxesha line umoya wobuzwe ongagunqiyo eIndiya,eMalaya,eIndonesia,eBurmanaseAfrika.Undalashe uyatshintsha,endaweni yakhe sisimanjemanje.Intshukumo enkulu iqalile lilwela iAfrika.”

“ Sikuthethile okwethu.Sizikhethele umoya wobuzwe bama-Afrika ngenxa yobunzulu bawo eluntwini,nagenxa yemfuneko nokunyanzeleka kwawo kwimpumelelo yelizwe.Impumelelo yehlabathi ayinakufezeka de umAfrika ngamnye enze igalelo lakhe.Njengoko yayisifa inkcubeko yamaRoma yaza yafumana ubomi obutsha kwindlavini kobanjalo ke nakwinkcubeko efayo yaseNtshona ukufumana ubomi obutsha nobusulungekileyo kwi-Afrika.”

“ Ndifuna ndicacise kwakho into yokuba asichasanga mntu.Sihambisana ne-Afrika.Siphefumla,siphupha,siphila iAfrika kuba iAfrika noluntu ngumtya nethunga.Kobajalo ukuze igcuntswana elikweli lizwe labaMhlophe, abebala, namaNdiya ukuze lifumane inkululeko yengqondo nomphefumlo. Ukukhululeka kwelizwe lonke kuxhomekeke ekukhululekeni kom-AFRIKA;Ikamva lehlabathi lisezandleni zabacinezelwa,abona bantu bacinezelwe kakhulu ke eilzwen ingamaAfrka. Asikuko apha eAfrika kuphela koko kunjalo naseMerika nakwiWest Indies.Sityholwa ngokunxanela igazi kuba sishumayela ukungasebenzisani nabacinezeli.Ndifuna ndyibeke icace ngobu busuku into yokuba yiyo na indlela evulelekileyo kuthi leo.Imbali isifundse ukuba iqela eliselulawulweni ailzange livume lula ukusuka eshlalweni.Soloko lasuswa ngonongalakamba.Ukuze uluntu luqhubele phambili kuyimfuneko ukuba iAfrika mayakheke gqibelele,ngumAfrika kuphela onokuyenza loo nto.”

“Sifuna ukwakha iAfrika entsha sithi kuphela ke abanokuyakha. Abaphikisana nobuzwe bama –Afrika ababambezelanga inkubela nokwakha kwe-Afrika kuphela koko neyelizwe liphela.Intetho zentsebenziswano azintshanga kuthi.Ngalo lonke ixesha abantu bakuthi bebonakalisa iimpawu zomanyana ukuze balwe ingcinizelo “abahlobo” soloko bengenelela baluchithe olo manyano.Mandulo phaya yayingumfundisi- izixhiba nenzondo phakathi kwaMamfengu namaXhosa zadalwa ziintshumayelo zikaMfundisi Shaw.Phakathi komnyaka we-1946 ibe “ngabelungu abasithandayo (liberals )’’.

Namhlanje kwakho ngumfundisi owenza loo nto. Emva kokuthula ixesha elide,bengakhathali,ngethuba,uJ.CSmuts,wayebulalabantu basemaphandleni ngndlala,abefundisi bathi vumbululu,xa kanye amaAfrika emanyana,babona ukuba ayengaphathekanga kakuhle.Kwangoko benza umanyano lwentloko zezinala zabaNtsundu ngeenjongo zokulawula nokujika iingcinga zabafundi.Isibhedlela sabefundisi sivale nokuba abantu bayafa kufutshane naso,ukuze kunqabe naloo manesi kwilizwe lonke. Ndinoloyiko la manene ajongene nesizukulwanesitsha esingenakuqhathwa sahlukaniswe.’’

‘’Mandicele bathandi be-Afrika yam,nihambe nombono we-Afrika entsha xa nisiya elizweni,i-Afrika ezelwe ngokutsha,iAfrika ehlaziyiweyo,i-Afrika entsha.Sikukukhanya okuthi lozilozi kwintseni entsha.Ukuba sithe satshutshiswa ngenxa yezimvo zethu mazesikhumbule, njengoko intetho yesintu isitsho,ukuthi ubumnyama bandulela ukusa,nokuba inkomo eqhawukayo ikhabayo ikhaba kakhulu.Abafo abadidimbela uNeru ejele namhlanje zizicaka zakhe.Nezibhalo zithi abo bebethethelela uYesu eKrusini phambi kwakhe ngomhla womgwebo.Sinje ngokuba sinje kuba uThixo waseAfrika wasidala sanje.Asinakuthengwa ngemibengo,singenakuthetha ngelecawa sifuna inkululeko yethu.’’

Njengokuba uNnamdi Azikiwe waseNigeria eyibeka esithi “ Xelela indoda edlu etshayo ihlabe umkhosi isebeza,ithetha kancinane uxelela indoda ihlangule umfazi wayo kwiingalo zesihange,xelela umama athi chu akhuphe

usana lwakhe kumalangatye omlilo angene kuwo,kodwa ungaxeleli mna ukuba ndingangxami kwimeko enje ngale iphandle apha.

Ezi zinto ziya kwwenzeka,itsho indumiso: iAfrika iza kukhululeka.Ivili lenkqubela lijikeleza lingayeki.Zonke izizwe zehlabathi ziyathulisana ngekamva lazo.IAfrika ayisobe ihlehle!.iAfrika ayisobe inyotywe!iAfrika iyakuviwa ! NIYIKHUMBULE IAFRIKA!’’

