International Scientific Journal · 2019-01-12 · International Scientific Journal for Smart Innovations ISSN: 2603-4921, Issue 1, 2019 6 Recreative&Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism

International

Scientific Journal

RECREATIVE

WELLNESS

INDUSTRY AND

NICHE TOURISM

Online edition

2019

Issue 1

Sofia, 2019 (January - June)

ISSN: 2603-4921

Issue 1

EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Prof. Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD:

Scientific Reviewers:

Acad. Prof. Atanas Atanasov, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Rumiana Tsenkova, D.Sc. (Japan)

Prof. Ignat Ignatov, D.Sc. (Switzerland)

Prof. D-r Jivka Vinarova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Svilen Neykov, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Olia Harizanova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Prof. Terry Stevens, Ph.D (England)

Prof. Heinrih Wallner, Ph.D (Austria)

Prof. Vlatko Stjepovic, Ph.D (Montenegro)

Prof. Pedja Filipovic, Ph.D (Serbia)

Prof. Adam Ruszinko, Ph.D (Hungry)

Prof. D-r Amr Sharif, Ph.D (Bahrain)

Prof. D-r Muhammed Alhair, Ph.D (Turkey)

Prof. Eng. Mincho Polimenov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Petko Todorov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Krasimira Staneva, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Irina Nesheva, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Vessela Treneva, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Jordan Jordanov, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Business Reviewers:

D-r Kemal Aydin (World Healthy Aging Council)

D-r Maryi Hanan, Ph.D (Health Center, England)

D-r Dimitar Ivanov Ph.D (BCHWST)

Elena Bogacheva, Ph.D (Int. Wellness&Spa Council)

Andrey Kostur, Ph.D (Wellness Institute, Slovenia)

Aljosha Nedev, Ph.D (Wellness Institute, Macedonia)

Dimitar Trendafilov, PhD (Aqua practices, Bulgaria)

Leyla Dimitrova, PhD (Bulgaria)

Yanitsa Tsareva, PhD (Wellness Institute, Bulgaria)

Vessela Ivanova, PhD (Inter. SPA Managers Club)

Lilia Doncheva, PhD (Wellness Institute, Bulgaria)

Arja Koli (Regional VET Center, Finland)

Sirje Ellermaa (Regional VET Center, Estonia)

Ardit Dimo (Wellness Institute, Albania)

Ionescu Dragos Petre, (Wellness Institute, Romania)

Lotfi Khelifi (Tourism Journal, Tunisia)

Maria Ivanova (World Healthy Aging Cluster)

Ivan Kostov (EMIC, Bulgaria)

Ivan Marazov (City Tour, Bulgaria)

Eleonore Tchakarova (TwinsofMiami,USA)

Verginie Tchakarova (Healthy Aging, USA)

Prof. Yuri Valev, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Prof. Gueorgui Chernev, Ph.D (Bulgaria)

Disclaimer

The content of this Scientific Journal is for general information purposes only and has been obtained

from many sources, professional organizations, manufacturers’ literature and codes. The author and

publisher have made every reasonable effort to ensure that this work is accurate and current, but do not

warrant, and assume no liability for, the accuracy or completeness of the text or illustrations. It is the

responsibility of the authors of this Scientific Journal to apply their professional knowledge to the

content, to consult sources referenced, as appropriate, and to consult professionals for expert advice.

All rights reserved®

No part of this Scientific Journal may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher and/or the European Union and/or the Balkan Cluster for Health, Wellness & Spa Tourism

TOPICS: Recreative science and natural products Recreative physical activity and innovative programs Adapted physical activity and sport Healthy aging practices Smart models for Aqua practices and healthy life style

Aquaphotomics and Recreology Water influences for Well-being Bogy-Mind psychological balance and practices Wellness Foods&Drinks Innovations in Niche tourism services Education & Research for new jobs Social innovations and Advanced Science News

International Scientific Journal for Smart Innovations ISSN: 2603-4921, Issue 1, 2019 4

Recreative&Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism 2019

ISSUE 1 - 2019

TABLE OF CONTENT

Pencho Geshev

Rector of the National Sports Academy “V. Levski”

Congratulation letter. ................................................................................................................................ 5

Bistra Dimitrova

Recreative industry - the Bulgarian model for innovations in the

fields of education and science ................................................................................................................ 6

Terry Stevens

Wellness tourism trends and the implications for the WELVET project .................................................. 12

Olga Harizanova

New scientific infrastructure for innovations on the creative and Recreative industries .............................................................................................................................. 17

Elena Bogacheva

Russian spa industry development and integration in the Eastern European spa market ...................... 22

Krasimira Staneva

Wellbeing tourism management in Bulgaria ........................................................................................... 27

Leya Dimitrova

Survey of chess “profile” of secondary school pupils ............................................................................ 31

Vassilije Stijepovic

The opportunity of health tourism development in Montenegro.............................................................. 35

Milka Baryakova

Wellness defines the health and the good future of pupils ..................................................................... 40

Stefka Djobova

Aquatic therapies and practices for enhancing the Spa centres services .............................................. 46

Petar Stoychev

Open water – effects of swimming in cold and warm water.................................................................... 50

Vessela Ivanova

Influence of gymnastic exercises in the water environment ................................................................... 53

Olga Migorian

The notional characteristics of the formation of the prefixal and onomasiological category

of partitiveness ....................................................................................................................................... 57

New books

Niche tourism & Spa industry development............................................................................................ 62



DEAR INTERNATIONAL GUESTS,

DEAR YOUNG RESEARCHERS, GRADUATE STUDENTS AND PARTNERS,

PRACTITIONERS AND LEADING SCIENTISTS,

This edition of the Science Journal for Smart

Innovations on the Recreation & Wellness Industry and

Niche Tourism is dedicated to the 10th Anniversary of

European Education in Wellness & SPA & Thalasso

Culture in Bulgaria.

This online platform is available to enable presentations

of new books, monographs and publications of scientific

papers or articles of young researchers, graduate

students, practitioners and leading scientists from

national and international level.

At the same time an international conference is

organized with the financial support of the Research Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of

Education and Science. The scientific events are under the patronage of Sofia

Municipality and the kind partnership of the Wellness Institute Bulgaria and the Balkan

Cluster for Health, Wellness & SPA tourism.

On behalf of the academic staff from the Program Council and the students of the Master

and PhD programs in Wellness & SPA culture, we are pleased to welcome you to this

Science E-Platform.

Reviewers of the Journal are experts from Global Wellness Institute, International

Wellness & Spa Council (Russia), Balkan Cluster for Health, Wellness & SPA Tourism,

Researchers from Bulgarian and Foreign Universities, Scientific Institutes,

Representatives of Bulgarian Ministries and Municipalities, NGOs, Owners of Wellness &

Spa Resorts, heads of international and Balkan Agencies and organizations,

Entrepreneurs in the Recreative Industry and Business - all of them support and

participate in this new international scientific electronic platform.

RECTOR NATIONAL SPORTS ACADEMY “V.LEVSKI”:

Prof. Pencho Geshev, PhD



RECREATIVE INDUSTRY - THE BULGARIAN MODEL FOR

INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELDS OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Dimitrova, Bistra

Assoc. Prof., PhD, Aquatic Chair, National Sports Academy, “V. Levski”

Key words: Recreative industry, innovations, Bulgarian educational model, specialised staff, Wellness culture

& new EU profession.

INTRODUCTION: Over the last five years, people actively talk about Wellness tourism and Recreative

programs (Ignatov, 2012), but it is still developing spontaneous, without a clear concept, unable to compete

with even the countries of Central Europe due to lack of specialized personnel. Service standards in the

industry have not been introduced, worldwide not given a specific definition, and global tourism defined as the

strongest niche - "SPA and Wellness sector" (Dimitrova, (Димитрова), 2011). Significantly increased the

proportion of active healthy holidays, as in 2016 Wellness tourism practiced more than 4 million People

worldwide. Wellness methodologies and practices can be seen as "... creating polyvalent Wellness & Spa

culture …“(Dimitrova, (Димитрова), 2009), it is important to "... discuss problems recuperation significance of

physical activity in the aquatic environment and the direct link to improving the quality of life and health status

of the practitioners …“(Dimitrova (Димитрова), 2012). According the Summary Report, of the Global Wellness

institute (Ellis, S., 2013), globally find highly qualified staff for Wellness centres is a major problem. The U.S.

economic analysts call this fact a "War for talents". According the research team of the Global Wellness

Institute, in the study of the industry, which results are presented in the Economy Report (2014): "... 95% of the

leaders of the SPA & Wellness industry said they are facing serious problems in recruiting Wellness & SPA

managers / directors with right mix of skills and experience? Over 52% of the owners of the centres stated that

the issue of qualification of the staff remains the same or even worse ..." (Dimitrova, 2014). The needs of the

practice grow, and definitely not enough staff (Polimenov (Полименов), 2014). Therefore, a person's particular

situation in which the dynamics of the SPA & Wellness tourism on the demand for specialized packages

outstrips with great growth rates operation of services with qualified personnel certified through educational

programs (Dimitrova, Donev, (Димитрова, Донев), 2006), fellowships, training seminars or received certified

competencies. On international level, according the research team of the Global Wellness Institute, in the

study of the industry, which results are presented in the Economy Report (2014) - highlighted the fact that

wellness tourism is expanding rapidly, demanding for more staff than existing. The global wellness tourism

market is currently worth 425 billion euro and 36% of that spending is generated by Europe (Polimenov,

(Полименов), 2014). Six of the top 10 world wellness tourism destinations are in Europe (Treneva, (Тренева),

2013). Growth forecasts suggest opening up the potential of Eastern Europe (Polimenov (Полименов), 2014).

The European wellness industry is aware that in order to maintain its leading positions and quality, ensuring

relevant training is a critical success factor (Trendafilov, Dimitrova, 2013), both for current and future

employees involved in the provision of services (Nesheva, 2014, 2016a,) to ensure the satisfactory delivery of

the tasks assigned to them (Nesheva, 2015, 2016b) and “…the wellness practices as a cultural phenomenon

has a positive impact on health…” (Staneva, 2014).

METHODOLOGY: The aim of the publication is to establish the actual quality of the educational programs in

the Balkan countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Macedonia) and setting

out the requirements for specialized staff in Bulgarian Recreative Industry and Niche tourism. Object of the



study were 243 costumes (from a study of the Wellness Institute Bulgaria) senior professionals from various

SPA & Wellness & Thalasso centres (employees, executives, investors, entrepreneurs, managers, `company

managers, representatives of professional organizations and the executive power, master and PhD students in

NSA), which conducted the Balkan survey in support of the experts mapping of the Wellness industry and

educational programs on regional level. NGOs supporting this survey was: the Balkan Cluster for Health,

Wellness & SPA tourism, the Federation of sport pedagogue of Republic of Macedonia, the vocational training

centre "Progress and knowledge" from Sofia, the Medical SPA association of Montenegro, the Wellness

academy of Serbia, the Romanian foundation “Amphytheatru”, Wellness institute of Greece and the Bulgarian

Association for Geomedicine and Geotherapy).

The survey is executed during the period: 2016, December to 2017 March, as a part of the Wellness

Instructor VET Course (WELVET), Erasmus + action key 2, Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of

good practices, strategic partnerships: 2016-1-BG01-KA202. Our work hypothesis is built on the assumption

that joint action is needed, in collaboration with the professional associations and NGOs for the development

and adoption of state regulatory tools for the education of specialized staff for the Recreative and Wellness

industry and the Niche tourism. The applied method is a psychometric registration of the costumers (different

structural levels) opinions, analysis by weight and the ranking of significance and systematization of the

governmental statistical data for the educational programs in different cognitive levels, by countries. The

expert's analysis, of the WELVET survey in Bulgaria, was identified, by finding 6 indicators for ranking the

Wellness facilities and 6 indicators for the customer expectations for the Wellness staff that they ranked by

importance. We calculate the weight of each indicator - in points and in percentages of the entire unity

(Polimenov, 2016).

RESULTS: On the basis of the survey we believe that joint action will produce: Setting standards for

categorization of Wellness & SPAs and quality assessment procedures and services; provide specialized

training of personnel with specialized secondary and higher educational content (in Bulgaria, NSA “V. Levski”

are accredited "Bachelor", "Master" and "Doctoral" degree programs in the professional fields: 7.6.Sport and

7,5. Health Care). The WELVET project's core intellectual output, a VET course for the emerging "wellness

instructor" occupation, is addressing a pressing need of the European wellness tourism industry, namely the

lack of trained staff to deliver high quality specialized customer service. Our ambition is to also ensure and

propose a unique delivery method by designing, testing and producing a WELVET mobile app., in order to

ensure free and open access innovative training embedded in the digital era. The WELVET project further

resonates the main new features and meta priority lines of Erasmus+ such as dissemination and exploitation

of results: the project consortium covers 4 main regions of EU - South-Eastern, Central, North and Western

Europe, open access to education products and multilingualism (products in 5 languages: EN, BG, EE, MK,

DE). Important it is to create "... educational Wellness modules and levels of education in the teaching and

training process ..." in the secondary and the higher education (Dimitrova, (Димитрова, 2012).

DISCUSSION: For the first time is presented the statistical data 2017, for the Balkan region and the

educational models from secondary school to "Doctoral degree" programs. Table 1 summarized the existing

education and training programs worldwide by continents in 2014. This information is considered to be as

accurate as possible, from the Global Wellness Institute / by his research team / but the figures are permissible

standard error. Perhaps there are other providers of special education who are not identified and were noted in

the study - as is the Bulgarian case. Providers listed in the table are based on data of the research team of

SRI, according to information compiled: online, by email, site survey or filed by telephone.



The survey of the WELVET project show for the first time, the existing type of programs for specialised staff

on the Balkan Region and

some other European

countries. Providers of

continuing education are

also new, fragmented and

no "proven" model for

effective delivery of

training for employees

already working in the

Wellness sector. At

present special problems

in management of

Wellness business

concern (Ellis, 2013):

1.The challenges

associated with current /

future SPA & Wellness

managers; 2.The

requirements for a high

level of skills acquired in

their careers / path of growth; 3.Challenges in taking a management position, which requires interdisciplinary

knowledge and skills combined with an understanding of the Wellness Culture and people motivation for

healthy life style. In our original psychometric experiment, the main factors for high quality and preferences for

one Wellness Centre, according to the majority of customers (Table 2) / experts “The centre must employ

highly qualified and trained personnel, selected according to specific criteria like education, skills and

Bachelor / Master /

Doctoral Degree

Short courses,

seminars, Certification

Caribbean region 3 1 1 7

Europe 9 3 8 15

Latin America 4 1 - 3

Middle East 1 1 - -

North America 16 7 - 9

In the world 41 15 2 24

Bulgaria 7 3 6 + 1 PhD 2

Macedonia 2 - - 2

Austria 4 2 1 BD +1 MD 4

Estonia 3 - - 3

Romania 1 - - 1

Greece 1 - - 1

Montenegro 1 - - 1

Serbia 2 - - 2

Turkey 1 - - 1

Albania - - - -

Total 22 6 9 17

Worldwide (2014)

Balkan Region of Europe (2017)

Note:Worldwide data are the intellectual property of the Global Wellness Institute (Miami, Fl, USA) and published with

permission.

Table 1:

Types of educational programs and training for SPA & Wellness worldwide

Summary of Wellness & SPA Management - Education & Training programs on the sector

Destinations

Total number of

University / College

specific programs

Total number of

University / College

Private companies

1 2 3 4 5 6

/6 /5 /4 /3 /2 /1

un. un. un. un. un un.

88 12 1 1 _ _ 102

86% 12% 1% 1% _ _ people

486 60 4 3 _ _ 553 Units I

Rang Weight

9 66 15 6 5 1 102

8,50% 65,50% 14,50% 5,50% 5% 1% 100% II

54 330 60 18 10 1 473

4 3 70 6 10 9 102

3,50% 2,50% 69% 5,50% 9% 8,50% 100% III

24 15 280 18 20 9 366

1 12 6 42 4 37 102

1% 12% 5,50% 41,50% 3,50% 36,50% 100% IV

6 60 24 126 8 37 261

4 6 20 72 102

_ 3,50% 5,50% 9% 71,50% 100% V

20 24 60 144 248

5 4 27 11 55 102

_ 5% 3.5% 26,50% 10% 54,50% 100%

25 14 81 22 55 197

VI

2. The centre must meet standards in the

quality of Wellness services and EU

standards regarding wellness & spa products.

3. The centre must have state-of-the-art

facilities and equipment

4. The centre needs a detailed investment

project plan concerning the areas of wellness

& spa business development

5. The centre must have effective structure of

governance and procedures for management_

6. The centre must have excellent image and

competitiveness.

1. The centre must employ highly qualified

and trained personnel, selected according to

specific criteria like education, skills and

experience.

Table 2:

Matrix of the opinions of surveyed experts for evaluation of the quality of Wellness facilities

Indicators Sum Rang



experience” (grades weight 553 units - 86%) and “The centre must meet standards in the quality of services

and EU standards regarding wellness & spa centres” (Ranks weight 473 units – 65,5%). Third and fourth are

classified “The centre must have state-of-the-art facilities and equipment” (Ranks weight 366 units - 69%) and

”The centre needs a detailed investment project plan concerning the areas of wellness & spa business

development” (rang. weight 261 units – 41,5%). Indicators: “The centre must have effective structure of

governance and procedures for management” and “The centre must have excellent image and

competitiveness”, received (rang. Weight 209 units – 71,5%) and (rang. Weight 197 units – 54,5%). The

ranking of the other indicators / 7 to 10 place /, studied by the Wellness Institute Bulgaria, are as follows: a

large assortment of Wellness services; optimal pricing strategy; flexible marketing policy; favourable conditions

of work and promotion of employees, but for the WELVET study the Consortium makes his preference only for

6 statements. From the data analysis we find, that the first and second place are based on the professional

qualifications of the personnel and the effectiveness of the implementation of services. The experts

determination of the priority indicators in the study, conducted to their ranking, should be considered when

uniform standards will be introduced (in accordance with the EU criteria) by all public authorities responsible

for the National categorization of Wellness&Spa facilities and the National certification of staff in the wellness

sector. A crucial need of training programs is established, during the WELVET survey in the partner countries.

Future professionals in the wellness industry needs a stable knowledge and competencies for effective

organizational and methodical (Intellectual and practical knowledge and skills for different procedures and

healthy influences, based on the natural resources and holistic approaches), with a high level of motivation to

offer and perform quality services tailored to the needs of wellness customers and promote their interests. In

this connection it is necessary to

activate the professional contacts

between academic units, VET course

centres, Secondary schools,

professional educational bodies, for

build a Bridge between the theory and

the wellness business and Industry

sectors (with real practice in real

professional environment). The

elaborated, in our Erasmus +

WELVET project – Curriculum,

Syllabus and Job profile are

intellectual outputs are with high

added value to the EU educational

and labour policies, which expect to

ensure inclusive smart growth.

For the first time is presented the full

architectonical vertical of the Bulgarian

educational model from secondary

school to "Doctoral degree" programs

(Table 3) - successful accredited with

excellence by the external experts

from the Bulgarian Agency for

accreditation and evaluation for the

“BACHALOR DEGREE”

WELLNESS ADVISOR

240 ECTS = 7200 h

INTERNAL MOBILITY

BETWEEN BULGARIAN

UNIVERSITIES

“BACHALOR DEGREE”

MEDICAL SPA TERAPIST

240 ECTS = 7200 h

MEDICAL COLLEGE

BD “PROF. BACHALOR“

180 ECTS = 5400 h

Scheme 1:

Architectonic of the Bulgarian educational

model for Wellness Culture and Knowledge-

based Eeconomy in 20 010 h. education.



Bulgarian University: National Sports Academy "V. Levski” - Educational Leader, with 5 accredited Wellness &

SPA & Thalasso programs - from “bachelor degree” to “Doctoral” degree in 2 professional fields: 7.6. Sport

and 7.5. Health Care.

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, on the basis of our survey, we propose conclusions, as the following:

1. On European level, the Recreative industry has needs for well-educated Staff;

2. The Bulgarian model has 7 accredited programs for Wellness & SPA managers and the requirements for a

high level of skills acquired in their education;

3. In Europe and the Balkans, to take a management position, requires interdisciplinary knowledge and skills

combined with an understanding of the Wellness Culture and people motivation for healthy life style.

4. Bulgaria is the Balkan educational leader in the Wellness sector;

5. Europe is building her won quality standards and criteria on educational and professional competencies of

specialized staff for Wellness services.

REFERENCES 1. Dimitrova, B., Y. Donev.(2006). Плувни спортове в училище. Монография. [Swimming sports in school. In Bulgarian.]

София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

2. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and aqua

practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

3. Dimitrova, B. N. DEDE (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна

конференция: Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. [Aqua spinning as anti-stressing health

prevention. 3th International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process.] Сборник

доклади, 2011, p.146-153, Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.

4. Dimitrova, B. (2012). [Димитрова Б.] Аква практики [Aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард

Прима.

5. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International Scientific

Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61).

Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.

6. Ellis, S. (2013). The global wellness tourism economy 2013. Report of the Global Wellness Tourism Congress (Delhi, India).

Ed. Global wellness and Spa Association, Miami, USA.

7. Global wellness institute (2014). Economic Report. Miami, USA, 2014. (https://www.globalwellnessinstitute.org/).

8. Nesheva, I. (2015). Benefits of the physical activity and the elaborated program mental prevention gym for women with

normal pregnancy. Research in Kinesiology, 43(2), p.210-214.

9. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2014). Влияние на гимнастиката при жени с нормална бременност. Дисертация. [Influence of

gymnastics on women with normal pregnancy. Dissertation, Sofia. p1-186] София.

10. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016a). Мажоретни спортове – I част. Монография. [Cheerleading Sports - I Part.

Monograph] Изд. Авангард Прима. София, р.1-104. ISBN 978-619-160-593-4.

11. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016b). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни форуми. Студия.

[Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Studios] Изд. „Авангард Прима“, София, р.1-70. ISBN

978-619-160-593-4.

12. Polimenov, М. (2014). Иновации в ресторантьорството [Innovations in restaurant management. In Bulgarian.] София:

Авангард Прима.

13. Polimenov M., (2016), Restaurant technologies innovations an the impact for the global tourism services, Proceedings of

the VI International Academic Congress "Fundamental and Applied Studies in EU and CIS Countries" (Uuited Kingdom,

Cambridge, England, 24-26 May 2016). Volume VI. "Cambridge University Press", 2016.- 752 p., 2016., 169p-175p, ISBN:

978-0-875-82782-7,



12. Staneva, K. (2016) . An evaluation of the potential of Cross-border region Bulgaria-Serbia for development of Wellness,

medical SPA and SPA tourism - possibilities and perspectivе. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, ISSN 2468 – 6719,

Health, Wellness and Spa Tourism in the Balkans, Netherlands. 3(2016), 43-58.

13. Trendafilov, D., & Dimitrova, B. (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference “Physical

education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р.454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).

14. Treneva, V. (2013). Селекция в спорта кану-каяк [Selection in canoe-kayak sport. In Bulgarian.] Национална спортна

академия „В. Левски“. НСА Прес.

Correspondence: Bistra Dimitrova,

National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski” Sofia ,

Depart. Aquatic sports, Studentski grad 1700 Sofia Bulgaria

Sofia 1415, 46 Nartsis str./ E-mail: [email protected] /(+359 888 518319)

mailto:[email protected]



WELLNESS TOURISM TRENDS AND THE

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WELVET PROJECT

Stevens, Terry

Prof., PhD, Director, Swansea University, Co-Chair Wellness Tourism, Global Wellness Institute

Key Words: Wellness, Niche tourism, Wellness tourism trends, dynamic destination, tourism

management

INTRODUCTION

This paper has been prepared to stimulate discussion within the project team about the future

requirements for a pan-European ‘Wellness Instructors VET Course’ (Dimitrova, 2009, 2012). The

importance of developing a new training program for the wellness instructor community is predicated

upon the core principle that: “ultimately it is people that make a place and the tourist’s experience of a

place and education is at the heart and soul of enhancing the natural talent that exists in any

destination” (Dimitrova, 2011, 2014; Ellis, 2013; Nesheva, 2014, 2015). International experts in the

Wellness&Spa field confirm the high potential of the water influences mixed with organic Foods&Drinks

in support of the human health prevention (Dimitrova, 2011, 2014; Trendafilov, 2013; Nesheva, 2014,

2015, 2016, 2016a, Polimenov, 2011, 2014).

A range of sources have been used to inform this review, including:

‘Wellness Trends 2017’ – www.globalwellnesssummit.com;

‘Global Wellness Monthly Barometer’, Global Wellness Institute;

‘Living Well Europe: Parts 1 and 2’, Kitchen, J. 2017. Spa Business (Issues 1/ 2);

‘Wellness Spas: Trends’, Garrow, J. 2017. Spa Business (Issue 1);

‘The Future of Wellness White Paper: Ministerial Round Table’, Rodde, B & Stevens, T. 2015,

Swansea University;

www.travelweekly.com/wellness tourism predictions (downloaded on 4th June 2017).

“Wellness Tourism and Spa Industry: Building Bridges”, Stevens, T. 2010, Global Spa Summit

METHODOLOGY:

In addition, the author has recently been appointed Co-Chair of the Global Wellness Institute’s

‘Wellness Tourism Panel’ (www.globalwellnessinstitute.com) - together with Dr Franz Linser, Linser

Hospitality of Austria – and, as a result, the opportunity has been taken to discuss these trends with

members of the ‘Wellness Tourism Panel’. The Intellectual products of the new job position “Wellness

instructor are under the authorship and editorship of Prof. Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc. from the National

Sports Academy in Sofia. She was the representative of the Balkan cluster for Health, Wellness and

Spa Tourism – partner in the WELVET project to create the VET course documents and standards. The

content of the new job have also been discussed in an open forum as part of the World Wellness

Tourism Summit held in London in February, 2017.

RESULTS:

The trends and their implications for the future training of people to work in the European wellness

sector

The following table summarises the key trends as identified in the research (listed above) and further

informed and influenced by work recently undertaken by Stevens & Associates for a range of projects

http://www.globalwellnesssummit.com/

http://www.globalwellnessinstitute.com/



and Clients. This includes the following work all of which is relevant to the current discussions for the

WELVET team:

Preparation of a wellness lifestyle resort complex for a private sector Client in England;

A review of luxury and wellness tourism trends for the University of Bergamo in Italy

International benchmarking studies of 12 wellness destinations on behalf of Destination Rotorua

(New Zealand)

A review of wellness tourism trends for a hotel operator in Cyprus

A review of wellness tourism in Istria (Croatia) for CLAD and ‘Spa Business’ magazines (to be

published in August 2017)

A review of wellness communities for The Global Wellness Institute.

In addition, the author has consulted with the other members of the S&A WELVET team (Yvonne Lavis

of Aquathermae and SwimEx) and Beverly Wilson-Smith (School of Management, Swansea

Univerity:‘Talent Bank’).

The views and implications discussed in Table 1 are those of the author.

TABLE 1: TRENDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS

Trend Discussion and implications

Market demand Analysis

The continued growth of global international tourism arrivals and the importance of wellness tourism as a major growth sector driving international travel.

There will be increased levels of demand for people to work in the tourism and hospitality industry, especially those with appropriate qualifications (it should be noted that in wales alone (population c3m people) there is a current shortage of 30,000 people to work in the tourism industry over the next 5 years. = more people needed and better qualified

There will be continued internationalisation of markets with more people travelling to different countries for both leisure and business tourism.

Internationalisation will mean more tourists from different countries, cultures and very varied experiences and expectations of what is meant by wellness tourism, this means that those working in the wellness sector must be prepared to welcome more international guest = this will require more foreign language skills, greater levels of awareness of the needs of different cultures and an understanding of the background of guests

Increasingly guests are seeking experiences – especially those that are real and authentic, that are unique to the destination; they want to participate in local rituals and customs and use local products as part of the wellness experiences

Experiences will drive tourist demand, this means that guests want to be immersed in highly local experiences = staff working in wellness will have to know about local cultures, heritage and local produce and how to apply these narratives to a wellness experience

International tourists are increasingly looking to achieve an holistic wellness experience during one holiday of trip – they are seeking destinations that offer wellness with benefits for the MIND, BODY and the SOUL

The wellness experience must satisfy the whole person in an holistic manner, this will mean providing advice and services dealing with nutrition, exercise, mental relaxation as well as traditional spa-based treatments = staff must be trained in an understanding of all aspects of this holistic approach

For the tourist it is the DESTINATION that is the most important tourism entity

The wellness resort or the wellness hotel is not an island, it exists within a wider destination and the destination as a whole is what delivers the full customer experience = wellness operators must understand and work closely with all the other components of the tourism system in a destination to deliver the complete wellness experience.

There are only TWO rules to successful tourism development: RULE ONE = you must

Wellness tourists are well travelled and discerning and they expect high quality products, they cross compare experiences,



always have a GREAT product; RULE TWO = never forget rule one

the know what they want, they know what international benchmarks are like and they expect quality = wellness staff must understand quality stabndards and quality experiences and undertake benchmarking with international best practice

Innovation and creativity in product development and service delivery is essential

It is essential that wellness products and services are regularly refreshed and renewed, this has to done in innovative and creative ways in order to maintain relevance in the market place = staff have to be motivated and encouraged to find new ideas and be allowed to experiment and evaluate new innovations

The sharing economy is dynamic and influential. Tourists are increasingly seeking out shared experiences with local people using a wide range of social media and sharing platforms.

Wellness staff must be aware of the opportunities and challenges this brings for the creation of new tourist wellness experiences.

Supply side – the wellness providers (hoteliers, resorts, spas and destinations)

Providers expect wellness staff to have a deep understanding of their guests and be able to establish a close (friendly but highly professional) relationship with them

Staff must have good communication skills, be culturally aware of their guets backgrounds and be confident in the guest/host relationship

Providers will increasingly expect their wellness staff to cross sell other services and treatments as well as increase utilisation of treatments rooms and be able to sell products all of which will make the business more sustainable, capable of operating year-round and securing the employment of staff.

Staff must be good at selling, they must understand the commercial rpinciples of running a wellness centre and must be good at managing resources (spaces, people, finance)

The wellness destination and the local community will increasingly expect all people working in the industry to have a good knowledge of the local areas, its heritage, culture and local products to promote to the tourist.

Wellness staff must be trained in all aspects of the heritage and culture of the host destination

The wellness industry is constantly searching for new ideas to re-invent the physical architecture and design as well as the flow and environment for the guest experience

Wellness staff must contribute to identifying new ideas and contributing to these discussions

The overall environmental factor (responsible, sustainable tourism development, energy efficient design of buildings, recycling strategies, clean air and sourcing local materials) is directly shaping new product development and influencing customer choice.

Wellness staff must be fully aware of these opportunities and must be above to articulate these aspects of the exp0ereince to customers

At the heart of these trends is a clear shift for those working in the wellness tourism industry to be able

to DELIVER highly personal, customised, guest experiences.

The benefits of high levels of guest satisfaction are a DIRECT result of a POISITIVE interaction between

the guest and the wellness team members. Higher levels of guest satisfaction will result in:

(A) Greater potential for repeat visits in the future;

(B) Higher levels of spending in the local economy;



(C) Greater levels of positive word of mouth recommendations and the positive messaging on social

media;

(D) Higher levels of interaction with the local community resulting in positive benefits for all involved

DISCUSSION:

The following schedule of questions is NOT comprehensive. Other members of the WELVET team are

invited to suggest new questions and add ideas for discussion.

S&A believes that we are at a moment in time where there are a number of major shifts in the way

tourists are choosing their wellness experiences. Increasingly they are looking at the destination as a

whole and the holistic approach taken in that destination to deliver an integrated, highly customised and

very high quality guest wellness experience.

Table 2: QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

Where do good ideas come from to ensure product innovation and creativity and the ability to refresh the offer?

Learning journeys and study visits, staff exchanges and visits, international case studies and best practice, scholarships, meeting colleagues from different countries?

How can the wellness staff make a direct contribution to creating the unique selling proposition for a spa, wellness hotel of wellness resort?

Incentivisation, local familiarisation courses, brain storming and think tanks, local projects, meeting with local specialists in food, drink, heritage and culture? Understanding art, culture, performance?

Most of these trends identify the need for wellness staff to have a range of skills that go beyond those associated with giving technical massage or other forms of treatments. What is the new set of skills that we have to consider?

Understanding anthropology, learning foreign languages, introduction to psychology, reading guest expectations? Sympathy, empathy? Understanding the whole persons needs and motivations – from looking good and feeling good to learning new skills.

What is the role of new technologies in helping deliver this new skill set?

What should be the balance in any new course between traditional content and the introduction of this new type of content?

CONCLUSIONS:

Examples of international best practice

The following destinations offer tourists an integrated and holistic approach to their wellness experience

supported by well and appropriately trained wellness and hospitality staff.

TABLE 3: DESTINATIONS

Destinations Websites

Terme Euganee Abano Montegrotto, Italy www.consorziotermeeuganne.it/www.abanomontergottosi.it

Baden-Baden, Germany www.baden-baden.de

Terme Olimia, Slovenia www.terme.olimia.si

Mali Losinj, Croatia www.visitlosinj.hr

Bregenzerwald, Austria www.bregenzerwald.at

Bairersbronn, Germany www.Biaersbronn.de

REFERENCES: 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and

aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

2. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна


http://www.consorziotermeeuganne.it/

http://www.abanomontergottosi.it/

http://www.baden-baden.de/

http://www.terme.olimia.si/

http://www.visitlosinj.hr/

http://www.bregenzerwald.at/

http://www.biaersbronn.de/



prevention. 3th International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process.]

Сборник доклади, 2011, p.146-153, Department of Physical education and sport, Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski.

3. Dimitrova, B. (2012). [Димитрова, Б.] Аква практики [Aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард

Прима.





normal pregnancy. Research in Kinesiology, 43(2), р.210-214.

9. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2014). Влияние на гимнастиката при жени с нормална бременност. Дисертация. [Influence

of gymnastics on women with normal pregnancy. Dissertation, Sofia. p1-186] София.

10. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016). Мажоретни спортове – I част. Монография. [Cheerleading Sports - I Part.


11. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016a). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни форуми. Студия.


978-619-160-593-4.

12. Polimenov, Mincho,(2011) CULTURAL TOURISM - SPECIFICITY AND TRENDS , „Diversification Opportunities of the

Thematic Culinary Restaurant's Product in the Context of the Cultural Corridor Sofia – Oxford ” International scientific

conference “ Cultural Corridor Sofia-Ohrid - Cultural Tourism without boundaries”, 06.07.2011-10.07.201, Faculty of

Economics, Department of Tourism South-West University "Neophyte Rilski"- Blagoevgrad, 2011, Vol 1, pp. 106-111.

12. Polimenov M., (2014) Innovation in SPA and enology as opportunity to raise the Competitiveness of tourist services,

Intrenational tourist forum SPA and Wine, SWU, Neofit Rilski, с.162-166. ISBN 978-954-680-954-4

13. Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference “Physical

education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р. 454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001).

14. SPA: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE (2013). Where Mind and Body meet Nature and Nurture” Canadian Tourism

Commission

15. SPA and Wellness (2012). A National Framework for Ireland” Failte Ireland TURISMO DEL BENESSERE TERMALE”

(2002) Terme Eugannee Abano Montegrotto

16. Tomorrow’s world (2007). Healthcare and Tourism Visit Scotland.

17. Wellness tourism and medical tourism (2011). Where Do Spas Fit?” Research Report Global Spa Summit.

Contacts:

Prof. Terry Stevens

Founder & MD, Stevens & Associates

E-mail: [email protected]

School of Management, Swansea University



NEW SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR INNOVATIONS

ON THE CREATIVE AND RECREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Harizanova, Olya

Prof., D.Sc., IT Chair, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”

Key Words: Recreative, Creative, Industry, Product, Research, Knowledge

INTRODUCTION

Cultural heritage can be seen as an essential resource for developing and implementing new

technologies in the creative and recreative industries (Dimitrova, 2009, 2012). International experts in

the recreative field confirm the high potential of the water influences mixed with wellness food in support

of the human health prevention (Dimitrova, 2011, 2014; Trendafilov, 2013; Nesheva, 2014, 2015, 2016,

2016a, Polimenov, 2011, 2014; Staneva, 2016).

There have been many implemented initiatives already but a large number of already developed

projects in the fields of CH have not yet led to a comprehensive result demonstrating its actual place in

the “past - present – future” chain or the “knowledge - application - added value” chain. CH is seen

mostly as a “perfect entity”, which in itself is of a high value and even priceless, but not as a foundation

for future development. From this perspective, the construction of the new and specific scientific

infrastructure can be demonstrating a new approach and to generate opportunity to reach new results

both in research and in the social sphere and the economy. The same is directly related to increasing

the level and market orientation of the research activities of the leading scientific organizations if the

conditions attract highly qualified researchers for conducting high level research. As a result, a

significant improvement in the potential for applied research, experimental development and innovation

can be expected. Some expected contributions can be as follows: (1) an implementation of a cohesion

policy at a national and community level; (2) enhancing the effect of investment in science and research;

(3) a development of integrated research and innovation in different areas of science. A special added

value can be expected in improving the quality of research and development innovation research in

priority areas of Innovative strategy for smart specialization (ISSS) through the creation and

maintenance of complex distributed research infrastructure of the highest tech-level.

METHODOLOGY

Investments in modern research infrastructure are, in essence, investments in a high-level scientific

complex that conducts research in line with good world standards. In this connection, an integrated

system of facilities, resources and related services should be set up to be used by the scientific

community to conduct interdisciplinary research in five scientific fields:

₋ Humanities and Arts (philology; history and archaeology; philosophy; religion and theology; theory of

arts; art; music and dance; theatre and film);

₋ Social, economic and legal sciences (sociology, anthropology and cultural studies; psychology; public

communications and information sciences; administration and Management; economy; tourism;

pedagogy of (....);

₋ Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics (informatics and computer science);

₋ Technical Sciences (architecture, civil engineering and geodesy);

₋ Health and sports (wellness).



Integrated system may include: (1) appropriate facilities, (2) science-based equipment, (3) toolkits and

knowledge based resources (collections, archives, structured scientific information, support

infrastructures), (4) ICT (networks, computer equipment, software and communication tools) and (5) all

other resources of a unique nature allowing the conduct of scientific research.

The development of research infrastructure and institutional capacity can be the result of achievements

in these scientific fields and areas: (1) Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics (Informatics and

Computer Science); (2) Social, Economic and Legal Studies (Administration and Management); (3)

Technical Studies (Architecture, Construction and Geodesy).

The actual planning need to undergo three stages: (1) Identifying the needs for substantial

modernization of the existing research infrastructure; (2) Designing new research infrastructure; (3)

Determining specific activities for construction, equipment and use of the research infrastructure.

Stage 1. Identifying the needs for substantial modernization of the existing research infrastructure. At

this stage is performed a critical assessment of existing infrastructure, which is currently being used as

well as of real needs of completing the capacity for advanced R&D. Based on this assessment, is

proposed a set of measures to modernize infrastructure. The leading criteria for assessment of current

infrastructure are: (1) availability of resources for implementing the research activities (available or

missing); (2) sufficiency of the necessary resources to the implementation of research activities

(sufficient or insufficient); (3) quality of available resources needed for the implementation of research

activities according (corresponding to modern conditions or not corresponding to modern conditions); (4)

need for new resources to implement research activities (defined parameters, unit, unit price).

Stage 2. Designing new research infrastructure. This stage undergoes three sub-stages: (1)

Specification of restrictions on construction of new research infrastructure; (2) Definition of the model

and category of research infrastructure; (3) Formulation of a vision for innovative interpretation and use

of CH through the infrastructure and activities. The planned research infrastructure is based on the

“knowledge triangle” - education, research and innovation because it will have a critical mass of

advanced scientific equipment and scientific capacity with new competencies and skills.

Stage 3. Definition of the construction, equipment and use of research infrastructure. The planned

activities tailored to the purpose and conditions of use of the scientific infrastructure are aimed at:

significantly improving the development potential of advanced and market-oriented research;

carrying out independent research and development for more knowledge, which are not affected by

the economic interests of individual enterprises;

implementing joint R&D where the research infrastructure is involved in effective cooperation;

disseminating research results widely while respecting the conditions for entitlement to inclusion,

equal access and non-discrimination;

providing education to a greater number of human resources with better qualifications;

providing teaching in different educational levels and forms, free access to databases, open access

to publications, development of open source software;

maintaining a quality knowledge transfer system by building a sustainable environment/system for

sharing them with users from different social and economic sectors consisting minimum two subsystems

– a knowledge hub (to coordinate various sources of knowledge and to promote knowledge in all

relevant communities) and knowledge webs (to sharing the experiences as an informal network to

provide conditions for interaction between different user groups with common values and beliefs).



The ultimate goal in implementing the three stages should be to create the conditions for developing,

implementation and maintaining of a new business model, centred around CH as an effective factor in

production.

RESULTS From a business point of view, the development and implementation of a new business model, centred around CH as an effective factor in production is an innovation in itself (in terms of the innovative use of cultural heritage)1. Such an approach to CH may contribute to smarter, socially inclusive and sustainable development of the country and Europe. We shall emphasize that so far CH has traditionally been viewed as an object of public expenditure. CH should be seen as an integral component of economic growth, of competitiveness and well-being of societies. CH must be singled out as a production factor for economic and wider social development. Traditionally, the economic benefits of CH have mostly been related to tourism, but today it must be

seen as an innovative stimulus for many traditional and new industries. Many countries in Europe have

successfully exploited these benefits of heritage to create wealth, jobs and an improved living

environment.2 It is these aspects of CH which are among the main reasons for forming tourist flows or

export of services and products. In a nutshell, in a European context, CH has started seen as a factor

contributing significantly to EU GDP. It is recognized as an essential part of the underlying European

socio-economic, cultural and natural capital. CH and related services not only generate economic

benefits, but enrich the environment and improve the quality of life of European citizens, contribute to

their well-being, sense of history, identity and belonging. Undoubtedly, this is an important change in

views on a European level, insofar as CH has until recently been regarded only as “costs”.

From a social point of view, however, an innovative use of specific CH or its integral components is

required to promote integration, social inclusion and participation in the democratic processes - all

elements of smart, inclusive and sustainable development. The main objectives here relate to: (a) a

greater awareness and understanding of culture; (b) attracting consumers from all social groups to using

new and innovative products and services derived from CH; (c) attracting consumers from all social

groups for management and conservation of CH; (d) developing cultural and social capacity through

education and public initiatives.

From a nature perspective, the focus must be on an innovative use of CH to achieve sustainable

development of the environment. The main objectives are: (a) the inclusion of CH as part of the

assessment of environmental, impacts on the quality of life, examining the relationship between

immovable heritage and environmental infrastructure; (b) the contribution of CH for the welfare of urban

areas; (c) new models of local management of local cultural heritage; (d) integrated management of

natural and cultural heritage; (e) implementing a spatial planning approach - where CH should be

positioned. The prevailing understanding is that the environment is directly related to various CH

material objects such as artefacts, historic sites, architecture, etc., intangible cultural features such as

traditions, stories, legends, arts and others. The “environment – CH” system is dynamic and multi-

layered, but it is a system of public goods and resources. Such complex dynamic systems require

appropriate means, methods and approaches to planning and management.3

Given the above one of the main results to which the activities should be targeted is to build the

research infrastructure and institutional capacity, to significantly improve the potential of applied

1 EC (2015). Getting cultural heritage to work for Europe Report of the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on Cultural

Heritage. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. рр. 5- 6. 2 For more details: Ibid, pp. 7-9.

3 For more details: Ibid, pp. 19-20.



research activities related to promoting sustainable, smart and inclusive growth in competitive markets

through excellence in the following scientific areas: (1) Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Informatics

(Informatics and Computer Science); (2) Social, Economic and Legal Studies (Administration and

Management); (3) Technical Studies (Architecture, Construction and Geodesy).

The new infrastructure, on the one hand, can be based on innovations in the formation of a new

technological complex (Cloud Computing, Data Center, Virtual Reality and others). On the other hand,

can be innovations based on the pooling of expert teams in interdisciplinary areas for interdisciplinary

research and practice in a sphere that is currently fragmented and closed as a product within the narrow

boundaries of specialized institutions and teams.

The contribution to the development of the thematic area can be expected at several levels: for science

itself and its development, community development, modernization of established practices and the

introduction of new, etc. At the level of development of science, they provide: the introduction of new

research approaches and practices; formation of new knowledge about CH; conducting research at a

high level through an interdisciplinary approach; significant publications in international journals;

formation and development of digital humanities; etc.

DISCUSSION

To build a new research capacity, to achieve the commercialization of scientific products and to link the

results to the real needs of the social sphere and business, the specialization of research and

development teams should be enhanced by interdisciplinary activities at two levels: (a) between

different fields in the same science; (b) between scientific fields from different science.

The results form an interdisciplinary research based on a modern research complex will be directly

applicable in practice associated with the life cycle of processes in science, education, social sphere,

business sphere. Real contributions are expected to derive from forming a corpus of new knowledge or

of significantly improved knowledge, the development of applied products and electronic service, which

in turn are associated with the scientific fields mentioned above.

A key advantage of the new integrate research infrastructure can be related to its interdisciplinary and

the capacity building for research in the specific scientific fields, in the frontier areas of science and in

the interdisciplinary areas. The efforts of the teams that will work in border areas will contribute to the

formation of new scientific and applied fields such as digital humanities. It is realistic to expect another

major outcome, namely added value of the “knowledge – product – commercialization” chain.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, on the basis of our survey, we propose conclusions, as the following:

1. On European level, the Recreative industry has needs for well-educated Staff and researchers;

2. The Bulgarian scientific model has one new accredited program on doctoral level for Wellness”-health

promotion and the new requirements for a high level scientific innovations in the field of

Recreative&Wellness industry and niche tourism;

3. In Europe and the Balkans will be created the first Centre for Excellence for “Creative and Recreative

Industries”;

4. The innovations for the Wellness Industry and Tourism require interdisciplinary knowledge and

research combined with an understanding of the Wellness Culture.

REFERENCES 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and









Прима.












978-619-160-593-4.







13. Staneva, K. (2016). An evaluation of the potential of Cross-border region Bulgaria-Serbia for development of Wellness,


Health, Wellness and Spa Tourism in the Balkans, Netherlands. 3(2016), p.43-58.



Correspondence:

Olga Harizanova,

E-mail: [email protected]

(+359 878 520545)



RUSSIAN SPA INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATION IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN SPA MARKET

Bogacheva, Elena

President “Spa and Wellness International Council”, Russian Federation

Keywords: Wellness, Spa, Russian Spa industry, integration, Spa market, Eastern Europe

INTRODUCTION

The historical perspective say us, that the Russian traditions of balneology go back to the 18th century

when Peter the Great, who was highly impressed by German “kurorts” , issued an order to search for

the mineral springs in Russia and to start creating the state-sponsored balneology resorts. International

experts on the field confirm the high potential of the water influences in support of the human health

prevention (Dimitrova, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014; Trendafilov, 2013; Nesheva, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2016a,

Polimenov, 2011; Staneva, 2016).

Pretty soon the first “kurorts” became popular with the Russian nobility, and although they were

addressed exclusively to the upper classes, national balneology school and industry were formed by the

20th century on a large scale.

METHODOLOGY

We use a content analysis for systematization of the indicators for measuring the development and

integration in the eastern European spa market.

RESULTS&DISCUSSION

Alongside with the Caucasian region that was extremely rich in mineral sources – hot springs and

Peloids – thalassotherapy resorts were developed on the Black Sea coast.

The healing traditions from Western an Eastern Europe were largely employed in those establishments

but some innovative natural curative methods, elaborated by Russian balneologists, were also

employed. Physiotherapy was an important component in the structure of all sanatoria, whatever the

location.

During the Soviet era all balneo resorts were nationalized and became available to all groups of

population. Sanatorium - a health clinic focusing on rehabilitation and located in a climatic region -

became an important segment of the socialist healthcare system. Anyone could benefit from a free

vacation in the Crimea or in the Caucasus. A large number of sanatoria belonged to trade unions. A

strictly medical approach was implemented, and a patient could not choose treatments that were

prescribed by physicians. Several research institutes operated in the Soviet Union with hundreds of

prominent scientists working on the innovations in balneology and thalassotherapy.

Subsidized by the state, all sanatoria were well equipped, had qualified medical staff and evidence

based treatments. The accommodation level left a lot to be desired in the state-owned establishments

but the facilities that belonged to large enterprises or institutions (i.e. defence ministry, KGB etc.) could

easily compete with the international hotel chains.

Alongside with sanatoria the Soviet healthcare system incorporated the so-called “profilactoriums” that

were aimed at prevention and largely employed natural healing methods. Those would mainly belong to

enterprises and, besides vacation programs would offer short-term stays for workers.



In the 90-s, as the result of “perestroika” the general healthcare system of the Soviet Union collapsed,

the state stopped to finance the sanatoria. The majority of the population could no longer afford seaside

vacations, and the richer “new Russians” would prefer traveling abroad for recreation purposes. Of the

several thousands of sanatoria and climatic resorts were gradually devastated by the 21 century.

2. Post-Soviet era

Following the end of the governmental support to preventive medical institutions quite a large number of

sanatoria were closed, but many of the old establishments – in Russia as well in the ex-soviet republics

were privatized, and a new era of the segment started. Some of the still existing sanatoria that belonged

to large enterprises and corporations were being re-structured, shifting to commercial recreation

programs. But the vast majority of the population chose to go abroad for their vacations. Turkey and

Egypt, Czhekhia and Hungary, Bulgaria and Slovenia became more attractive destinations as well as

sometimes even more affordable ones. The new Russian heath resorts would often establish higher

prices for rehab programs, with the service standards remaining much lower than in Europe or Asia.

Russian tourists were also attracted by the new spa treatments that were provided in international

wellness destinations. Some of the new entrepreneurs who were impressed by their spa vacations

would attempt to implement the spa concept in their new businesses – mainly in the beauty facilities.

The new spa industry was formed in Russia, leaving the age-old healing traditions to sanatoria.

With health and beauty becoming a matter of growing concern, and with the Russian business

development the new concepts of spa and wellness became popular even on the governmental level. In

2003 the national wellness program of “protecting the health of the healthy population” was adopted that

was based on the holistic prevention approach.

By the end of the 20 century the first Russian spa and wellness facilities were opened, and although

small in number, they were quite competitive with their European analogues. But despite expectations

the new businesses were not based on the national balneotherapy healing traditions, and would rather

copy Asian and American day spas and resorts.

Alongside with the rapid growth of the spa industry, the sanatoria segment became opposed to the

newly emerging market of spa salons. And it was only about 5-10 years ago that the situation changed

and big investors started to pay attention to the high potential of the domestic health resorts.

The spa industry as such was officially recognized by the Russian government in 2012 when the first

national standards for operating non-medical spa facilities were elaborated. By that moment state

regulations for providing spa treatments were too strict and would be applied both to sanatoria and city

salons. The Russian spa and wellness industry is still being developed between healthcare system and

private businesses. Under the current regulation all spa therapists have to possess a medical

background. It is also obligatory for a spa to have a physician with 3 years of experience in beauty

industry on staff. Today about 600 former sanatoria provide modern spa treatments, and dozens of new

spa hotels appear every year, both on new sites and as the results of a sanatoria reconstruction or

modernization. So we can speak about two key segments of the Russian wellness market: sanatoria

(or health resorts) and medical spa hotels.

Some statistics:

In Russia today 38% of health and wellness facilities are still regulated by the state, and more than half

of sanatoria and spa hotels are privately owned.

Together with classical sanatoria the total number of balneological and Thalasso resorts amounts to

about 2000 facilities, with a total capacity of 8 million dollars.

3. Medical Spa Hotel



The comprehensive “medical spa hotel” model is gaining popularity both of the primary and secondary

wellness tourists and serious investors.

The basic healing factors that are employed in sanatoria – climate, landscape, natural mineral resources

and physiotherapy – are combined with modern spa treatments, fitness activities, healthy eating and

beauty therapies.

Accommodation standards are sometimes as high as five-star hotel.

Medical Spa Hotels are often located in the cities, for example the award-winning “Luciano” in the

capital of Tatarstan, Kazan.

The programs and treatments of a typical medical spa hotel may include detoxification on a cellular

level, prevention of metabolic dysfunction, correction of vertebral problems, weight balance programs.

Some medical spa hotels specialize in aesthetic medicine and provide complex rehabilitation after

cosmetic surgery and anti-age programs.

Compared to a typical spa hotel, Medical Spa Hotel provides programs with a particular result (not just

relaxation), and all treatments are preceded by diagnostics and conducted under medical supervision.

Scientific evidence and innovative technologies make these establishments competitive to best

preventive medicine clinics. For example, the famous “Kivach” works with the unique method of

“endoecological rehabilitation” based on the innovative principles of clinical lymphology, introduces by

professor Y.M.Levin. The above mentioned “Luciano” offers “Metatron” and “Oligoscan” diagnostics that

can hardly be found in any Moscow clinic.

A client of a medical spa hotel would normally receive recommendations for wellness lifestyle – dietary

plan, fitness exercises, and medical check-up plan. Wellness coaching becomes an important part of

programs both during the stay and afterwards.

