Internet use in Peru: collective access as the main way of connection Ana María Fernández-Maldonado Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology

Internet use in Peru: collective access as the main way of connection Ana Mara Fernndez-Maldonado

Faculty of ArchitectureDelft University of Technology

ContentsIntroductionThe context: the telecommunications sectorInternet use in Lima: main featuresDiscussion:Internet and the governmentInternet and the youth in times of crisisSignificance of Internet usePresent realities and contradictions

Teledensity evolutionSource: OSIPTEL, 2005

Grafiek1

2.60.1

3.20.2

4.50.3

5.40.8

6.21.7

6.12.9

6.24

6.25.1

5.96.7

6.18.5

6.710.7

7.414.4

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony

Lines per 100 inhabitants

Blad1

Mobile telephonyFixed telephonyTotal

19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2

Fixed telephonyMobile telephony

19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Teledensity in Latin America in 2003Source: ITU, 2004

Grafiek1

65.8

47.2

42.4

40.1

39.6

36.9

34.5

34.1

30.3

23.8

17.3

Total teledensity 2003

Teledensity

Blad1

CountryTotal teledensity 2003

Chile65.8

Uruguay47.2

Brazil42.4

Mexico40.1

Argentina39.6

Venezuela36.9

Paraguay34.5

Colombia34.1

Ecuador30.3

Bolivia23.8

Peru17.3

Blad1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total teledensity 2003

Teledensity

Blad2

Blad3

Share of Telefonica in fixed and mobile telephony in 2005Fixed telephonyMobile telephonySource: OSIPTEL, 2005

Grafiek7

0.96140.4478

0.03180.174

0.00570.3112

0.00090.0668

Blad1

Mobile telephonyFixed telephony

19930.12.6

19940.23.2

19950.34.5

19960.85.4

19971.76.2

19982.96.1

199946.2

20005.16.2

20016.75.9

20028.56.1

200310.76.7

200414.47.4

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad3

Telefonica96.14%

Bell South3.18%

Telmex0.57%

Americatel (Telecom Italy)0.09%

Blad3

00.4478

00.174

00.3112

00.0668

Blad4

0.4478

0.174

0.3112

0.0668

Telefonica44.78%

Bell South (Telefonica)17.40%

TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

0

0

0

0

MBD0002B743.xls

Grafiek4

0.12.6

0.23.2

0.34.5

0.85.4

1.76.2

2.96.1

46.2

5.16.2

6.75.9

8.56.1

10.76.7

14.47.4

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Grafiek2

0.96140.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

0.03180.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

0.00570.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

0.00090.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

0

0

0

0

Grafiek8

0.4478

0.174

0.3112

0.0668

Bell South /Telefonica17%

Blad1


19930.12.6

19940.23.2

19950.34.5

19960.85.4

19971.76.2

19982.96.1

199946.2

20005.16.2

20016.75.9

20028.56.1

200310.76.7

200414.47.4

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad3

Telefonica96.14%

Bell South3.18%

Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.4478

00.174

00.3112

00.0668

Blad4

0.4478

0.174

0.3112

0.0668

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

0

0

0

0

MBD0002B743.xls

Grafiek4

0.12.6

0.23.2

0.34.5

0.85.4

1.76.2

2.96.1

46.2

5.16.2

6.75.9

8.56.1

10.76.7

14.47.4

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Grafiek2

0.96140.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

0.03180.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

0.00570.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

0.00090.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

0

0

0

0

Share of Telefonica in the Internet marketResidential market 2003Business market 2002Source: Apoyo, 2003