INTETHO EVULA INKOMFA YOKUQALA YEPAC

Le ntetho ngomnye umquqlu kwemine,engungqodo kwiPAC. Intetho kaSobukwe yathi: “ Mhlali ngaphambili , mhlekazi , bonyana nentombi zeAfrika,uSihlalo sele enixelele ukuba besithembe ukubale ndibano yokuqala yama – Afrika iyakuvulwa nguGqirha Hasting Banda, xa engaphumeleli ibe nguKenneth Kaunda weZambia National Congress eNorthen Rhodesia. Akukho uphumelelayo ke kubo bobabini, ngokwentetho yabarhwapilizi,baselugcinweni lamapolisa kuba bavuse umnyele befuna inkululeko yamaAfrika omthonyana eNyasaland naseNorthern Rhodesia.

Uxanduva lwembeko yokuvula le nkomfa luwelle kum,umAfrika,ndibulela ke ngelo wonga.Ndibulela ngokwenene ngalenxaxheba ukuze ndigqabaze ngezinto ezisemxholweni kumzabalazo wethu nangona phofu zibekwe zacaca kwiqulu ekufuneka ithiwe theca kule ndibano ukze ziphononongwe kule nkomfa.

UMBONO WELIZWE LIPHELA

“ Boonyana neentombi zomggquba,balweli benkululeko yomAFfrika ,kwixesha elithwele esingakwaziyo ekunokwenzeka phakathi kobuhle nobubi.Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo simbonile umntu eqhawula ngesantya esingathethekio amakhamandela ebesoloko eqhoboshe ingqondo yakhe esombulula iingxaki ebekusoloko iminyaka ngeminyaka ingelilo nephupha kwa ukuzama ukuzisombulula.

“Imbali engumangaliso yempumelelo kwezenzululwazi,yokuhlolahlola isibhakabhaka ngenqwelo yombane eyenziwe ngesandla somntu,ijikeleza umhlaba,izinto ezintsha ezinomdla ezithe zabhaqwa ngalo mnyaka wokugocagoca

umhlaba,imveliso yengqolowa engenawo umhlwa kwicala lezolimo,izinto ezingumangaliso ezithe zenziwa kewzamayeza nakwichemistry nephysics – konke oku umntu ufumana ulwazi olu phangaleleyo ngezinto ezimngqongileyo,loo nto yalatha ukuba sele esecicini lokulawula oko kumngqongileyo.’’

“Kodwa ke nangona kukho loo nkqubela ikhawulezileyo elizweni umntu ukhangeleka ngathi mhlawumbi akafuni okanye akanndlela yokusombulula iingxaki zokuhlala phakathi komntu nomntu.Ngenxa yokusilela komntu sibona ilizwe namhlanje lahlulelelene linamacala amabini anotshaba,iiqela loo ngxowankulu nelo lamaKomanisi,amelwe ngamaMerika nmamaRashiya ngokulandelelna.La macala mabini akukhuphiswano olungathethekiyo,athetha ngqongqo ngobuchule benyoka,aluma evuthela,loo nto yenza ukuba ilizwe lonke lijongane nentshabalalo.

“Omabini amacala axhobe afohlela ngezxhobo ezitshabalalisayo,achitha izigidi zeeponti esenza ezo zixhobo.Nangona lukho uthethathethwano ngokuhlalisana kakuhle ngoxolo,lamacala aqhuba ngohlobo ekungathi akunakuze kuhlaliswane ngoxolo.

IMEKO YE - AFRIKA

“Umbuzo ke uyavela.I-Afrika ingaba yona ingena phi na kule meko ? Kanye kanye thina sizwe sama-Afrika singena phi na ?

“Ngokuqinesekileyo,ngokubhangiswa,koburhwaphilizi,nobukoloniyali baseNtshona easiya umbele obhonxileyo woongxowankulu waphuse mpela.Ngeso sizathu i-Afrika else iyindawo yokuxhentsela kuvuyelwa inqatha.Kwakho,ngoku,nguwashiywa,e-Afrika,omabini,iRashiya neMerika,azama abalandeli kwizizwe zase- Afrika. Luninzi uphimiswano oluqhubekao,ezinye,izizwe zase-Afrika zihambisana neqela laseRashiya ezinye neqela neqela laseMerika.Kwezinye iimeko uthandwano lufikelele kwinqanaba lokuba abathandanayo bahambe kunye ukuze mhlawumbi babambane ngazandla ebumnyameni kodwa ke alukafikeleli kwiqondo lokuba abathandanay bancamisane esidlangalaleni bangafikelwa zintloni.

“Olu,thandwano,lwenzeka,ngexesha,ilizwekazi,lonke,le-Afrika lilunywa,limbinambineka ziintlungu zenimba entsha xa wonke umntu ejonge ngomdla nangethemba kwi-Afrika abone,njengoko abantu bakuthi beyibeka kakuhle,ukuthi kazi iyozala nkomo ni na.

“Siphinyiswa lilizwe ngexesha eMzantsi Afrika iindlavini zooZwilabo zingathi zibethwe eluphondweni. Xa iinzame eziqinisekisileyo zokubhubhisa ama –Afrika ngendlela ecetyiweyo, ngethuba xa amalinge anyhukunyhuku esenziwa ukuqhobosha nokunzonzisa iingqondo zesizwe sonke ngemfundo ecetyiweyo engeyiyo,xa amawakawaka abantu bakuthi ezula ezitratweni efuna imisebezi abe exelelwa ngabafiki abalawulayo ukuba aphindele “kwikhaya” alabelweyo,nokuba loo nto ithetha ukubhangisa iintsapho zawo, xa kanye uphawu lobukhoboka nokunyashwa “eliyidompasi” eluthwlwa yinduna engum-Afrika lugqithiselwa kwibhinqa elinum-Afrika.

Kungeli xesha inkohlakalo yooZwilabo ikwiqondo eliphezulu, xa ubuhlobo be – Afrika kuxhwithwana ngabo.Umbuzo ke uthi: Ithini na eyethu impendulo ? Impendulo mhlali-ngaphambili nabantwana bomthonyana seyinikwe ziinkokheli zama-Afrika zeli zwekazi.

