Date: ______________

Agenda Number your notebook and label the top the following:

DUT

Notes on Ecology

Symbiosis- Go FISH! Interims at end

EVEN Pages-LEFT SIDE

Page 198- Concept Map

Page 200- Sequence

Page 202- Warm Ups

Page 204- Symbiosis Go Fish

ODD Pages-RIGHT SIDE

Page 199- Quizzes

Page 201- Study Guide

Page 203- Vocabulary

Page 205- Intro to Ecology

Notes

What is it?

What is an ecosystem?

How do organisms rely on each other, even if they are members of different species?

What are predators? Prey?

What is a niche?

What is competition?

Think About it….

Ecology deals with relationships….

What kind of interactions do you have with living things in our environment?

Ecosystems Ecosystem: community (all organisms in a given area) and the abiotic factors (non-living) that affect them

Abiotic factors: water, soil, climate

What would be some biotic factors?

What makes an ecosystem stable? Stable ecosystems have…

Population numbers of each organism fluctuate at a predictable rate

Supply of resources in the physical environment fluctuates at a predictable rate

Energy flows through the ecosystem at a fairly constant rate over time

Interactions Organisms in an ecosystem CONSTANTLY interact.

These interactions create stability in ecosystems.

What are the types of interactions?

Predation

Competition

Symbiosis

Predation Predation: interaction between species in which one species (PREDATOR) eats the other (PREY)

Regulates population and causes it to become stable

Fluctuations are predictable

At some point, the

prey population grows so numerous, they are easy to find

A typical predator-prey relationship…

As the prey population increases, predator population increases.

As the predator population increases, the prey population decreases.

Competition Competition: relationship that occurs when 2+ organisms need the same resource at the same time

It can be between members of the SAME or DIFFERENT species

Usually occurs with organisms that share the same niche

Niche: role of an organism in its environment, including the food it eats, how it obtains that food, and how it interacts with other organisms

2 species with identical ecological niches cannot exist in the same habitat

Competition usually results in a decrease in the population of a species less adapted to compete for a particular resource

Symbiotic Relationships Symbiotic relationship: two different species live together in direct contact

Balance of the ecosystem is adapted to this relationship

If the population of either species becomes unbalanced, populations of both will fluctuate in an uncharacteristic manner

Types

Parasitism

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism What is it? One organism (parasite) benefits while the other (host) is harmed.

Parasite generally does not kill the host – a good parasite only uses the host for its needs.

If a parasite does kill the host, it can have a negative effect on the parasite. The parasite needs to have a living host long enough for the parasite to reproduce and spread.

Parasite can live ON or IN

the host.

Parasitism Examples Mistletoe

Lice

Bacteria

Tapeworms

Heartworms

Mutualism What is it? Both organisms benefit.

Both organisms work closely together and help each other survive

Mutualism Examples Bacteria that live in the digestive tracts of termites – help the termites digest wood

Plant roots that provide food for fungi that break down nutrients the plant needs

Commensalism What is it? One organism BENEFITS while the other is NOT AFFECTED.

Difficult to determine – how do we know whether the other organism is harmed or helped?

Commensalism Examples Barnacles that attach to whales are dispersed to different environments where they can obtain food and reproduce.

Burdock seeds that attach to organisms and are carried to locations where they can germinate.

REMEMBER

Commensalism- A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or helped.

Mutualism- A relationship in which both organisms benefit.

Parasitism- A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed

Symbiosis- Go Fish

Study Guide Questions 14-21

GAME ON!

The dealer passes out 5 cards to each player.

Person to the LEFT of the dealer starts the game by asking another player for a specific card.

If it does not match- draw from pile

If matches- must say what type of symbiotic relationship exists (ALL MEMBERS MUST AGREE)

Play continues until all matches have been made

Focus Questions 1. What is an ecosystem?

2. What are the requirements of a stable ecosystem?

3. What are the 3 ways that organisms can interact?

4. Describe predation.

5. How do the populations of predators and prey vary in this type of relationship?

6. What is competition?

7. What is a niche?

8. What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?

9. Describe parasitism. Give an example.

10.Describe mutualism. Give an example.

11.Describe commensalism. Give an example.