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Internet Basics
A management-level overview of the Internet, its architecture,
capabilities, and protocols.
Copyright 2011 SPMI / Online Development
What is the The Internet? A Technical Answer
The Internet is a network of networks, reaching around the world, connecting computers of all shapes and sizes, all exchanging data through a standard called “TCP/IP”.
The shape and content of the Internet change continually, as computers and networks are added and removed.
What is the The Internet? A Functional Answer
A set of Protocols (applications), including:• Electronic Mail• Usenet Newsgroups• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)• Hypertext Transfer (The World Wide Web)• Others
Connecting to the Internet
PC
Your Access Provider(ex: Netcom, AOL)
Other Computers, most withdedicated connections.
Dial-upor directAccess
Communications
Computers communicate on the Internet using a standard technique called TCP/IP.
IP
TCP
IP
TCP
(message)
How Data Gets Around
The TCP/IP standard is used to move packets of data across the Internet.
Each packet is:• Broken down• Transmitted• Received• Re-assembled
Client- Server Architecture
PC
Server Software
Direct,SLIP,or PPPAccess
PC
ShellAccountAccess
Server Software& Client Software
Client Software(E-mail, Web, News,FTP, Gopher, Web)
SimpleComm.Package
vs.
Electronic Mail
E-mail is the exchange of free-form messages between users of computers connected to the Internet. Each user has an E-mail address.
E-mail client programs usually include store, reply, forward, delete, and file- attachment capabilities.
Electronic Mail (cont.)
E-mail is the Internet’s least common denominator, with over 40 million users having Internet E-mail access.
Many E-mail servers are only occasionally connected to the Internet, in order to collect and send messages to and from the server’s local users.
Electronic Mail - Graphic
PC
Mail Server
Other Computers
SendMessagesRead
Messages
MailReaderProgram
Mail Server Mail Server
Other Users
Other Users
Usenet News
Usenet is a very large, distributed bulletin board system, which is continuously transferred among Usenet sites across the Internet.
Usenet content is comprised of a large number of articles, posted by users, and organized by topic into Newsgroups.
Usenet News - Graphic
PC
News Server
Other Computers
Post ArticlesRead
Postings
NewsReader
News Server News Server
Other UsersOther Users
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP is the tool used for downloading (and occasionally uploading) files between computers on the Internet.
FTP works with two types of files:• ASCII Files (unformatted text).• Binary Files (programs, formatted data,
pictures, sound, video).
FTP - Graphic
PC
FTP Server
Other “Archives”
Upload &DownloadFiles
Upload &DownloadFiles
FTP Client
FTP Server FTP Server
The World Wide Web
The Web is the collection of servers, documents, and links which are accessible to anyone with Internet access and a Web client browser.
The Web uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol to link Web pages from various computers together.
World Wide Web - Graphic
PC
Web Server
WebBrowser
Web Server
Web Server
Requests (Clicks)
Documents (Pages, Files)
Links
Links
“Surfing” the Web
PC WebBrowser(ex: Netscape Navigator)
Links
Web Server Web Server Web Server
PagePage Page
Page
Page
Web Page
L
L
L
How businesses use the Internet - 1
PC
Exchange E-mail with customers
and suppliers.
InternalComputer
* Product Information* Promotion Announcements* Newsletters* Order Forms* Text, Sound, Images, Video
Supplier orCustomer
How businesses use the Internet - 2
Gather product and technical information from the World Wide Web.
AcmeWidgets
Welcome to the Home pagefor the Acme Widget Company.Check out our product info andtechnical bulletins in these Webpages.
A
How businesses use the Internet - 3
Interact with potential customers through Usenet Newsgroups.
Widgets Newsgroup
Post Read
Read Post
How businesses use the Internet - 4
Distribute and collect files and software, through FTP.
File Transfer
Note: Most files have to be uncompressed after they are downloaded.
Any Internet Hostwith an FTP Server
* Internet Programs* Sound, Video* Technical Items* Formatted Text
How businesses use the Internet - 5
Promote your company and products on the WWW.
CoswellCogs
Welcome to the Home Pagefor the Coswell Cog Company.Check out our company background and new productannouncements on the next few pages.
C
Service Provider
YourWebPage(s)
Target Market
How businesses use the Internet - 6
Process transactions throughE-mail and the Web. (Advanced)
Seller Buyer
Encryption
Digital Cash
Prior Arrangement
Others