UGqirha Kwame Nkumah uyiphinda phindile into kwimicimbi yehlabathi i-afrika ithanda ukuba ngumbele othe qwa ongazibandakanyio nalo naliphina iqela kodwa ngokwamazwi kaGqirha Nnandi Azikiwe waseNigeria ihlale izimele kwiznto i8ngabi ngumlele kwizinto ezijoliswe kulawulo lwe-Afrika.

UMnumzan uTom Mboya waseKenya yena uthethengqo ngokungafihlisiyo wathi ‘’Asingomnqweno wezizwe ze- Afrika ukutshinthsa omnye umlawuli ,umrhwaphilizi waseNtshona ngomnye oliKomanisi laseRashiya.

“Sibgangqinelana neenkokheli zase-Afrika kulo mba.Kodwa masiyithethe into ethi asimfamekanga kwinyaniso youkba amazwe aqhuba ngenkqubo elungiselela intluthayesizwe,athekratya,ngenkqubela yamashishini,kunala-lawo ahamba ngendlela yooZidlele.Namhlanje iTshayina ikudele ngamashishini kuneIndiya.Nathi siyakhaba ngawo omane into yokulanjiswa kwabantu abaninzi ngenxa yegcuntswana.Siyayamkela inkqubo

yokwabelana ejonge,ngokunokwam,kwingeniso elinganayo engundoqo kum apho intehto ethi “amalungelo afanayo “anokufumaneka khona.

“ Xa siboleka okugqibeleo eMpumalanga nokugqibeleleyo eNtshonalanga, ngalo ndlela sogcina siqhubele phambili ngobuntu bethu,singavumi ukuba sibe nooPkobhana balo naliphi na iqela elinamandla elizweni.

UBUDLELWNANE NAMAZWE ASE – AFRIKA

“Obu ubudlelwane bungacaciswa ngokuthe ngqo nagokufutshane ngokucaphula kwincwadi kaGoerge Padmore ethi “UBU – AFRIKA okanye UBUKOMANISI”.Enaba ngekamva le-Afrika athungululeyo kwezopolotiko,ethi ikmva lawo linye,okwenzeka kwelinye icala le-Afrika makuvakale nakwamanye ama –Afrika ahlala kwelinye icala.

“ Siyothulela umnqwazi iGhana ngokuba lilizwe lokuqala elikhululekileyo kwi –Afrika eNtsha.Phantsi kwesihloko segorha elinobuzwe uGqirha Kwame Nkrumah neConvention People’s Party,iGhana ayinamandla nje ngalo umpakumpaku ekukhululweni kweli lizwekazi lonke kubungqwayingqwayi babamhlophe inawo nombono we –Afrika ukuthi ngcembe ngamandla ekwakheni imbumba yezizwe ze- Afrika ukusuka eKapa kuye eCairo, eMorroco kuye eMadagascar.

Intsuku zamazwana azimeleyo zibaliwe. Namhlanje kwelinye icala,sinamazwe amakhulu nanamandla elizweni,iMerika neRashiya,agqibe imihlaba emikhulu etsho ngezigidi ezingamakhulu zabantu. Kwelinye icala izizawana ezibuthathaka ezizimeleyo zsaYurophu ziyayiqonda into yokuba ukuphila kwazo kuxhomekeke ekwakheni amaqumrhu okuzivikela naeokurhwebela;kungoko sisiva ngeNATO neMARIKE yaseYUROPHU.

“ Ngaphandle kokuba sinembali efanayo nezinye izizwe zase-Afrika kunyanzelekile,ngokwezizathu ezibambekayo,ukubai – Afrika yonke ibe yimbumba,ibe norhulumente omnye.Kungaloo nldela kuphela esingathi sizisombulule iingxaki ezinkulu ezijongene neli zwekazi.

IMIBUTHO YEZIZWE E – AFRIKA

“Kungenxa yezizathu esele zichazwe ukuze sibe sincoma,sisikelela sizibandakanya nayo yonke imibutho yezizwe eAfrika .Yona kaloku ingundoqo,iziseko nesiqalo saloo ndibano inkulu ecetywao ebizwa ngokuba Lumanyano Lwezizwe ze-Afrika, umanyano lwezizwe ze-Afrika ezinobungangalala ziziphethe zingenamkhethe.

“ Ukuze kubekho uxolo lwaphakade e-Afrika ,kupheliswe neengxaki zorhwebo,ezentlalo nezopolotiko kweli lizwekazi,imfuno zazo mazisekelezwe phantsi kweemeko ezkhululekileyo kumntu wonke.Oko kuthetha ukuthi ugonyamelo lwabamhlophe nolwaluphina na uhlobo malutshatyalaliswe.Yiyo kanye loo nto abanobuzwe kweli zwekazi bazimi -sele ukwenza yona. Bavumelene ngamxhelo mnye ukuba ama –Afrika asisininzi makalawule. Kwimbono zama –Afrika yintlaninge yesininzi sama –Afrika eyakwakha iphucule oko kukuthwa kukuziphatha.

“ Ndivumeleni ndicaphule kumazwi kaGqirha uDubois,uyise wobu –Afrika gabalala,ubhala athi “ Abantu abaninzi elizweni ngabeBala.Ikamva lehlabathi,naphantsi kwaziphi na imeko,liya kuba yiloo nto ama- Afrika ayenzayo.

UMBANDELA WOBUHLANGA

“ Malunga nengxaki yobuhlanga. Andazimiselanga kuntyuntya ndicikoza ngokutyakatya ubuhlanga. Kwanele xa ndisithi nezo nzululwazi,zikhokelwa kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo ziiyangqina ukuthi kukho iimeko ezisesithubeni ezingenakunxibelelana nazo naziphina kwezi ntlobo zintathu zeentlanga elizweni.