Grafiek9

0.24

0.19

0.11

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.19

Blad1


19930.12.6

19940.23.2

19950.34.5

19960.85.4

19971.76.2

19982.96.1

199946.2

20005.16.2

20016.75.9

20028.56.1

200310.76.7

200414.47.4

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad3

Telefonica96.14%

Bell South3.18%

Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.4478

00.174

00.3112

00.0668

Blad4

0.4478

0.174

0.3112

0.0668

Blad5

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad5

0

0

0

0

Blad6

Telefonica Cable Modem24%

Telefonica ADSL19%

Terra11%

Telefonica9%

ECRed9%

Via BCP9%

Others19%

Blad6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Telefonica36%

Terra15%

AT&T12%

Millicom11%

Red Cientifica10%

Qnet4%

Digital Way3%

Others9%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MBD0002B743.xls

Grafiek4

0.12.6

0.23.2

0.34.5

0.85.4

1.76.2

2.96.1

46.2

5.16.2

6.75.9

8.56.1

10.76.7

14.47.4

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Grafiek2

0.96140.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

0.03180.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

0.00570.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

0.00090.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

0

0

0

0

Grafiek11

0.36

0.15

0.12

0.11

0.1

0.04

0.03

0.09

Blad1


19930.12.6

19940.23.2

19950.34.5

19960.85.4

19971.76.2

19982.96.1

199946.2

20005.16.2

20016.75.9

20028.56.1

200310.76.7

200414.47.4

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad3

Telefonica96.14%

Bell South3.18%

Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.4478

00.174

00.3112

00.0668

Blad4

0.4478

0.174

0.3112

0.0668

Blad5

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad5

0

0

0

0

Blad6

Telefonica Cable Modem24%

Telefonica ADSL19%

Terra11%

Telefonica9%

ECRed9%

Via BCP9%

Others19%

Blad6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Telefonica36%

Terra15%

AT&T12%

Millicom11%

Red Cientifica10%

Qnet4%

Digital Way3%

Others9%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

MBD0002B743.xls

Grafiek4

0.12.6

0.23.2

0.34.5

0.85.4

1.76.2

2.96.1

46.2

5.16.2

6.75.9

8.56.1

10.76.7

14.47.4

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Grafiek2

0.96140.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

0.03180.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

0.00570.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

0.00090.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

0

0

0

0

Places of connection in Lima in 2004Source: Apoyo, 2004

Grafiek1

0.88

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.07

Lima

Blad1

Lima

Cabinas/cybercafs88%

Home14%

Workplace12%

School/University10%

Relative or friends home7%

Mexican cities

37%

78%

62%

26%

14%

Blad1

0

0

0

0

0

Lima

Blad2

Blad3

Places of connection in Mexican cities in 2004Source: AMIPCI, 2004

Grafiek2

0.37

0.78

0.62

0.26

0.14

Mexican cities

Blad1

Lima


Home68%

Workplace62%



Mexican cities


Home78%

Workplace62%



Blad1

0

0

0

0

0

Lima

Blad2

0

0

0

0

0

Mexican cities

Blad3

Main place of connection in Lima in 2004Source: Apoyo, 2004

Grafiek1

0.88

0.14

0.12

0.1

0.07

Lima

Blad1

Lima


Home14%

Workplace12%



Mexican cities

37%

78%

62%

26%

14%

Blad1

0

0

0

0

0

Lima

Blad2

Blad3

Grafiek3

0.77

0.09

0.08

0.04

0.02

Blad1

UsersHome connection

A sector83%73%

B sector81%21%

C sector44%2%

D sector44%0%

Blad1

00

00

00

00

Users

Home connection

Blad2

20032004

A sector83%84%

B sector81%79%

C sector44%55%

D sector30%37%

E sector14%30%

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

2003

2004

Blad3

Cabina77%

Home9%

Work8%

School/university4%

Relative or friend's home2%

Blad3

0

0

0

0

0

Lima: socio-economic sectors in 2003Average monthly household income:Total average : $ 434Median : $ 257US$ 3500US$ 890US$ 352US$ 162Source: Apoyo (2003)

Grafiek3

0.036

0.163

0.266

0.535

Blad1

A Sector3.6%

B sector16.3%

C sector26.6%

D sector53.5%

Blad1

0

0

0

0

Blad2

Blad3

Internet use according to income sectors in 2004Source: Apoyo, 2004

Grafiek3

0.840.73

0.790.31

0.550.07

0.370.01

0.30

Internet use

Home connection

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

Blad5

0

0

0

0

Blad7

Telefonica Cable network24%

Telefonica ADSL19%

Terra11%

Telefonica9%

ECRed9%

Via BCP9%

Others19%

Telefonica36%

Terra15%

AT&T12%

Millicom11%

Red Cientifica10%

Qnet4%

Digital Way3%

Others9%

Blad7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Blad6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Internet useHome connection

