Internet and Computer Networks Evolution

Bogdan IANCUDepartment of Computer Science (UTCN)

Agenda

Internet Evolution

World Wide Web (WWW) Evolution

Technological Impact

Future Internet

State-of-the-art applications

Internet Evolution

"The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior“ (Dr. Phil)

Introduction

"All Science Is Computer Science"(New York Times, 2001)

The Internet global network connecting millions of computers network of networks, a networking infrastructure

Romania Internet Usage

2012 – approx. 12 million Internet users

YEAR Users Population % Pop.2000 800,000 22,217,700 3.60%2004 4,000,000 21,377,426 18.70%2006 4,940,000 21,154,226 23.40%2007 5,062,500 21,154,226 23.90%2010 7,786,700 21,959,278 35.50%

Computer Network Devices

Topologies and network devices

Physical Layer

Wireless RF Infrared Microwave

Wired Copper: UTP, FTP, STP Optical fiber

Data link Layer Connecting devices in a LAN

Wireless AP (Access Point)

Wired Switch

MAC address unique identifier assigned

to network interfaces (48 bits)

Network Layer Connecting different LANs

Wireless Wireless Router

Wired Router

IP address Version 4 (32 bits) Version 6 – auto-configuration (128 bits)

(2001:0db8:3c4d:0015:0000:0000:abcd:ef12 )

Topologies and network devices

Traditional solution

Requirements: Office space Servers Cooling

UPS Operating systems, softwares,

upgrades, patches Firewalls, Intrusion prevention

systems, spam control, … Failover Disaster recovery Team of experts

Traditional solution disadvantages

Time consumption

Higher costs

Slow scaling

high performance computing machine designed to have extremely fast processing speeds

Multiple connected computers that work together they can be viewed as a single system

Distributed system

Cloud Solution

Google Data Center

VIDEO: Explore a Google data center with Street View

Cloud Computing Benefits

Highly optimized virtual data centers.

Software, Hardware available for use when needed: pay per use basis.

Instant scale up / scale down.

Fast to get started, costs less.

Multi-tenancy

Cloud market

Google

Google apps: http://www.google.com/apps

Google calendar. Google docs. Google videos.

Synchronization and access with mobile devices and apps Android, iPhone, Blackberry

Cloud market

Microsoft

Cloud market

Cisco

The platform enabling the world of many clouds

Cloud market

Dropbox

Cloud-storage service.

Simple and reliable.

Secure solution.

More than 45 million people depend on Dropbox.

Files synchronized with PC and smartphone.

WWW

World Wide Web

a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet (built on top of the Internet)

an open information space where the documents are linked, and where anyone who is connected can see any and link to any document (Leuf 2006, 4)

a techno-social system to interact humans based on technological networks (Aghaei et al. 2012, 1)

Web 1.0 – connects information

read-only web a mono-directional tool

Services: Websites, online journals, online archives, Internet radio/podcasting, electronic calendar Etc.

Web 2.0 – connects people

read-write web people-centric web the interactive web, the participative web

The main technologies and services are Email Blogs (+ photoblogs, videoblogs and podcats) Really simple syndication (RSS) Wikies (a web that can be edited by anyone) Social networks Mobile telecommunication Etc.

Top 5 countries with the highest population

Country Population1 China 1,343,239,9232 India 1,205,073,612

Facebook 1,060,000,0003 United States 313,847,4654 Indonesia 248,645,0085 Brazil 193,946,886

Web 3.0 – connects knowledge

Semantic Web, Transcendent Web Purpose: make the web readable by

machines and not only by humans

Four key elements Social Web Semantic Web Internet of Things Artificial Intelligence

The impact of Web evolution on users

Techno-social system

Cognition (Web 1.0) Communication (Web 2.0) Cooperation (Web 3.0)

in order to co-operate one needs to communicate and in order to communicate one needs to cognize (Fuchs 2010, 767)

Web 4.0, Web 5.0…Web X.0 – connect intelligence

Poorly developed even at the level of ideas

Web 4.0 is believed to be a web of integration, in which human mind and machines can interact in symbiosis (Aghaei et al. 2012, 1-2)

Web 5.0 is mentally configured as a sensory emotive space of interaction (Kambil 2008)

Technological impact

"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.“ (S. Jobs)

Technological context and impact

Multitude of information sources

Speed and mobility of the new technologies

Need to improve competitiveness through innovation and investment

Future Internet

“This is the first opportunity to connect the physical and digital world. That is revolutionary.”