“ Zonke iinzululwazi ziyangqinelnana ukuba aba bantu bngakwazi ukulanda ookhoko babo ukuya kuthi ga kowokuqala,nokuba umntu wahlukile kwezinye izilwanyana naku bantu bokuqala yengqondo yakhe. Ukwakhiwa komzimba womntu kunika ubungqina obubonisa ukufana kwemizimba

yoluntu. Zonke iinzululwazi ziyangqinelna kwinto ethi akukho hlanga lungaphezulu kolune lungekho nohlanga olungaphantsi kolunye.

Ama-Afrika akholelwa kwinto yokuba luhlanga lunye olukhoyo (HUMAN RACE) esilulo sonke,uhlanga olungumntu.Kwisgama esthu sethu igama “uhlanga” xa kubhekiswa ebantwini alunasininzi.Ewe, siyabuvuma ubukho beempawu ezahlukileyo emzimbeni ezibangwa zizinto ezininzi ephambili kuzo ikukuvalelwa kumhlaba othile.

“ E-Afrika intsomi yobuhlanga ivezwe yasasazwa ngabarhwaphilizi namakoloniyali avela eYurophu,ukuze alungiselele azithethelelengokuntswinya ngokungenatarhu iinzalelwane zeli lizwe.Kukule ntsomi yobuhlanga,ehamba nentetho yokuzingca ngeyona nkcuesemagqbini,apho isuka khona ivangeli yobungqwangangqwili babamhlophe.

“Kungoko ke lowo wayengumqhubi kalolwe ezicingela ukuba ukufanele ngokwenene ukuba yinkokheli yelizwe lase-Afrika ,angafuni ukukholelwa ukuba ugqirha oNtsundu ofunde wayityekeza,noyazi kakuhle inkcubeko yaseNtshona nangaphezu kwale nkokheli eMhlope,akanakukhokela nekhansile le yembala kaMasipala.Andifuni kunaba ngalo mba ixesha yimali.Mandiyivale ingxoxo ngale ngongoma ngokwazisa,egamani lama-Afrika,ukuba njengeQumrhu Lezizwe Ezimanyeneyo Lemfundo neLenzululwazi(UNESCO )sibambe ukba wonke umntu ungumgcini womntakwabo.Kaloku wonke ubani usisithole seli zwekazi,ilungu lalo,kuba unxibelelene noluntu.

EMZANTSI AFRIKA

“Emzantsi Afrika siyawamkela amaqela ezizwe avele ngobume bomhlaba kwimimandla ethile nangokuba nembali efanayo.AbeLungu liqela legcuntswana labafiki elongamele lodwa kwezobuzwe, ezentlalo namandla okuzivikela.Liqela elinobugqwangngqwili.Liqela elincukuthayo elingunozala wenkolo enobungonozala wenkolo enobungozi yobungangalala bomntu omhlophe obuzale lew nokuthotywa kwesidima senzalelwane ze-Afrika.Leli

qela liphange imihlaba yama-Afrika laza,ngokuziqenya okukhulu,lazenza abagcini nabakokosi bama-Afrika.

“Leli qela elithe kwama – 300 eminyaka,kanti lisenokuthi,ngogezo nangaphandle kweentloni iinzalelwano “iBhantu”, ‘’uKafile”useyindlobongela esesmva.Kodwa basafuna ukuba ngabagcini,abkokoksi,konke nje kuma- Afrika.Ngokufutshane,leliqela elizijongise ezantsi iitloko eMzantsi Afrika njengoko oogxa besenza njalo eYurophu.Kukweli qela apho kukho abona bangcikivi nabaqhanqalazi.Ngamalungu eli qela athi,ngalo lonke ixesha –adibana kwiPalamente yalo,athethe izinto eziqaqambisa iintliziyo zezigidi zamaAfrika athand uxolo.Leliqela elivelisa amawakawaka encutshe zombono omtsha eMzantsi Afrika – ingqondo yenzalelwane (yoNtsundu).

“Kananjalo kukho iqedlana lemihla phezulu lamaNdiya.Eli qela leza kweli lizwe lingezanga kurhwaphilza okanye kufuna imihlaba,koko leza njengabasesbenzi ababefuneka. Kwimeko yoMzantsi Afrika namhlanje,eli qela libathwana alicinezelweyo.Nangona kunjalo akho amalungu eli qela,ingakumbi abarhwebi,osulelwe ngumbungu wokuziphakamisa ngokwenkcubeko nangokuzingca ngokobuhlanga.Eli qela lizilinganisa ikakhulu nabacinezeli kodwa,ngokubalulekileyo,leli qela elikhupha iinkokheli zopolotiko zamaNdiya eMzantsi Afrika.Konke ke okuthe kwathethwa ziipolitiki zale mpi,kuza kuthi ga ngoku kukugcina nokukhusela amalungelo eqelq elithile labarhwebi bamaNdiya.

“Abanyhashwa,amahlwempu,`amaKula anukayo` aseNatal ebenokuthi nje,kuphela ngenxa yoxinzelelo leemeko zokuhlala,azibandakanye nesinizi senzalelwane zamaAfrika kwidabi lokubhukuqa ubungqangangqwili babamhlophe,akakazivelisi ke iinkokheli.Siyathemba ozivelisa kubgekudala.

“Ama-Afrika liqela eladalelwa apha kwaye asisininzi sabantu beli lizwe.Ngawona adliwa igazi ngokugqithileyo kwaye aphantsi kongcikivo nezithuko.Ngoku ke luluvo lwethu ukuthi inkululeko yokwenyani eMzantsi Afrika nakweli lizwekazi konke ingakho xa ubungqwayingqwayi babamhlophe bubhangisiweyo.

“Abangafundanga nabagqwagqwiweyo kuluntu lwase – Afrika basisitshixo,undoqo,nomongo wawo nawuphi na umzabalazo wenene wenkululeko eMzantsi Afrika.Ama –Afrika angaqokeleleka kuphela phantsi komoya wobu-Afrika kumbutho wamaAfrika onke apho ayakuthi ngokwawo enze iinkqubo nezicwangciso aze agqibe ngeendlela zokuzabalza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngaloo magcuntswana amaqela ekuthwa ngawasekhohlo okanye ekunene athi ngolunya zazbela ilungelo lokucwangcisela nokucingela amaAfrika.

