Interviews with first responders to Fox Lake police Lt. Joe Gliniewicz's death
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RESEARCH ARTICLE The Impact of Weight Loss on Cardiac Structure and Function in Obese Patients Mohsin Syed & Carl Rosati & Mikhail T. Torosoff & Mohammad El-Hajjar & Paul Feustel & Sharon Alger & Paul Singh & Steven Fein Received: 1 June 2008 / Accepted: 17 July 2008 / Published online: 9 September 2008 # Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008 Abstract Background Obesity frequently results in structural and physiologic changes in the cardiovascular system. Whether weight reduction leads to reversal of these changes is not well-established. This investigation sought to identify the effect of a weight reduction program on right and left ventricular structure and function. Methods Sixty-two patients presenting to the eating disor- ders clinic at a single academic institution for weight loss programs were prospectively enrolled. Baseline and follow- up transthoracic echocardiograms were obtained after at least 10% weight reduction or 6 months after baseline echocardiogram. Complete 2-dimensional echocardiograms were performed with M-mode, flow Doppler, and tissue Doppler evaluation. Results Patients lost an average of 28.2±3 kg over a period of 266±36 days. Left ventricular mass decreased significant- ly from 255.87± 12 to 228± 11 gm. There were no statistically significant changes in contractility or diastolic indices. The ratios of early-to-late diastolic mitral inflow velocities (E/A) increased from 1.30±0.05 to 1.32±0.06. The ratio of early mitral flow to early annular velocity (E/Em) also increased from 5.57±0.22 cm to 5.82±0.23 cm. Deceleration time increased from 213.26±5.3 s to 228.47±5.7 s. Conclusions Weight reduction is associated with decrease in left ventricular diastolic size and left ventricular mass. This weight reduction is not associated with statistically significant improvement in systolic or diastolic function. Keywords Obesity . Weight loss . Left ventricular mass . Diastolic dysfunction . Gastric surgery Introduction The World Health Organization states that obesity is one of the most blatantly visible, yet most neglected public health problems. The prevalence of overweight individuals in the United States has been increasing in recent years with 64.5% of the adult population being overweight and 30.5% being obese [1]. It is well-established that obesity is linked to an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [2, 3]. Indeed, several studies have shown that obesity results in structural changes in the heart including left atrial and left ventricular dilatation and increased left ventricular mass [4–6]. While systolic left ventricular function does not appear to be affected by obesity, some investigators have suggested worsening diastolic function in obese patients. The impact of weight reduction on reversal of these changes is less well-established. Several studies have reported contra- dictory results [7–13]. This study was aimed at defining the impact of weight loss on cardiac chamber size and function. Materials and Methods In this study, we prospectively evaluated the effect of weight loss on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac OBES SURG (2009) 19:36–40 DOI 10.1007/s11695-008-9645-1 M. Syed (*) : M. El-Hajjar Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA e-mail: [email protected]C. Rosati : M. T. Torosoff : P. Feustel : S. Alger : P. Singh : S. Fein Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA C. Rosati e-mail: [email protected]
Interviews with first responders to Fox Lake police Lt. Joe Gliniewicz's death
The Village of Fox Lake on Monday released 18 pages containing summaries of interviews Lake County Major Task Force investigators conducted with the first responding officers to Fox Lake police Lt. Joe Gliniewicz's death in response to a Freedom of Information Act request. The interviews spanned from Sept. 1 when Gliniewicz's death sparked a massive manhunt and into the following weeks.
