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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM ON WATER-ROCK
INTERACTION/MALVERN/3-8 AUGUST 1989
Water-Rock Interaction
WRI-6
Edited by
DOUGLAS L.MILESBritish Geological Survey, Wallingford
universitAtsbibliot hekhan1.o'",,:r
TEO'NlfiGHENlfORMATIOi \V MWOTHEK
A.A.BALKEMA /ROTTERDAM /BROOKFIELD /1989
Water-Rock Interaction, Miles (ed), © 1989 Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 9061919703
Contents
Natural diagenesis: A model for artificial diagenesis during steam-assisted recovery ofheavy 1oil, Cold Lake, Alberta, CanadaHugh JAbercrombie, Maurice Shevalier & Ian KHutcheon
Heavy metal transport and retention in porous media - Relation between possibilities of 5parameter estimation from laboratory experiments and hydrogeochemical nature ofwater-rock exchange processesTAbraham, H'Jordan & RHaefher
The applicationofsmall-angle neutron scattering to the study ofmass transfer in clays 9AJAllen, AMBaston, PJ.Bourke & NLJejferies
Dissolution offeldspar: The first step 15EgonAlthaus & Editha Tirtadinata
Radon and helium modelling ofan HDR geothermal reservoir 19J.NAndrews &N. Hussain
Natural ion-chromatography during fresh-/sea water displacements in aquifers; A 23hydrogeochemical model ofthe pastCAJAppelo, LPonten & HJZ.Beekman
Metamorphic fluid migration through grain boundary during a contact metamorphism 29YorkoArita & Hideki Wada
Surface geochemical studies ofgeothermal areas without springs 33HalldbrArmannsson
Chlorine andboron in natural waters in Iceland 37SArndrsson, S.R.Gislason, KGestsdottir & N.dskarsson
Application ofthe quasi-stationary state approximation to interpretwater-rock interactions in 41
open hydrothermal systemsR.CArthur
3He/*He-ratios as indicators ofthe origin ofhelium in groundwater Examples from the deep 45Nagra boreholes inNorthern SwitzerlandWBalderer & BELehmann
Variations ofthe permeability and fine particle migrations in unconsolidatedsandstones 49submitted to saline circulationsJ.Baudracco
VII
Effects of nonhydrostatic stress at the solution-solid interface 55
Brian Bayly
Quantitative modelling of granite water interactions: Application to Stripa mine waters 59
CBeaucaire, D.Grimaud & GMichard
Effluent-ignimbrite interactions at Kinleith, New Zealand 65
ARBell, A.P.W.Hodder & W.EBardsley
Silica-organic complexes and enhanced quartz dissolution in water by organic acids 69
Philip CBennett & DonaldI.Siegel
A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time 73
RobertABerner & DonaldE.Canfield
Studies of the near-surface spatial and depth distributions ofuranium sorbed onto granite 75
mineral assemblagesJABerry, N.LJefferies & AXLittleboy
Geochemical monitoring of thermal oil recovery processes using produced water chemistry 79
G.WBird, WD.Gunter & EKPerkins
The origin ofhigh sodium bicarbonate waters in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia 83
Roger Blake
Sedimentation and early sulfide diagenesis ofthe Harmon Member (Peace RiverFormation), 87
Western Canada
JBloch
Early diagenetic processes and fluid flow: Evidence from stable isotopic composition of 91
authigenic carbonates, Harmon Member (Peace River Formation), Western Canada
JBloch, l.EMutcheon & H.R.Krouse
Retardation ofdissolved radionuclides in consolidated sedimentary rocks - The influence of 95
MgCl2 brine
WBode & CWolfrum
Synthetic fluid inclusions: A novel technique for experimental water-rock studies 99
RobertJBodnar
Ore fluid-rock interaction and mass transferwithin Au-As-Sb mineralized shearzones: 103
Characterization and modelling on the example ofthe MassifCentral (France) depositsM.CBoiron & M.Cathelineau
A kinetic model for the dissolution ofborosilicate glass 107
William LBourcier, K.G.Knauss & Celial. Merzbacher
Adsorption of cadmium onsoils: Kinetics and reversibility 111
ACMBourg &AGadalia
Fluids in metamorphic rocks: Effects of fluid chemistry onquartz microcrack healing 113
SLBrantley & D.Voigt
Mercury, arsenic, antimony, radon and helium in ground waters and fumaroles from the 117
Vulcano Island
Mauro Brondi & Mario DaWAglio
VIII
Adsorption, precipitation and coprecipitation of trace metals on carbonate minerals at low 121
temperatures
JBruno, LCharlet, S.Carrol, RXarthein, ASandino & P.Wersin
The geothermal area ofthe Tirso Valley (Sardinia, Italy) 125R.Caboi, R.Cidu, A.Cristini, LFanfani & PZuddas
A yearly survey ofrain waterdepositions in Southern Sardinia (Italy) 129R.Caboi, ACristini, LFanfani, EFrau, R.Pinna & PZuddas
Quartz dissolution inmicrofractured crystalline rocks: Physical and chemical conditions, 133
thermodynamical modelling ofthe process, and fluid migration reconstruction
M.Cathelineau & MLespinasse
Pressure-temperature-fluid composition changes from magmatic to presentday stages in the 137
Larderello geothermal field (Italy)M.Cathelineau, C.Marignac,A.Valori,J.Dubessy, G.Gianelli & MBuxeddu
Tourmalinites from hydrothermal systems related to Permian riftmagmatism ofthe 141
Hercynian Saalianphase in Tuscany (Italy)G.Cavarretta, M.Puxeddu, M.Franceschelli, EBandeli &AValori
Groundwater contribution to surface runofffrom the small forested catchment - Mlynaruv 145Luh (Czechoslovakia)J.Cerny & G.Kacura
Geochemistry, oxygen andhydrogenisotope ratios ofthermal springs, western continental 149
margin ofIndia - Field and experimental results
D.Chandrasekharam, R.Ramesh & JBalasubramanian
Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies in the Kawerauhydrothermal system, New 155
Zealand: Evidence for pastmagma-fluid interaction in the active systemB.W.Christenson
Hydrothermal metamorphism in deep-sea trenches of theWestern Pacific 159O.V.Chudaev & lATararin
Travertines: Distribution coefficients of divalent cations between calcites and depositing 163
waters
R.Cidu, LFanfani, PZuddas & P.PZuddas
Tectonic-hydrotherrnal Au-Cu mineralization in a metamorphic-meteoiic fluid mixing zone, 167
Westland, New Zealand
D.Craw, R.D.Johnstone& M.S. Rattenbury
Etch-pit size and shape distribution on orthoclase and pyriboles associated with soil depthand 171
drainage in loess soils
RLCremeens, R.G.Darmody, UJansen & LDJSlorton
Origin ofgases in Variscanmassifs ofEurope 177F.D'Amore,R.Fancelli, S.Nuti, GMichard & T.Pa£es
Ion budgets in a catchment-Natural and anthropogenic contributions 181
OMDanelon & LMMoreiraNordemann
IX
Barite authigenesis in surficial soils ofmid-continental United States 183
R.GDarmody, S.D.Harding & LlHassett
Sorption and coprecipitation ofarsenate by ferrihydrite 187
JADavis, CCFuller, BA.Rea & R.G.Claypool-Frey
Partition coefficients (Rd) for the U series radionuclides in ion exchange sites and amorphous 191
Fe phase in illite and granite samplesJ.P.L.Dearlove, MJvanovich & D.C.Green
Isolation and characterization ofnatural colloids, particularly humic substances, present in a 197
groundwaterThierry Dellis & Valerie Moulin
Isotopic variations of H13C03" as indicator ofdissolution and precipitation ofcalcite in the 203
unsaturated zone ofthe chalk [LDever, MMoulin & P.Vachier
THERMMEOS: Thermodynamic database for computerphysicochemical modelling in 207
geologyPlDorogokupets, WLashkevich & I.K.Karpov
Mineral weathering rates in acid-sensitive catchments: Extrapolation oflaboratory 211
experiments to the field
JlDrever & N.Swoboda-Colberg
Altered layers on dissolving albite- 2. Model 215
CarrickM.Eggleston & RolandHellmann
Geochemical fluxes during shale diagenesis, an example from the Ordovician ofMorocco 219IJ.Evans
Mixing ofsaline basinal fluids in Southern Ontario: Implications of rock-water interaction, 223
hydrocarbon emplacement and Canadian Shield brines
S.K.Frape, P.S.Dollar, B.SherwoodLollar & R.H.McNutt
Evolution of a groundwater-recharge scenario for the Waterloo aquifer during 13 years of 227
chemical and isotopic analysesSteven J.Fritz, RobertJ.Drimmie & PeterFritz
Chemical weathering rates at the RAIN catchments in Norway 231
ToreFrogner
Modeling simple cement-water systems using the speciation/solubility/reaction path 235
computer codes EQ3NR/EQ6, with specific application to nuclearwaste repositoriesMarkA.Gardiner, Stephen RAlcorn, Jonathan Myers & Craig AGivens
Application of a reinjection technique to Dickson hydrothermal experiments: The effect of 239introducing fresh solution to the basalt-water system at 300°C and 30 MPaMAGardiner, G.C.Ulmer & DE.Grandstaff
Evidence for penetration of sedimentary basin brines into an Archean granite ofthe Canadian 243Shield
M.Gascoyne, APurdy, PFritz, J.D.Ross, S.K.Frape, RJ.Drimmie & RKBetcher
x
Soluble salts in a Canadian Shield granite as contributors to groundwatersalinity 247
M.Gascoyne, J.D.Ross, R.LWatson & D.CKamineni
The chemical structure of arid zone groundwaters: Role of aeolian transport, surface flow and 251
ofgeochemical processes prior to recharge and following dischargeJoelR.Gat
Geology and hydrogeology ofnorthern Switzerland 255AGautschi
Processes controlling C02- and Cl-contents of thermal discharges from theTaupo-Rotorua 259
volcanic-magmatic-hydrothermal system, New Zealand
W.F.Giggenbach
Kinetics ofwater-air interactions in rivers: A field study in Iceland 263
Sigurbur Reynir Gislason
Ion microprobe analysis of rock-forming minerals from the Carnmenellis Granite 267
DAGoossens, LVan 'tdack & R.Gijbels
A SMS, XPS, SEM, TEM andFTIR study offeldspar surfaces after reacting with acid 271
solutions
D.A.Goossens, A.P.Pijpers, J.CPhilippaerts, S.Van Tendeloo, EAlthaus & R.Gijbels
Hydrogeochemical experiments on aquifer thermal energy storage: Injection ofheated 275
groundwater in a sediment column
Jasper Griffioen, CAnthony J. Appelo & Martin van der Weiden
The Jade hydrothermal field in the Okinawa Trough -First discovery ofmassive sulphides in 279
an intracontinental back-arc basin
PHalbach, MWahsner, LKaselitz, HSakai & UHein
Magmatic-hydrothermal origin for fluids involved in the generation ofmassive sulphide 285
deposits at Rio Tinto, SpainCarol EHalsall & FrederickJSawkins
Modelling acid stimulation of the Halfway Formation, Canada, using REACTRAN, a 289
geochemical computer model
Helen FCHaskin, Tim J.Hart, Wilson KMartir,Robert MMoss, Jon SDudley & CraigHMoore
Altered layers on dissolving albite. I. Results 293
RolandHellmann, CarrickM.Eggleston, MichaelFHochella, Jr. & DavidACrerar
Some nonequilibrium redox processes in water-rock interaction 297
J.DMem
A geochemical model of calcite precipitation and C02 outgassing in karst streams 301
JanetSHerman
Ionic control in deterioration ofbuilding materials 305
Peter PMudec
Aqueous solution reactions ofhydrocarbonreservoir clays: Kaolinite, smectite, illite, chlorite 309
CREughes, R.CDavey & CD.Curtis
XI
Clay mineral characterisationby analytical transmission electron microscopy: Problems and 313
perspectivesC.R.Hughes & JAWhiteman
Helium isotope studies in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand 317John R.Hulston & John ELupton
The role ofsilicate hydrolysis in the origin of C02 in sedimentary basins 321Ian EHutcheon & HughJAbercrombie
Experimental modelling of cassiterite-water system 325.P.VJvashov
Microscopic distribution oftrace elements inminerals (chlorites, sulfides, sulfates) in 327
submarine hydrothermal systemsD.RJanecky, RMEaymon, TMBenjamin, P.S.Z.Rogers & GXBayhurst
Hydrogen isotope kinetics during hydrothermal alteration in SW Connemara, Ireland 331G.RJJenkin & A.E.Fallick
Palagonitization ofdeep sea dredge sample glasses 337MJJercinovic, TMurakami & R.CEwing
Normative analysis ofgroundwaters from the Madrid Basin, Spain 341Blair FJones & MBamon Llamas
Interactions between meltwater and organic-rich particulate material in boreal forest 349snowpacks: Evidence for bothphysico-chemical andmicrobiological influencesH.GJones & M.Tranter
Monitoring the evolution of alteration minerals and fluids during a hydrothermal experiment 353GHXacandes, G.C.Ulmer & DRGrandstaff
Microstructural andmineralogical evolution offracture zones in granites due to water-rock 357interactionD. ChoudariKamineni
Fluid interaction characteristics of two granitic plutons in the Superior Province, Canadian 361Shield
D.CXamineni, RXerrich & Z.E.Peterman
Equilibrium exchange models for chlorine stable isotope fractionation in high temperature 365environmentsRonaldSXaufmann
The interaction of gypsum particles with salt solutions in equilibrating systems 369Perla Kaushansky & Shmuel Yariv
Hydrothermal fluids in oceanic crust-seawater interaction from Troodos ophiolite 373HXawahata, S.D.Scott & MXusakabe
Chemical transport during fumarolic alteration, cooling, and weathering, Valley of Ten 377Thousand Smokes, Alaska
T.E.CXeith, CHeropoulos & T.S.Presser
XII
Field and laboratory studies of transport ofreactive solutes in groundwater 381DBXent, JADavis, ASMaest & BARea
Origin of water and solutes in granitic rocks at Cajon Pass, California, USA 385YXXharaka, W.CEvans, GAmbats & LD.White
Silicate and chloride complexes - The basic factor of their migration and geochemical cyclic 389recurrence
ANXozin
Manganese and iron in saline groundwater and geothermal brines inIceland 393Hrefna Kristmannsdottir & Magnus dlafsson
Copper-arsenic mobilization and attenuation in an acid mine drainage environment 397Y.TJohn Kwong & DXirkNordstrom
Radiogenic properties of Finnish groundwaters 401
P.WLahermo
Deep groundwater conditions at Miihkali, eastern Finland 405
P.WLahermo, S.Halonen,LAhonen, KBirttisalo & JMitrega
Mapping of low enthalpy brines in Denmark forgeothermal exploitation 409
7i oelsLaier
The influence of fracture mineral/groundwater interaction on themobility ofU, Th, REE and 413other trace elements indifferent redoxenvironments
O.Landstrom & E.-L.Tullborg
Nuclide sorption on heterogeneous natural surfaces 417
HLang & C.Wolfrum
Unidimensional transport of stable isotopes: The shapes of geochemical fronts 421
Keith RLassey & PeterBlattner
The geometry ofFe3+ and Fe2+ variations around fractures in weathered granite 425AGLatham
Subsurfaceproduction of3He, "He, 36C1,37Ar, 39Ar, 40Ar, 129I and ^Rn inthe crystalline 429
basementand the sediments ofNorthern Switzerland
BBLehmann & HELoosli
Experimental determination ofthe fractionation factors ofXHco3-co2(g)> ^co3-co2(g)at 25° and 433
40°C
PMLesniak&HSakai
The isotopic composition ofhydrogen and oxygen ofbrines in China 437Li Guiru
A Sr isotopic study ofthe Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton, Ontario and the Lac du Bonnet pluton, 441
Manitoba: Plagioclase/water reaction
WLi, M.T.Franklyn, REMcNutt, HPSchwarcz, M.Gascoyne, D.C. Kamineni & SXFrape
Transfer ofunderground produced37Ar,39Ar and *°Arfrom rock into water 445
HELoosli& B.E.Lehmann
XIII
The role of organic matter in the fixation of sulfur in freshwater lake sediments 449AJLosher & XRXelts
Sources of lithium and barium in Gulfof Mexico Basin formation waters, USA 453
GLMacpherson
Boron in saline brines, GulfofMexico sedimentary basin, USA 457
GLMacpherson & L.S.Land
Simulation of granite dissolution at 25, 60 and 100°C based on thermodynamic potential and 461
kinetic laws
Benoit Made & BertrandFritz
On a high saline brine ofmeteoric origin from Ohdo, Gunma, Japan 465
OMatsubaya & Y.Sakai
Gaspressures at the Geysers geothermal field, California: Comparison with liquid-dominated 469
systems and implications for reservoir conditions
RAMcCartney & JREaizlip
U, Th, REE mobilization during water-rock interactions in a U-mineralized granite 475
M.-T.Menager, C.Menet, J.-CPetit & B.Come
Metadomains as indicators of fluid-rock interaction in the Welsh Marginal Basin 479
RMetcalfe
Chlorine-36 in deep groundwaters and host-rocks ofNorthern Switzerland: Sources, 483
evolution andhydrological implicationsJLMichelot, J.Ch.Fontes, SSoreau, B.E.Lehmann, HELoosli, WBalderer, DElmore,P.WXubik, W.Wolfli, JBeer & ASynal
A modelling approach for estimating long-term and seasonal CaC03 dissolution rates 487
M.W.Milke&MJ.Small
The authigenesis ofphosphate minerals in some Norwegian hydrocarbon reservoirs: 491Evidence for the mobility and redistribution of rare earth elements (REE) and Th duringsandstone diagenesisAEMilodowski &. AEurst
Interstitial water-rock interaction in the unsaturated zone of a Permo-Triassic sandstone 495
aquiferPD.Moss & W.M.Edmunds
Strontium distribution coefficient as indicator of dissolution-precipitation processes in the 501chalk
MMoulin, LDever & P.Vachier
Chemical processes atthe mineral oxide-water interface: System ALPj-Organic 505
matter-Am(IH)Valerie Moulin, Denise Stammose & Tuan Manh Tran
Weathering degree of granitic rocks as studied by X-ray diffractometry and diffuse 511reflectance spectroscopyTetsushi Nagano & Satoru Nakashima
XIV
Aluminium weathering/ion exchange for acid impacted systems: The Achilles heel of 515
predictive models?Colin Neal
Application ofa cation exchange mass-balance model to the interpretation ofsaline 521
groundwater chemistry evolved from Holocene seawaterentrapped inrapakivi granite at
Hastholmen, Finland
Darrell Kirk Nordstrom
An attempt to determine 180/160 ratios of framework silicate oxygen of apophyllite and 525
wairakite
MasamiNoto, MinoruKusakabe & Masahiro Kometani
Cooling rate ofhydrothermal quartz 529
T.Ohba & KXazahaya
Chemistry ofdiagenetic zeolite in a shallow, coal-bearing sedimentary pile, NE Japan 533
Yasuko OkuyamaXusunose
The influence ofvolcanic activity on groundwater chemistry within the Namafjall geothermal 537
system, North Iceland
Magnus Olafsson & HrefnaKristmannsdottir
Modeling chemical equilibrium in hydrothermal systems, with examples from Iceland and 541
China
PangZhonghe & Hallddr Armannsson
Uncertainty analyses of models of ground-water carbonate isotope evolution 545
F.J.Pearson, Jr.
Hydrogeochemical dynamics of interstitial waters in the bottom sediments in the deep Black 549
Sea zone
E.N.Pentcheva & M.G.Damyanova
Applications of SOLMINEQ.88 and SOLMINEQ.88 pc/shell 553
EEPerkins, W.D.Gunter & G.WBird
The interaction of brines and permafrost 557
EMPinneker, S.VAlekseev & VKBorisov
The influence ofdeepmeteoric invasion on the reservoir quality ofCretaceous sandstones in 561
the Mackenzie Delta, Canada
DJBotocki
An infiltration mirabilite deposit and related brine (Lixian, Hunan province, China) 565
Qu Yihua
Kinetics ofdissolution ofheulandite at 25°C 567
Kristin ValaRagnarsdottir
The effect ofiron and magnesium on the stability ofillite and smectite 569
UrsRaz & TjerkPeters
Cooling in Philippine geothermal systems 573
Agnes GReyes
xv
Rate ofplagioclase dissolution in the Camborne School ofMines experimental hot dry rock 577geothermal system, Rosemanowes, Cornwall
Hugh G.Richards & David Savage
A comparison ofpyrite oxidation rates inbatch, mixed flow, and plug flow reactors 581J.Donald Rimstidt & William DEewcomb
A vertical thermal gradient experiment to simulate conditions in vapor dominated geothermal 585systems, epithermal gold deposits, and high level radioactive repositories in unsaturatedmedia
J.DonaldRimstidt, William DEewcomb & Donald LShettel, Jr.
Mineralisation, fluid inclusion and sulphur isotope studies ofthe Thames-Tapu area, Hauraki 589goldfield, New Zealand
B.WRobinson &R.JMerchant
Experimental simulation of hydrothermal alteration in the Miravalles geothermal system, 593Costa Rica
CARochelle, DSavage & B.W.D.Yardley
Natural clean-up ofa stream contaminated by mine and mill wastes: A reaction analogous to 597liming in water treatment
DonaldDRunnells & John J.Rampe
The Palmottu U-Th deposit in SW Finland as a natural analogue to the behaviour ofspent 601nuclearfuel in bedrock: A preliminary reportTRuskeeniemi, RBlomqvist, SEalonen, TJaakkola, ALindberg, HEiini, J.Suksi,RSuutarinen, B.Soderholm & M.Vesterinen
Acceleration and retardation ofsilicate weathering due to organic substances 605D.Schenk,A.Petersen & GMatthess
Kinetics ofalkali feldspar dissolution at low temperature 609PSchweda
The effect oftemperature on base metal mobility during hydrothermal basalt alteration: 613Implications forme formation of ridge crest hydrothermal fluids and seafloor metal depositsJXSeewald, WESeyfried, Jr., MEBerndt & PJ.Saccocia
Deep gases and brines of the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields - A testing ground for the 617theory ofabiotic methane generationB.SherwoodLollar, SXFrape, PFritz, SAMacko, S.M.Weise, JA.Welhan, RBlomqvist,P.WLahermo &R.Drimmie
The neutralizing-reduction-mineralizationof uranium 621Shi Wei-jun & PengHai-jun
Mixing diagrams of hydrothermal solutions and their applications to some hydrothermal ore 625deposits in JapanYShibue
"C/^C ratios and origins of ZC02 in alkaline hot-spring waters discharging along fault zones 629in the Abukuma metamorphic belt, Northeast JapanHShigeno&KAbe
XVI
Rare earth element geochemistry and evolution ofsubmarine geothermal system 633accompanied by Kuroko sulfide-sulfate mineralization in JapanN.Shikazono & RMatsumoto
Pressure dependence of mineral-waterreaction equilibrium in the lowpressure range 635Shinohara Hiroshi & Fujimoto Koichiro
Kinetics and non-stoichiometry oflabradorite dissolution 639Lennart Sjoberg
Alteration mineralogy ofthe Elli5aar geothermal field, Reykjavik, Iceland 643OmarBjarki Smarason, Jens Tomasson & Sugiarto Ganda
Alkali metal enrichments in groundwaters from the Carnmenellis area, Cornwall 647Pauline LSmedley
Groundwater contaminant transport with ion exchange in heterogeneous medium 651
LSovadina
Factors controlling trace element levels in groundwaterin The Netherlands 655
PJ.Stuyfzand
The hydrogeochemical characteristics and origin ofthermal waters inJiangxi, southeast 661China
SunZhanxue
Stable isotope measurements on the thermal water at the Nesjavellir and Mosfellssveit 665
geothermal fields, Iceland
Amy Erla Sveinbjornsdottir
Correlation of the chemical composition of water from the unsaturated zone with the 669
mineralogy of a profile on the Sao Paulo Basin, Brazil
M.Szikszay & M.CToledo-Gwke
Dissolution kinetics ofcalcite in CO^H^O systems at210°C 673
S.Talman, B.Wiwchar, WD.Gunter & CMScarfef
Geochemical cycles and global water-rock interaction from 4,000 million years 675
YTardy
Hydrothermal activityon the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 679
G.Thompson, S.E.Humphris, CLalou & PARona
The alteration and diagenesis oftuffs and tuffaceous sediments 683
J.Tomasson
Chemical weathering reactions in Alpine glacialmeltwaters 687
Martyn Tranter, RobRaiswell & Rachel Mills
Graphitization ofcarbonaceous material in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks during 691
metamorphismN.Tsuchiya & T.Chida
8180 and813C in fracture calcite used for interpretation ofrecentmeteoricwater circulation 695
E.-L.Tullborg
XVII
Framework alpha-pentastructures of stresses and their influence of formation of subsurface 699
fluids, hydrocarbons in particularVJ.TyurinAvinsky
Release of heavy metals in groundwater due to manure spreading 703
C.G.E.M.van Beek, FAMEettinga & R.Straatman
Marine apatite precipitation 707
Philippe Van Cappellen & RobertABerner
Composition ofnewly formed minerals from nitrogeneous thermal waters in the Tchepino 711
valley (Bulgaria)LVan' t dack, P.SBetrov, EEPentcheva, E.Veldeman & R.Gijbels
Arsenic in deep groundwater 715
I.Varsanyi
Water-rock interaction in the Southwest Bulgaria granitoid system: A source of trace 719
elements in the thermal waters
E.Veldeman, EEBentcheva,L Van't dack & R.Gijbels
Ahydrothermal model of Los Azufres geothermal system, Mexico 723
Mahendra P.Verma, DEieva, E.Santoyo, RMBarragan, EBortugal & J.LQuijano
Geochemical controls on groundwater chemistry in shales 727
K.L.Von Damm
Electrostatic approach for calculating mineral solubilities and complex formation in 731
supercritical volatile-salt aqueous solutions
J.VWalther&J.Schott
Differentiation in mesostasis andthe effect on the hydrothermal redox buffering capacity of 735
basalt
Jianhua Wang,MAGardiner, D.E.Grandstqff& Gene C.Ulmer
Halogens in apatites, biotites, and hornblendes from the Yuantoushan granitic rocks, 739northeastern Taiwan
Yunshuen Wang & Rueychang Jeng
The paleohydrogeochemical conditions for the genesis of some sedimentary-reworked 743siderite deposits in China
Yanxin Wang & Zhaoli Shen
Formation of biotite accompanying a later fracture system and associated fluid in the Haast 747schists, New Zealand
Teruo Watanabe, RodneyH.Grapes, Yosuke Kawachi, Tetsumaru Itaya & I.M.Turnbull
Surface structure and mineral dissolution kinetics: A Monte Carlo study 751B.Wehrli
Post-crystallization low temperature hydrothermal alteration in Proterozoic Basement ofdie 755Midcontinent of North AmericaDavidB.Wenner
XVIII
Isotopic geothermometry and flow regimes in the Muschelkalk aquifer from northern 761
Switzerland (Nagra deep drilling programme)P.Wexsteen & AMatter
Electron transfer mechanisms associated with the surface dissolution and oxidation of 765
magnetite and ilmenite
Art F.White & Michael FEochella, Jr.
Diverse fluid phases associated with the crystallisation and alteration of lithium pegmatites at 769
Moylisha and Stranakelly, SE Ireland
Martin P.Whitworth & Andrew HRankin
Growth mechanisms of sandstone-hosted calcite concretion growth and implications for 773
growth times
M.Wilkinson
Sorptive interactions between organic micropollutants and the mineral fraction of 777
Permo-Triassic sandstone
D.J.Williamson, DELerner & MAstin
Considerations on sorption behaviour ofcolloids in natural systems 781
C.Wolfrum & HLang
Experimental study about the activation and migration of gold and silver involcanic rocks 785
LiangXiangji & Qiao Li
Chemistry and isotopic composition of fluid from a deep thrust zone, Central Pyrenees 789
B.WD.Yardley, DABanks, GRDavies, AMMcCaig & N.T.Grant
Experimental modelling ofmetasomatic zoning at fluid-rock interaction 793
G.P.Zaraisky
Thermal decompaction ofrocks and its effect on permeability 797
G.PZaraisky, VEBalashov & S.VZonov
The characteristics offluorine in groundwater of North China and the significance of 801
fluorite-water interaction to fluorine transportationShenZhaoli, Zhou Mi & Tang Minggao
Finite element analysis of water seepage in fractured rock masses of dam abutments 805
Weiyuan Zhou & Yanyi Yang
Stable isotope studies of fluids from Xiangshan fossil hydrothermal system 809
Zhou Wen-bin & LiXue-li
Hydrothermal alterationin the Yangying geothermal field ofTibet, China 813
ZhuMeixiang
Author index 817
XIX