“Sithanda ukuyibethelela into ethi inkululeko yomAfrika ithetha inkululeko yomntu wonke eMzantsi Afrika,kubandakanywa nabamhlophe,kuba ngum-Afrika yedwa onkuqinisekisa inkululeko yokwenyani apho bonke abantu boba ngabelizwe elinye behlala belawula njengabantu hayi njengeqela elithile elikhululekileyo.

EZONA NJONGO ZETHU

“Elokuphetha,ndithanda ukunixelela ukuba amaAfrika akahambisani konke nenkolelo eqhelekileyo yoMzantsi Afrika yokuzikhetha.Sikholelwa kwinto yokuba uMzantsi Afrika yinxalenye yeAfrika yeAfrika iphela engenakwahlulwa.Awukuzisombulula iingxaki uwodwa,uzikhethile ungazikhathelelanga ezinye iindawo kweli lizwekazi.

“Kwindima yeentlanga ngeetlanga sinale nkcaso ethi imbali yoMzantsi Afrika ikhuthaze intiyano nobutshaba phakathi kwamaqela,ukuba ke sithe rhoqo sahamba ngokwahlula amaqela soxhentsa phantsi kwentetho yeentlanga sibe sithwala ezintiyano nokungquzulana ukuya kwi –Afrika entsha.Ngaphezulu,umba weentlanga ebunyanisweni kukwanelisa iinkani nokuziphakamisa kwabamhlophe.Yindlela yokuqinisekisa iimfuno zabamhlophe nokuba amanani abantu athini na.Ngaloo ndlela kukusengela phantsi urhulumente wesininzi.Kuthi intetho “ yeetlanga ngeentlanga “ithetha ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqela obuzwe ukuze ke indlela elungile ibe kukuwagcina ehlukahlukene naphakade kurhulumente wabantu womkhethe.Kuthi ken to ithetha ubuhlanga

obuphindaphindeneyo,ebunyanisweni mhlawumbi oko kuthetha kanye loo nto.

“Kwezo lawulo sijonge kurhulumente wamaAfrika ophethwe ngamaAfrika esenzela amaAfrika,nawuphi na ke othobela ulawulo lwesininzi samaAfrika wothathwa njengomAfrika.Asiqinisekisi malungelo egcuntswana,kuba sicinga ngabantu,hayi ngamaqela abantu.

“Kwezorhwebo sijongise ekwandiseni ngokukhawuleza amashishini enkqubela ukuze sithothise uxinzelelo oluselizweni,yiyo ke leyo inkqubela kuluntu lwanamhlanje.Sime sizibophelela ngenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukwahlulelana ngokulinganayo ngobutyebi.

“Kwezentlalo sijonge ekukhuliseni,ngokupheleleyo,isidima somntu nokususa neengcambu silahle kude zonke iinkqubo okanye iinzame zentsomi yobuhlungu.Xa ndishwankathela simele urhulumente wamaAfrika wesininzi otyisa bonke.

“Nanku umthi omile kumhlaba weAfrika onkcenkceshelwa ngamanzi emilambo yeAfrika.Yizani nihlale kumthunzi wawo ukuze ninathi nibe ngamagqabi esebe elinye namasebe omthi omnye.Boonyana neentombi zeAfrika,ndivakalisa ukuba le ndibano yokuqala yamaAfrika ivuliwe.IZWE LETHU !!”

INTETHO KASOBUKWE NGOMHLA WAMAGQIRHA NGOWE-1959

“Somlomo,mhlekazi,boonyana neentombi zeAfrika:Ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu nje ngomhla we-6 kuTshazimpunzi besidibene kwiholo yoluntu eOrlando eGoli siphehlelela inqanawa yenkululeko,iPan Afrikanist Congress.Ngaloo mini kwamiliselwa,phakathi kwembonda-ndimunye,umbutho ozimisele kwinkululeko nokuzimela komAfrika umbutho ojonge ukubhangisa ubunganga babamhlophe nokumilisela urhulumente wamaAfrika wesininzi otyisa bonke.

UMCINEZELWA NOMCINEZELI

“Zinyanga nje ezingaphezu kwesithathu ethe iPan Afrikanist Congress yalibona ilanga,kodwa ngelo xesha lifutshane kangako ithe yazivakalisa ezona zingundoqo kumzabalazo wethu,ezi zezi:

1. Abangayanga nabaye kancinane esikolweni kwinkumbula yamaAfrika zizona zitshixo amaxhadi neentsika zomzabalazo wenkululeko yethu kweli lizwe.

2. Umoya wobuzwe bama Afrika yiyona vangeli yenkululeko enokudibanisa intlaninge yabantu abangamalungu eentlanga batsho babeliqilima lomkhosi onembeko obambeneyo ubanike intembeko engaphezulu kubuhlnga,ubaxhobise ngeengcinga zokunqwenela ukuba sisizwe.

3. Umzabalazo eMzantsi Afrika yinxelenye yomzabalazo omkhulu kweli lizwekazi ofuna ukubyisela amaAfrika ulawulo lokwenyani lomhlaba (Izwe) wawo.

Ezi zimemezo zihlabe kwavakala kwiintliziyo zoonyana neentombi zelizwe,zavuselela amaphupha olutsha elizwe lethu,zabe zinika ithemba kwabadala abathe bahlala iminyaka ngeminyaka kwibandezi lokuphelelwa lithemba.Kungoku nje iinkonde zingatsho zinyanise xa zithi “Nkosi sikhulule isicaka sakho sihambe ngoxolo,ngokweminqweno wakho,kuba amehlo am alubonile usindiso lwakho.”

“Izinto zicace gca.IPan Afrikanist Congress iyekile ukukhwaza icikoza.Inkungu igabukile ,kwiqonga lezopolotiko eMzantsi Afrika kukhonya iinkunzi ezimbini kuphela, umcinezeli nomcinezelwa, inkosi nesicka.Kweli lizwe sikwixesha lopetsulelana phakathi kwemikhosi yobubi nemikhosi yobulungisa,phakathi kwentshatsheli zenngcinezelo nentshatsheki zenkululeko.Ebona le meko umcinezeli ukhwetshele umsila elungiselela ukwenza uxhathiso lokugqibela ekhusela ubungqwangangqwili babamhlophe.Kwelinye icala imikhosi yenkululeko iqokelela amandla imihla nezolo izilololonga,iziqinisa,izomeleza ilungiselela idabi elisemnyango.”

I –AFRIKA YAMA-AFRIKA

“Kwakho njengowe 1949 abantu balindlele ngethemba nokhathazelelo ukuvela kwesicwangciso sobugorha nokhalipho kwiPAC umbutho ongcambu zawo zisebantwini noonkolelo zawo ziphuma ezinqeni zawo. Akwanelanga nje okkuba iPAC iphumelele ekususeni amehlo abantu kwiingxushungxushu eziphakathi kwabo koko bawajongise kwinkululeko yokwenyani engaphaya kumahla – ndinyuka omzabalazo.Kwakho ibafundisa injongo nento ethethwa ngumzabalazo wabo.Ngako oko abantu base-Afrika bathe qwa ! Balindile, balinde ngomdla nethemba,balindele ubizo,ubizo lokungena edabini;idabi lokoyisa babuyise ilizwekazi i-Afrika elithe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama – 300 langunondidwa woolevu nabarhalatyi boongxowankulu baseNtshona.”

Mayibuye i-Afrika “Sisikhalo eso esivakala kwilizwe lonke.I-Afrika yama-Afrika !! Izwe Lethu !!Lawo ngamazwi acacias ngokuphelelwa kobungangalala babamhlophe e-Afrika.”

UBUME BEMEKO YELIZWEKAZI I-AFRIKA

“Kwilizwe lonke le-Afrika umzabalazo uqhuba ngamandla ngkwezo zinto seziyimbaliziziphelewe lixesha,ukurhwaphiliza,ukumilisela amathanga,nobungqwayingqwayi babamhlophe.Igazi elinqabileyo lom-Afrika liayphalala e-Algeria apho oonyana neentombi ze-Afrika,phantsi kwenkokheli eligorha uFerlam Abbas woburulumente iFree Algeria,zifela ukubuyisa iindawo zokungcwabela eza dilizwayo.”

“Zinkulu iinzame ezenziwa ngamazwe akhululekileyo e-afrika,ekwakheni,ukuqingqa nokuqinisekisa ngesidima som – Afrika,ukuze ache isiseko seAfrika emanyeneyo.Kutsha nje iinkokheli zamazwe aseGhana,iGuinea neLiberia bezidibene enkomfeni zixoxa ngeendlela zokusasaza ivangeli yobu-Afrika gabalala.”

“ ETanganyika ,uNyerere ulwela ukuguqulwa komgaqo-siseko weentlungu ngeentlanga ekwakakazwa ngawo abantu base-Afrika ngabarhwapalizi baseBritain,unyanzela ukumiliselwa kwendlela esa enkululekweni yokuvota

komntu nomntu.E-Uganda,njengoko iphepha lethu belixelile,urhwaphilizo lwaseBritani nguqulukubhode kunye nomoya wobuzwe bama-Afrika.Embindini we-Afrika imo yongxunguphalo ikwiqondo eliphezulu,kukho umzila ocacisa ukuba kwidabi phakathi koKhamuzu Banda noRoy Welensky,uBanda uza kuphumelela.Ezinyanisweni iimpawu zibonisa ukuba asyoNyasaland ukphela koko neNorthen Rhodesia ngokunjalo,iza kuzikhupha kuloo nomgogwana wendibanisela phakathi koWenskey noLennox Boyd.”

UMZANTSI AFRIKA

“Kwi-Afrika iphela ke imikhosi yobungqwangangqwili babamhlophe iyahlehla,ayinakumelana naloo moya uvuthuzayo wobuzwe bama-Afrika.Eli lixesha lokhulula i-Afrika.Iintonga zophuka e-Afrika.Kokokuqala ukukhe kwenziwe into yokwenene lilizwe lonke ukunqanda inkquba zobulwanyana zorhulumente wegcuntswana lemihla - phezulu eMhlophe eMzantsi Afrika.”

“ Awona mazwe athe azifolisi kolu kwayo,lelizwe lonke yempahla yoMzantsi Afrika ngamazwe aseAfrika nalawo alawulwa ngabantu abankaba zabo ziseAfrika.Injani ke imeko eMzantsi Afrika? Ewe,nonke niyazi,ukuba kukho intetho evakalayo emoyeni “yokubetha amathandazwe esiswini.” Besifanele ukuthi “esinyini”kodwa iinkokheli ezinomnelela nezingekho ndlongondlongo aziwasebenzisi amagama amabi kanjalo.Ibikho ke intetho etshoyo lwalungiswa noludwe lwamagama.Kodwa ngoko nangoko xa omnye ekuthiwa “ngumzabalazi onenkxalabo”athe wabetha ngoyaba indawo ezithile kumanyano lorhwebo iyekile ukuba yindawo ephethwe lilizwe nangona imveliso iyeyelizwe”

“Imikhuba emidala engenantsingiselo isasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithile.Kodwa ke kukho ukwayo lweeholo zotywala olwenziwa ngoomama abanezibindi baseThekwini,intshukumo eqalwe ngabantu eqhutywa kwangabo.Akakho oyithandabuzayo impumelelo yao.Ubungqina budandalazile ukuze bubonwe ngumntu wonke.Ukuba “abahlobo”babo ababaphazamisanga oomama baseThekwini iinjongo zabo baya kuziphumelela nakanjani na-ukufumanela ukwayo oluthe lwaxhaswa kakhulu ngama-Afrika ngenxa yobunyhukunyhuku

bobubi obenziwa ngabalimi abamhlophe kubasebenzi bama-Afrika abangamabanjwa,oluthe ngelishwa lawela ezandleni zabo sele sibakhankanyile.”

“Isiqhamo sesokuba elo qela eloyika ooSiffunga-uma bama-Afrika ngaphezu kokucaphukela ingcinenezelo,bathemba bethandazela ukuba ukwayo luziphelele phambi kokuba baluphelise.

ITHINI NA IMEKO NGEAPAN AFRICANIST CONGRESS

“Sidibene apha namhlanje ukuze sikhumbuzane ngosuku lamaqhawe esizwe.Silapha namhlanje siphinda umva sivuselela unxibelelwano lwethu namaqhawe, amaQhawe amandulo,loo madoda nezo ntokazi zankcenkceshela umthi wenkuleko nokuzimela ngegazi lawo.Sidibene apha,boonyana neentombi zelizwe esilithandayo,ukuze sisele kwiqula lempumelelo yeAfrika,sikhumbule ngemvelaphi yethu siphinde sivakalise nalapho sisingise khona”

“Silapha ukuze sithabathe amandla kumagorha aseThaba Bosiu ,Isandlwana ,Sandile’s Kop eKeiskama Hoek,nakwintlaninge yamanye amadabi apho ookhoko bethu bawiswa ziimbumbulu zabasemzini ababehlasela.Silapha sizokuthatha amandla koonyana neentombi zeAfrika ezanikela ngako konke ezazinako ngenxa yedabi zaza zoselwa zalala ukuthula.”

“Sidibene apha boonyana neentombi zeAfrika ukuze sibambe itrofolo ngesasekunene,ikhaka nekrele ngesasekhohlo,ukuze siqinisekise isigqibo sethu sokuhlasela ngokupheleleyo isithixwana esibubungangalala sabamhlphe.Silapha ukuze sithi mayikhululeke ngowe -1963.Silapha ukuze sinxwale imikhosi yengcinezelo.Silapha sicele umngeni kwiimfundimani nooSomashishini beAfrika angabasebenzi ezidolophini nasezilalini bangenelele ngokuzimisela,ngokungenasi-sini,ngokungenasizi,nangokuqinisekileyo kwimfazwe elwa ubungqwayingqwayi babamhlophe.”

“Kwabo bathandabuzayo nakwabo bakhweleelucingweni sithi “ KHETHANI NGOKU”,ngomso koba sekonakele.Khethani ngoku kuba kufutshane nje sobe sisithi,ngokulula kwasebhayibhileni lowo ungahambi nathi uchasene nathi.”

ISICWANGCISO SEPAN AFRICANIST CONGRESS

“Inkunguigabukile! Makungenwe eadbini!! Ngako oko boonyana neentombi zothuthu egameni lekomiti kaNdlukulu Esebenzayo (NWC) yePAC ndiphakamisa umzabalazo wokuzingca – umzabalazo oyakuthi nje wakuqalwa uqhube njalo zifezekiswe iinjongo zethu.Lo ngumzabalazo otyhilwayo oza kunwena oquka ezopolotiko,ezomnotho,nezentlalo yomAfrika.

“Uquka bonke kumacala onke kodwa ke wona ngkwawo uyinxalenye yesicwangciso esiqalwayo nesikhulayo esinamandla okwakha isizwe.Iinkcukacha zesicwangciso sezithunyelwe kuzo zonke iinqila kwayalelwa ngokucacileyo ukuba amasebe akhuthazwe axoxe ngaso ngokukhululekileyo nangokuphandle.Ngako oko anduzukunaba ngeiscwangciso apha kodwa ndiza kugxininisa kwiinjongo zaso.”

UTSHINTSHO LWENGQONDO (MENTAL REVOLUTION )

“Sibekile kwixesha elidlulileyo,kuko konke esikubhalileyo,ukuba nawuphi na umzabalazo oqhutywa nanguwuphi na umbutho wenkululeko wokwenyani,mawunxulumane ngalo lonke ixesha kunye nezona njongo zingundonqo ukuze uncedise ekuphuhliseni mamandla okulwa ebantwni.Ngoku kungaphaya kweminyaka engama -300,igcuntswana labafiki abamhlophe elilawulayo lisebenzisa amandla alo ukubethelela kumAfrika ingcamango yokuzidela.Eli qela lifundise umAfrika kokuba ayamkele imeko ekuyiyo yobungqwangangqwili bomntu omhlophe nobuphantsi bomntu oNtsundu njengnto engumahlala ekho.”

“Ngumsebenzi wethu ukuzamazamana nezingcinga zobukhoboka ukuze sishumayele kwintlaninge yamaAfrika umoya wokuzithemba oyakwenza ukuba “axolele ukulamba ekhululekile kunokuba abenezinto zonke sesbukhobokeni,”ukuzimisela ekuyakwenza akhethe ukuzilauwula kurhulumente olungileyo okhethwa yinkokheli yeANC (Luthuli).”

“Mayicace kakuhle into yokuba asicengi gcuntswana labafiki okuba liphathe abantu bethu kakuhle.Silitsolisa kubantu bethu okokuba baqine baonakalise

isidima sabo.Sikhumbuza abantu bakuthi ukuba bangamadoda nabafazi abanabantwana babo kunye namakhaya abo. Njengokuba bengayifunu into yokuba sithi kubo “kewdini” okanye “mfana” okanye, “ moshemane”oko kuthetha inkwenkwe_mabawabhebhethe bangawavumi ngokunjalo loo magama nakubantu basemzini.

“Asinathemba lokuguquka kwentliziyo yomcinezeli ongmkrestu.Sikhumbuza abantu bakuthi ukuba ukwamkwela ukuthotywa isidima,nokuphoxwa kukwamkela ubuphantsi.Mabaqale bona ngkwabo bazazi ukuba bangamadoda namakhosikazi phambi kokuba bafune ukuphathwa ngolo hlobo.”

“Umzabalazo uza kubasengqondweni yomAfrika yakuba ingqodo ingqondo ikhululukile umzimba wokhawuleza ukhululekile.Bakuba ubungqwangangqwili babamhlophe bungafakwanga ngqondweni ngabantu bakuthi,abusobe bamkeleke nasekuhlleni bosuka ke buzifele.Ndqinisekile ngokwenene nje ukuba umzabalazo wokuzingca uqaliswe,abantungkwabo bovela besiza neziphakamiso ngaphambili zokuba zongezwe iindawo emazihlaselwe – yakuba yenzekile loo nto isiphelo sobungqwangangqwili babamhlophe nokuvela kwekululeko yomaAfrika,kule ndawo,kweli lizwekazi,zoba zigalelekile ezo zinto.”

UMZABALAZO OTHAMBILEYO ( SOFT CAMPAIGN )

“ Abathile kwiindawo zabo basityhola ngokujongana neziqu zethu,sibizwe ngokuba singaba “Mnumzana” “ nooNkosikazi”endaweni yokukhathalela ukujongana nengxaki enkulu kwezomnotho kumaAfrika.Impendulo yethu ithi bo izityholo ezinjalo zingavela kuphela kwabo bacinga ukuba umAfrika sisilwanyana sezomnotho,into yokutyiswa hayi umntu.Ngabo kuphela,abathe bahlanjwa iingqodo kuloo meko yabo yobukhoboka,abantu abangazi nowathwethwangobuni nobunjani besidima somAfrika,abanokulindela ukba sivuzise izinkcwe ukuze sifumane inguqu kwitafile yomcinezeli.

Abanye,kwakho,bathe sikhethe umzabalazo othambileyo ongenabungozi kuba sisoyikaukuzigxama kucalucalulo ngokupheleleyo.Mayicace kaloku into okuba asilwi nje ucalucalulo koko silwa yonke inkolelo yongqwangangqwili babamhlophe

.Kwaye siyiqonda ngokupheleleyo imeko nobungakanani bomsebenzi wethu.Asobe siwutyeshele.

“Zisuka nje ekuqaleni komzabalazo,iinkokheli ziya kuhamba ngaphambili.Zophawula zibonise oko kulizothe nmakukwaywe.Ziya kukwenza oko phantsi kwentetho elula nephololileyo ethi “ngaphandle kwebheyile,ngaphandle kwegqwetha,ngaphandle kwentlawulo”.Loo nto ntetho ayisobe itshintshwe side siyokufika kunxweme lenkululeko nokuzimela .”

INTLABA MKHOSI (CLARION CALL )

“Sizibiza ke ,okokuqala , amalungu ePAC angumongo,oovulindlela amabakhokele idabi ,nama Afrika ngokubanzi, kungasali nokuba libe,linye,makalindele ubizo.Okwaziswa ngenyathelo ngalinye esikithathayo.Wakuhlatywa umkhosi silindele onke aphendule ngokwabatu abaqeqeshwiweyo.Kuninzi okuza kulilisa ngaphambili.Umcinezeli kasobe ayamkele imeko engqengqile.Asisobe sibuye ngamva,iyakuhla ehlayo inyuke enyukayo.”

“Lo mzabalazo woqhutywa, ubonakaliswe, wandiswe ude umbuzo kaMasiza uphendulwe.(othi) “ Kode kube nini na zonk’izizwe zisinyasha ngenyawo ?Koda singabi nakuphendula.Soqhuba,boonyana neentombi zeAfrika kude kwingqugwala ngalinye,kwisitulo sodaka ngasinye esisenkomponi,kwindlu yengca nganye kwilali ekhala ibhungane,kwitlambo nganye nakwinduli nganye,isikhalo senkululeko nokuzimela kwamaAfrika sivakale.”

“ Siya kuqhuba side sihambe kwizitalato zezw lethu singamadoda namankazana akhululekileyo,sihambe sigcobile.Soqhubaide ifike imini xa wonke umntu oseAfrika woba ngumAfrika,xa ibala lomntu lingayi kusiwa so oku kokumila kweendlebe zakhe.Siya kuqhuba somelele,singahexi,sizimisele side isimbonono “iAfrika yeyamaAfrika,amaAfrika ngawoluNtu,uluNtu lolukaThixo, “sibe siyamkeleka; ade urhulemente wamaAfrika,(ophethwe) ngamaAfrika,(esenzela)amaAfrika abe ufezekile.

“Asisobe sijonge ngasemva ;asisobe siyilahle indlela.Bothi xa ubushushu bengcinezelo bunyuka sihlambuluka ngokuhlambuluka,sishiya ngasemva isinxibo

socalucalulo nokunye ukungcola,siphumela singabantu abazinzileyo engqondweni nasesiqwini sizigwagwisa ngento ethi : Kukho indoda enye kwilizwe lonke igama layo nguMadoda onke,kukho umfazi omnye elizweni lonke igama lakhe nguBafazi bonke”.

“Boonyana neentombi zeAfrika simi kanye ekungeneni kwexesha lembali. Siza kubona izinto zamehlo . Singoo vulindlela, sivukuza umbethe . Siyanimema ke nibe nathi,thina benzi bembali.Ngenelani kumngcelele oya enkululekweni.Ngqishani nathi sisiya ekuzalweni.Enkululekweni NGOKU.Ngomso kumanyano lamazwe eAfrika.”

IZWE LETHU !! IAFRIKA !!”