Internet of Things

IoT

• Novel paradigm– Rapidly gaining ground in the wireless scenario

• Basic idea– Pervasive presence around us a variety of things or objects– Objects can see, hear, perform jobs– Which are able to interact/talk to each other– To reach a common goal

• IoT transforms these objects from traditional to smart– Exploiting underlying technology– Embedded device, communication, sensor network, IP

• Growing number of objects are being connected to internet– Connecting -Thermostats and

Heating/Ventilation/AC monitoring and control– Enable smart homes

Evolution of Internet

Introduction

• “Anytime, anywhere, anymedia” – vision pushing forward the advances in communication – Add “anything”– Increase the radio connection– Reduction in size, weight, energy, cost

What is IOT?

Challenges

• Full inter-operability of interconnected devices • Providing them higher degree of smartness – Adaptation and autonomous power– Guaranteeing trust, security, privacy

• Things are low resource– Energy and computation power

• Scalability – Solutions should pay attention

IOT Elements

IOT Elements

• Communication– Low power communication over noisy channel– Various methods like NFC, RFID, WiFi, LTE

• Computation– Hardware platform (Raspberry PI)– Software Platform(RTOS)-Contiki, Cooja simulator,

TiniOS, IoV – Cloud platform

IOT Elements

• Services– Identity-related services– Information Aggregation Services• Smart health

– Collaborative-Aware Services• Smart home, ITS

– Ubiquitous Services

Enabling Technologies

• IoT concept to realization– Integration of several enabling technology– Building blocks

• Identification – Name each object-Match the service with their demand – Electronic Product Code, Ubiquitous code

• Addressing objects – Object ID and address– “T1” name of the temperature sensor (not globally unique) – Object address=>address in the communication network (IPv4, 6)

EPC

Key concept-RFID system

• Identification of objects• Two components • Composed (a) Readers (b) RFID tags • Tags

– Passive– Active – Battery assisted passive

• Read only/Read-write • Contains IC & Antenna • Reader

– Active reader– Passive reader

• Monitors objects in real time – Without line of sight – Maps real to virtual world

Sensors

• Sensor networks play a major role in IoT• Co-operate with RFID system to better track objects

– Location, temp, movement etc• Consists a (large) number of sensing nodes

– Homogenous/ heterogeneous – Communicating in wireless, multihop fashion

• Three different architecture– Flat

• Data transfer from static sensor to a sink

– Two layer arch. • Multiple static and mobile sink

– Three layer arch.• Multiple sensor networks are connected over Internet • IoT

Layers in sensor network

• Data generated by sensors • Data collected by sinks • Sink nodes send the data to low-end computational device =>high end-

>cloud – Shared, stored, processed

• Information processing and communication at different layers– Capability and trade off

Data flow

Sensor network and IoT

• Sensor network-Most essential component of IoT– Data collected from sensors– Processed and decision made– Actuators perform action

Differences• (1) SN=> thin layer of software

– IoT=> thick layer (middleware, API)(2) SN application specific (monitoring)IoT is not focused on specific application Example-pressure sensor – health of a bridgeIoT: track traffic Middleware should provide generic services

Relationship between Sensor Network and IOT

Features of IoT• Intelligence : Application of knowledge

– Collect data and infer rules (high level info)– Modelling data

• Scale and Architecture : Hybrid arch. Event driven-door sensor Time driven – temperature sensor • Complex system : Large number of objects

– Interact– Appear/disappear – Various capability

• Time consideration – real time event detection • Space – Location of the objects

– Context detection

IOT Architecture

IOT Architecture

• Object Layer– Sensors of IOT that collect and process information

• Object Abstraction– Data communication from sensors to next layer using various

wireless channels• Service management

– Connects service to the requester• Application

– Provides service requested by end user (temp and humidity measurement)

• Business– Manages overall IOT service and activities

• Middleware– A layer between technological layer and

application layer– Facilitate the developer – Uses SOA

Typical SOA architecture

IOT Architecture

• Application– Top layer– Uses standard web service protocols

• Service Composition– Composition of the single services offered by

networked objects– No notion of devices

IOT Architecture

• Service Management– Object dynamic discovery, status monitoring and

service configuration• Object Abstraction– Interface sub-layer– Communication sub-layer

• Privacy and Security– Middleware must include component for privacy

and security

IOT Architecture