Future Internet

Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of People (IoP) Internet of Energy (IoE) Internet of Media (IoM) Internet of Services (IoS)

Internet of Things (IoT)

a dynamic global network infrastructure where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes, virtual personalities, use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly

integrated into the information network

smart things/objects are expected to become active participants in business

machine-to-machine communication

IoT

Connecting Anything Anyone Anytime

Using Any network Any service

Example of communication between objects: My fridge knows that

the bottle of milk is almost empty and it orders another bottle from the supermarket

Internet of Things (IoT)

a dynamic global network infrastructure of physical and virtual “things”

smart things/objects machine-to-machine communication

Telstra - future networks VIDEO: Our Connected Future - Future

Technology Vision - Telstra Innovation

State-of-the-art Applications

Semantic web advertising Specific brand ads placed on specific web

pages based on contextual relevance

Ads relevance

It it believed that an ad (text and image) that is topically related to a Web page is relevant

An example in this sense is an ad for sneakers placed on a sport news page

However, if the target is taking into account, the ads can be properly placed on a page

a picture of a sunset in an ad promoting life insurance has different meanings than a picture of a sunset in an ad for beer

Affective computing Definition

Computing that relates to, arise from, or influence emotions or other affective phenomena

Aims enhanced user interaction new tools for marketers

Affective computing Sources of communicating affective and cognitive

information

Classic sources

face detection one of the richest sources The facial expressions exhibited in viewers while

watching commercials predict strength of recall of the brand

voice detection vocal tract, excitation, duration and intonation

body language detection

Affective computing

New sources

touch screen interaction/ touch sensitive screen hand temperature/ umidity touch power/duration/repetition

Emphasize the profile of the person and the emotional state of the person and can further recommend certain brands (products and services)

ambient light detection

Affective computing - applications

Intelligent systems that record vocal tract, intonation etc.

Neuromarketing – links the consumer behavior to the neurosciences

Decodes what the consumer believes about a brand

Affective computing - applications

Advantages correlate human behaviours /emotions with the

interfaces/sensors on smartdevices (smartphones, tablet PCs) create users’ behavioral patterns matches social content with users emotions

Kinetics

Kinect Wii

Affective computing - applications University of Tokyo Sony CSL (Computer Science

Labs) “Happiness Counter” connected to a regular refrigerator scans a person’s face as they stand in front of the

refrigerator the door smoothly opens with a smile

Augmented Reality

Definition A view of reality that is modified or completed

by the computer

Aims enhanced user interaction new tool for marketers and clients

Augmented reality - applications Nokia City Lens

AR application that allows users to get more information about a location simply by pointing their camera at the location

Augmented reality - applications IKEA – 2013 catalog – let consumers access films,

interactive experience and photo galleries with their smartphones

Augmented reality - applications Vodafone – Digital library

Augmented reality - applications Google Glasses

Augmented reality - applications

Advantages using users’s behavioral

patterns/profile matches content with users needs

SixSense project a phone pad make a phone call

Users looking for the closest favorite

store place computer-generated graphics in

their field of vision.

Augmented reality

Other future possibilities:

Trying on clothes from home

Smelling perfumes from home

Feeling the texture of a blouse remotely

Near Filed Communication (NFC)

Wireless network

Definition: a no contact wireless form of short range communication in mobile phones and devices including

payment cards replacement for QR codes (quick response

codes)

Aims: enhanced user interaction new tool for marketers and clients

NFC - applications Advantages

using NFC sensor from devices matches user’s preference with

content

"Smart Posters“ place tags in traditional print-based

objects

can recognize someone approaching the sign with an NFC-enabled smartphone

read the user's preferences.

customize the message on the display for

that user

Smart objects’ communication Objects connected to Internet that

communicate between them

Eg. Telephone communicates with the coffee machine in order to start making a certain type of coffee at a certain hour for a certain number of people

Eg. Objects that remember the owner favorite food and order it from a certain restaurant (that owns the technology)

Smart objects’ communication

Eg. A broken phone orders by itself a new component from the support center

User privacy?

IoT

Conclusion The future of applications

Content + Contextual information

Based on future Internet technology and trends Create the new infrastructure Adopt the new technology within advertising campaigns

IoT

How / Who will manage Future Internet platform?

“A lot of time, people don’t know what they want until you show it to them.”

Steve Jobs