A sector (high income)84%73%

B sector (middle income)79%31%

C sector (low income)55%7%

D sector (very low income)37%1%

E Sector (extreme poor)30%0%

00

00

00

00

00

Internet use

Home connection

8 to 1112 to 1718 to 2425 to 3031 to 4041 to 5051 to 70

Internet use58%85%61%49%33%30%21%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Internet use

Growth of Internet use 2003-2004% PenetrationSource: Apoyo, 2004

Grafiek1

0.830.84

0.810.79

0.440.55

0.30.37

0.140.3

2003

2004

Blad1

UsersHome connection

A sector83%73%

B sector81%21%

C sector44%2%

D sector44%0%

Blad1

00

00

00

00

Users

Home connection

Blad2

20032004

A sector83%84%

B sector81%79%

C sector44%55%

D sector30%37%

E sector14%30%

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

2003

2004

Blad3

Internet use according to age group in 2004% PenetrationSource: Apoyo, 2004

Grafiek1

0.58

0.85

0.61

0.49

0.33

0.3

0.21

Internet use

Blad1


19930.12.62.7

19940.23.23.5

19950.34.54.8

19960.85.46.4

19971.76.27.9

19982.96.19

199946.210.2

20005.16.211.3

20016.75.912.6

20028.56.114.6

200310.76.717.4

200414.47.421.8

Blad1

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Mobile telephony

Fixed telephony

Blad2


19932.60.1

19943.20.2

19954.50.3

19965.40.8

19976.21.7

19986.12.9

19996.24

20006.25.1

20015.96.7

20026.18.5

20036.710.7

20047.414.4

Blad2

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Fixed telephony

Mobile telephony


Blad3

Telefonica96.14%


Telmex0.57%


Blad3

00.44780.44780.44780.44780.4478

00.1740.1740.1740.1740.174

00.31120.31120.31120.31120.3112

00.06680.06680.06680.06680.0668

Blad4

Telefonica44.78%


TIM31.12%

Nextel6.68%

Blad4

Blad5

0

0

0

0

Blad6

Telefonica Cable network24%

Telefonica ADSL19%

Terra11%

Telefonica9%

ECRed9%

Via BCP9%

Others19%

Telefonica36%

Terra15%

AT&T12%

Millicom11%

Red Cientifica10%

Qnet4%

Digital Way3%

Others9%

Blad6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8 to 1112 to 1718 to 2425 to 3031 to 4041 to 5051 to 70

Internet use58%85%61%49%33%30%21%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Internet use

118 cybercafesSource: Juvenet (2004)

Main features of Internet use in LimaTelecommunications is a privatized sector dominated by one only firm Telefonicas tariffs policy a very low level of teledensity The governments role low level of participation.High demand for Internet connection collective access points have proliferated The democratization of Internet use in Lima especially observed in youth groups.

Internet and the governmentThe diffusion of Internet is not really a matter of government concerns. Implicit agreement between the state and the poor functions in Lima since the 1950s. After housing, economic activities and public transportation, the informal sector is now significant in the ICT sector.However, government involvement is needed for going forward a vision and action plan.

Internet and youth in LimaLima high proportion of young people without a job. Results:EmigrationMore education Retreat into blas and individualistic attitudesCrime, social and political violenceInternet use:Young - university or school - students of Andean origin massively opt for connection to the global networks Internet is providing hope for a better future

Significance of Internet useYouth and people from lower-income sectors Internet use is effectively improving their livesInternet means much more for the poor than for the affluent groups. It makes communication possible.Users think they appropriate a global lifestyle, synonymous of progress and modernity. Internet flows are also spreading conventional views and a commercial and superficial culture

Present realities of Internet use in PeruInternet use is promoting contradictory trends towards social exclusion and democratization.In access to telecommunication servicesIn educationIn social and cultural aspects These new processes and trends are contributing to make the urban scene more contested than ever.

Documents

Internet use in Peru: collective access as the main way of connection Ana María Fernández-Maldonado Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology