Yellow Magenta Cyan Black

LuduHutchings

Fry

ISBN 0-7354-0240-XISSN 0094-243X

International Symposium

on Interdisciplinary Science

ISISInternational Symposium

on Interdisciplinary ScienceOctober 6-8, 2004

Northwestern State UniversityNatchitoches, Louisiana

AIP Conference Proceedings 755Editors: Andrei Ludu, Nathan R. Hutchings, Darrell R. Fry

ISISInternational Symposium

on Interdisciplinary Science

ISISINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUMON INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE

Northwestern State University,Natchitoches, Louisiana 6-8 October 2004

EDITORSAndrei Ludu

Nathan R. HatchingsDarrell R. Fry

Northwestern State UniversityNatchitoches, Louisiana

SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONSNorthwestern State UniversityThe IDEAS ProgramRichardson Technologies, Inc

AMERICANINSTITUTE Melville, New York, 20052EPHYSICS AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS • VOLUME 755

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To learn more about these titles, or the AIP Conference Proceedings Series, please visit the webpagehttp://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings

Editors:

Andrei LuduNathan R. HutchingsDarrell R. Fry

Northwestern State UniversityNatchitoches, LA 71497

E-mail: ludua@nsula.eduhutchingsn@nsula.edufryd@nsula.edu

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CONTENTS

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiAcknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viiiISIS Welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

A. Ludu

ISIS Opening Address: Complexity versus Simplicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1M. Gell-Mann

Super Heavy Nuclei-Clusters of Matter and Antimatter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17W. Greiner and T. J. Bu¨rvenich

Heavy-Ion Reactions in Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34J. A. Maruhn

Chaotic Dynamics of Modulational Instability in Optical Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40M. J. Ablowitz and C. M. Schober

Dynamics of Patterns on Elastic Hyper-Surfaces: Part I - ShearWaves in the Middle Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

C. I. Christov

Dynamics of Patterns on Elastic Hyper-Surfaces: Part II - WaveMechanics of Flexural Quasi-Particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

C. I. Christov

Harmonic Oscillators as Bridges between Theories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Y. S. Kim and M. E. Noz

Fourier-Galerkin Method for Time-dependent Problems ofInteracting Localized Waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

M. A. Christou and C. I. Christov

Generalized Quasilinearization Method for Reaction DiffusionEquation with Numerical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

A. S. Vatsala and J. Yang

2D Solitary Waves of Boussinesq Equation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85J. Choudhury and C. I. Christov

Nonlinear Modeling of 3-D Flagellar Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91A. Ludu and N. Hutchings

Symmetry Breaking in a Model for Nodal Cilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107C. J. Brokaw

What Organizes the Molecular Ballet that Promotes the Movement ofthe Axoneme in Such a Way that Its Molecular Machinery Seems toBe a Whole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

C. Cibert

Regulation of Eukaryotic Flagellar Motility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130D. R. Mitchell

Flagellar Bend Dynamics in African Trypanosomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137N. R. Hutchings and A. Ludu

MSP Dynamics and Retraction in Nematode Sperm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145C. W. Wolgemuth

v

Divalent Cation Control of Flagellar Motility inAfrican Trypanosomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

A. M. Westergard and N. R. Hutchings

Non-Equilibrium Studies of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159A. Kargol

Phenomenological Energetics for Molecular Motors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165T. Harada

Chemical Master Equation Reduction Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172R. Zhu and M. R. Roussel

Automated Cell Tracking Tools for Quantitative Motility Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 177C. Zimmer, B. Zhang, S. Blazquez, E. Labruye`re, F. Frischknecht,R. Menard, N. Guillen, and J. C. Olivo-Marin

Differential Tethering of Log Phase Trypanosoma bruceiontoChemically Distinct Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

L. Archuleta, A. Dunham, J. Rains, and D. Fry

Microbial Biofilms: Persisters, Tolerance and Dosing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190N. G. Cogan

Computational Model of Population Dynamics Based on the CellCycle and Local Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

S. A. Oprisan and A. Oprisan

Extensions of Self-Organizing Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204M. Trutschl and U. Cvek

Cognitive Radio-Genetic Algorithm Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Y. B. Reddy

Medical Imaging and the Human Brain: Being Warped is Not Alwaysa Bad Thing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

J. C. Patterson II

Do Ecosystems Ever Converge? Evidence from Faunal SizeDistributions of Late Miocene North American Mammals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

W. D. Lambert

Interdisciplinary Social Science: An Example of Vertical andHorizontal Integrative Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

S. Durlabhji

Conference Summary and Closing Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253A. Ludu, N. R. Hutchings, and C. J. Brokaw

Author Contact List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

vi

Preface

The present book of proceedings reflects the presentations and discussions at the first ISIS: International Symposium on Interdisciplinary Science, which was held at Northwestern State University in Natchitoches, Louisiana from October 6-8, 2004. The participants were scientists from academic, industrial, and government laboratories from the U.S.A., Canada, Germany, France and Japan. The subjects relate to the dynamics of complex and/or nonlinear physical, biological, chemical and social systems. The selection of symposium topics was based on our assessment of where the intersections between nonlinear physics, cell biology, mathematics, engineering, computer simulations, modeling, and medical research have a great potential to spark new discovery. The symposium was intended to stimulate researchers solving problems such as collective dynamics of populations at different scales from exotic nuclei to ecosystems, functional behavior of complexity, and nonlinear driven waves in living systems, etc. In all such examples of complex scientific questions, the answers are only possible through interdisciplinary science, which can empower researchers to deduce the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in both living and nonliving systems.

Although the contributions focus on a wide variety of specific problems, each paper is linked by interdisciplinary connections between important areas of cutting-edge research. The articles are arranged to reveal the overlapping (interdisciplinary) nature of topics that may have been classically treated as unrelated. For example, through these works, one can draw a common thread between the theoretical analysis of waves and solitons to the experimental approaches to modeling flagellar motion; and with a few more degrees of freedom, the reader can relate the social behavior of living populations (cells, organs, and societies) to instabilities within super heavy atomic nuclei. We challenge the reader to creatively search for additional commonalities between each of the articles in order to widen his or her perspective about such problems and to gain insights into approaches that might be applied in his/her own work. January 5, 2005 Andrei Ludu, Nathan R. Hutchings, and Darrell R. Fry

vii

Acknowledgements The ISIS Planning Committee would like to thank all those who contributed to the funding, planning, and organization of ISIS. We appreciate your hard work, sacrifice, and dedication to the advancement of interdisciplinary science. Thank you. Northwestern State University Mr. Ted Jones Richardson Technologies, Inc The McGraw Hill Companies Impressions by Dunagan Aramark Catering The Ramada Inn, Natchitoches Palmer Air Taxi Dr. Randall Webb Dr. Anthony Scheffler Dr. Priscilla Kilcrease Dr. Austin Temple Mr. Tommy Whitehead Ms. Darlene Williams

The College of Science and Technology The Department of Biological Sciences The Department of Chemistry & Physics Dr. Michael Bodri Dr. Paul Withey Ms. Melanie Bedgood Ms. Leah Jackson Ms. Louise Martin Ms. Julie O’Bannon Ms. Laney LaCour Mr. Richard Manion Ms. Melinda Parrie Mr. Tracy Brown The NSUAV/IT support staff

We would like to extend our gratitude to Andrei Ludu, Charles Brokaw, Charles Lindeman, Karsten Kruse, Christophe Zimmer, and Walter Greiner for serving as ISIS session chairs. We thank Nathan Hutchings for designing the cover art for the abstract book and the proceedings. We are grateful to the Northwestern State University Enrichment Fund (NEF) grant #NEF PD 04-05 R1-007 to D.F., N.H, and A.L. for providing the publication costs for this collection. We are especially thankful for the fund raising efforts of Mr. Ted Jones. Without his generous contribution and support, ISIS would not have been possible. Likewise, we are very grateful to Ms. Carla Magness from the McGraw Hill Companies and Mr. Eric Lejune, Mr. Dan Williams, and Mr. Tim Richardson from Richardson Technologies, Inc. for their generous financial contributions to the event.

viii

ISIS Welcome

Andrei Ludu

Interdisciplinary Experimentation and Scholarship (IDEAS) Program Department of Chemistry and Physics.

Northwestern State University of Louisiana. Natchitoches, Louisiana 71497 Thank you Dr. Scheffler for your introduction. Let me quote here Dr. Vischenevski’s (University of Georgia) favorite remark about speeches. He used to say: “A speech is like a lady’s evening gown: should be long enough to cover the topics, but short enough to draw the attention.” Ladies and Gentlemen, My dear colleagues,

On behalf of the IDEAS Program I would like to say good morning and thank you all for your participation in this event. It is a great pleasure and honor for me to open this 1st International Symposium on Interdisciplinary Science, ISIS 2004 in this lecture hall where NSU has accepted to welcome us. We would like to thank all participants for their efforts to attended ISIS by all means, at the risk of temporarily abandon their research, their teaching, or their administrative work. Thank you for being here.

We have for this first year a good number of exceptional participants providing highest scientific quality. So we hope it will be a very stimulating 3 day event, and it will allow many exchanges between the participants. Actually that was the idea: not only is the interdisciplinary approach a new and efficient tool for modern science research, but it is also necessary for everyone that is very focused on a specific activity, from time to time, to have a “look around” for creative breakthroughs and cross disciplinary oversights - for more integrated and refreshing ideas from other fields.

We know some fundamental facts about science, and we all want to know the answer to fundamental questions like: who are we, where are we coming from, and where do we go? In one question: how is it possible to generate adaptive complexity from simplicity?

In the process of doing science, one realizes that science doesn’t actually belong to someone specifically. It just moves from mind to mind, from hand to hand. We take it over from someone else’s mind or hands, leaves own finger prints, foot prints, mind prints on it, and pass it forward to other mind. It’s like trying to rebuild some original primordial cosmic flower vase, somehow created in a very complicated, multi-dimensional manifold, intricate, fuzzy, and topologically twisted, and later on…broken. Out of the debris, we are constantly trying to re-build it, and sometimes we succeed to construct a perfect vase, completely closed, nice…but smaller or simpler than the original one. On the top of it, we (or our inter-disciplinary collaborators) find some debris left. So, we must have the courage to break the vase, and start a new one from the beginning, one larger, more complex, based on the smaller one, but aiming towards the primordial prefect original. In that, there are 2 major tendencies:

ix

1. The “ancient Greek” tendency, based on the unity of knowledge, like: knowing nothing about everything; and

2. The modern tendency, based on super narrowing the field, like: knowing everything about nothing.

The first tendency, generated by the Aristotelian model of science, tries to answer in a logical deterministic way to all natural issues. It propagated until the Renaissance, towards the ideal hommo universalis, Leonardo da Vinci-like scientist. The second tendency, the present way, is a reaction to the constantly increasing value of the ratio between the volume--and the degree of sophistication--of information over human and computer capabilities. However lately, we notice an emerging revival of the Renaissance scientist, the scientist interested in a multi-disciplinary criticism, in nexialistic dialogues - the inter-disciplinary scientist. As I was going to St. Ives, I met a man with seven wives; Every wife had seven sacks, Every sack had seven cats, Every cat had seven kits. Kits, cats, sacks, and wives, How many were going to St. Ives?

This is a good illustration of an interdisciplinary approach in education: rhyme and math. Another illustration can be provided by the story of Archimedes, the king of Syracuse, the hypothetic gold manufacturer, the bath tub, and the water. This could be another example of generating complexity from simplicity, through the question: who was the genius: Archimedes who discovered the concept of density, or the king who provided the job and the grant?

In that we invited people from all disciplines, and everybody will speak about everything. Because life is such an important, intriguing and exciting topic, many scientists will speak about life sciences; because physics is the closest logical science to biology we have here a lot of physics talks; and because chemistry is for these two, what the bath tub plus water was for Archimedes, there are also talks in chemistry. And so on…

Among the complex scientific problems there is one of particular interest, namely the dynamics of systems with free boundaries. I can give you lots of examples from the shape of nuclei, to cell division, from neutron star nonlinear tides creating gravitational waves patterns, to population growth, from birds and motile cell swimming to city dynamics, CA or vortexes in clouds. And through these models, we know that by starting from a random distribution of patterns, some units may grow faster than others, and the bigger ones try to swallow the smaller ones and later becoming unstable and break up into parts, or many smaller ones join into a larger one, etc. In one word: the nonlinear balance between competition and cooperation. However, sometimes there are exceptions to this dynamic law. For example, when a small center begins to grow up, and grows, and grows more. It’s like in the Tom Thumb story when the bad giant asked him to mow and harvest an infinite field of wheat. So, Tom Thumb found himself tiny and alone in front of this infinite problem,

x

to be solved in one day. So what did he do? Well, the story says he just started to mow, and to harvest and to eat the wheat, and did so for a while, until he identified himself with the wheat, until he became himself wheat. And then, the field wasn’t anymore infinite for him. This is again a signature of complexity through simplicity.

One necessary premise to nurture a smaller unit into a larger one is to have internal coherence, to be fed, and to be backed up from inside. It happened, and this is rather the exception than the rule. Internal coherence was destined to halt here at NSU, yet I managed to find it, as a physicist in our IDEAS program together with Nathan Hutchings in biology, and Darrell Fry in Chemistry. The appropriate size of this university and the exquisite support of the administration fed it from inside. And the result is this symposium.

I’d like to mention and to thank Dean Austin Temple, the vice-president of academic affairs, Dr. Anthony Scheffler, and our president, Dr. Randall Webb for their generous support and confidence in the interdisciplinary program. It’s my great pleasure to mention here the exquisite and professional help of Tommy Whitehead, and Theodore Jones who secured the primary financial support. It is a particular pleasure for me to thank Ms. Louise Martin, assistant to the president, Ms. Melinda Prarrie and Mr. Richard Manion from Space Science who exquisitely helped us with everything, Ms. Leah Jackson and the whole NSU News team, our students, and last but not least the heads of our three departments.

That’s why we devote our energy to build this program (IDEAS) and this ISIS symposium at NSU towards a multi-disciplinary center like the well-known Santa Fe Institute in New Mexico. In that, it is a great honor and pleasure to have with us this morning Professor Murray Gell-Mann who will speak to you in a moment. We are very grateful to him for his attendance. Murray Gell-Mann is Distinguished Fellow of the Santa Fe Institute, and author of the popular science book, The Quark and the Jaguar, Adventures in the Simple and the Complex. In 1969, Professor Gell-Mann received the Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. Besides being a Nobel laureate, Professor Gell-Mann has received the Ernest O. Lawrence Memorial Award of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute, the Research Corporation Award, and the John J. Carty medal of the National Academy of Sciences. He has been awarded honorary doctoral degrees from many institutions, including Yale University, the University of Chicago, the University of Turin, Italy, and Cambridge and Oxford Universities. In 1988 he was listed on the United Nations Environmental Program Roll of Honor for Environmental Achievement (the Global 500). He also shared the 1989 Erice "Science for Peace" Prize. In 1994 he received an honorary Doctorate of Natural Resources from the University of Florida. In closing, I extend warm greetings to all of you, along with my best wishes for a successful and fruitful meeting, expecting from ‘ya’ll’, a very productive dialogue.

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