4. SWIC – Spa and Wellness International Council

Spa & Wellness International Council (SWIC) is a non-profit organization based on membership,

established in Russia in 2010 in order to support the development of spa and wellness industries in the

Russian Federation and CIS countries (Ukraine, Belorussia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,

Azerbaijan).

SWIC is the only non-profit organization in the region aimed at elaborating the corporate standards for

the industry of spa and wellness by joining efforts of governmental structures and private business.

SWIC is open for both individual and corporate membership (including foreign companies operating on

the Russian and CIS markets), the terms of joining SWIC requiring serious professional achievements

and experience in the health and beauty industry.

The Committee of Experts, composed of prominent scientists, entrepreneurs and leading experts from

different countries, will provide consultations and professional support to SWIC members.

The key goals set by Spa &Wellness International Council are as follows:

- Promote spa and wellness concepts in the region;

- Create an effective system of education and information in support of spa and wellness business;

- Help to implement innovative projects;

- Establish and promote spa and wellness standards;

- Collaborate with the governmental structures in order to create favourable conditions for business

development.

During the past 7 years Spa & Wellness International Council has undertaken a series of activities:

- Elaboration of the first national standards for spa services



- “Spa Red Pages” directory, which comprised a data base of all spa categories in Russia, Ukraine,

Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia

- publication of “Spa and Wellness Encyclopaedia” (3 volumes) by Elena Bogacheva, and a number

of books addressed to professionals

- “Perfect Spa” International Awards, carried out since 2012, with over a hundred nominees from

Eastern Europe.

Since 2014 SWIC has been organizing the major professional event - Spa and Wellness International

Congress, as well as a series of conferences within exhibitions and forums for spa and wellness

professionals. Since 2015 SWIC has acted as a key supporter of the Global Wellness Day activities in

Russia.

SWIC has partners among leading professional media, key spa market producers and vendors,

educational establishments and professional associations and institutions.

5. Professional Collaboration in Eastern Europe and Asia.

Eastern European and Central Asian healing traditions have common roots. The advantage of

numerous mineral sources and profound scientific research in balneology in Hungary, Bulgaria,

Slovenia, Slovakia, Czhekhia, Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe, combined with ancient

healing traditions of Central Asia constitute a firm basis for cooperation in this part of the world.

The rapidly developing spa markets in Balkans, Baltic states and Altai region open new perspectives

for the global wellness tourism.

CONCLUSION

There is an urgent need to consolidate efforts of professional associations towards elaboration of

specific standards for the wellness industry.

We all meet from time to time at the global events such as Global Wellness Summit, or regional EU

Forums, such as the European Wellness & Spa & Thalasso Education (at the NSA “V. Levski”, Sofia)

today. It would be great to organize in future the EuroAsian Wellness Summit, addressed to professional

leaders from Eastern Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Uzbekistan etc.

Such forum, gathering leading scientists and experts would contribute to promoting spa and wellness

concepts in our countries for the benefit of domestic and international wellness tourists.

REFERENCES

1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and







Прима.














978-619-160-593-4.

12. Polimenov, Mincho,(2011) Cultural tourism - specificity and trends , „Diversification Opportunities of the Thematic

Culinary Restaurant's Product in the Context of the Cultural Corridor Sofia – Oxford ” International scientific conference “

Cultural Corridor Sofia-Ohrid - Cultural Tourism without boundaries”, 06.07.2011-10.07.201, Faculty of Economics,

Department of Tourism South-West University "Neophyte Rilski"- Blagoevgrad, 2011, Vol 1, pp. 106-111.

12. Staneva, K. (2016). An evaluation of the potential of Cross-border region Bulgaria-Serbia for development of Wellness,


Health, Wellness and Spa Tourism in the Balkans, Netherlands. 3(2016), p.43-58.



Correspondence: Elena Bogacheva, E-mail: [email protected] / President

Spa and Wellness International Council (SWIC) www.1swic.ru / www.perfectspa.ru


http://www.1swic.ru/

http://www.perfectspa.ru/



WELLBEING TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA

Staneva, Krasimira

Assoc. Prof., PhD, Faculty of Business Administration,

University of Forestry, Sofia

Key words: Wellbeing tourism, geomedical indicators, development concept

INTRODUCTION

Wellbeing tourism is a new approach for recreation. The main prerequisites for sustainability

development of this tourism product are green environment, thermal springs, clean mountain and

recreation potential of landscape. On the other hand, the high qualified personnel is a big advantage in

the managing process. Bulgaria is situated in very attractive part of Balkan region- there are suitable

conditions for development and promotion of successful tourism products in the area of soft health

tourism: thermal, medical SPA, SPA and Wellbeing. In addition, the well-developed tourism

infrastructures can become a main factor for successful Wellbeing destinations management.

International experts and/or scientists on the field confirm the high potential of the water influences

mixed with Wellness food in support of the human health prevention (Dimitrova, 2009, 2011, 2012,

2014; Trendafilov, 2013; Nesheva, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2016a, Polimenov, 2014; Staneva, 2016).

DESIGN OF INVESTIGATION

The aim of investigation was to test different geomedical indicators that are successfully applied

by the World Tourism Organization for measurement of Sustainable Tourism Development and to find

applicable ones for Bulgarian Wellbeing tourism.

Some established SPA destinations were situated in places with different environmental

characteristics and conditions for development of Wellbeing tourism.

Research network: well-developed SPA and thalassic tourism destinations

Bulgarian-Serbian Cross Border region: Dolna banja, Belchin, Varshetz, Sofia, Kjustendil-

thermal SPA resorts;

Devin, Bansko and Velingrad – mountain thermal SPA resorts;

Sunny Beach and Pomorie - Black Sea tourism and thermal SPA resorts.

Study objects:

20 SPA /Wellness hotels, located in regions with different environmental characteristics were

examined. The objects were divided into four examined group: EG1- hotels in urban area, EG2-

mountain environment area, EG3- Black Sea area, EG4 (Control group): mountain areas in Austria

(Vorarlberg land) and Black forest (Germany).

METHODOLOGY

The main indicators are: indoor and outdoor environment audit including quality of air, water,

soil and mineral waters; implementation and management of environmental technology – green energy,

waste management, HSSR (Healthy Safety Security Risk Assessment) for clients/personnel; ergonomic

audit of professional equipment, implementation of Quality Management System (QMS);

electromagnetic pollution screening.

Laboratory tests



The chemical investigation of underground water and soils included analysis of contents of Cu,

Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, SO4, BTEX and TPH. The analysis was done at Certificated Laboratory INTERGEO

Umwelttechnologie und Abfallwirtschaft GmbH, Salzburg.

Delphi Study (joined to Balkan Delphi Study-Balkan Wellbeing Project)

The questionnaire’s screening joined 32 Medical SPA Managers, 18 members of Medical SPA

Associations and 40 clients (2012-2014).

RESULTS

The main laboratory results showed good quality of underground water, soils and mineral

waters in mountain objects. The quality of using mineral resources for tourism is quite good. All of

mineral springs managed by local Municipalities: Dolna banja, Kjustendil, Sofia, Bansko, Velingrad and

Pomorie. Their responsibility for the quality and quantity of mineral springs are very helpful for creation

of sustainability SPA destinations.

The electromagnetic pollution was no detected also. Some environmental problems and high

values of non -ionized electromagnetic field were obtained in urban hotels in Sofia, Sunni beach and

Kjustendil.

Comparing the chemical composition and healing effect of mineral waters from Belchin, Devin,

Pomorie and Velingrad since 2007 to 2014 year, can conclude there is a sustainability of quantity and

quality characteristics of mineral springs (1, 2).

The Ergonomic Audit obtained deficiency of main ergonomic standards for healthy and safety

workplace.

The Managers opinion about impact of environmental status on quality of Wellbeing including

SPA services were too different and depended on geographical situation of examined object and

professional expertise of employees. A very hot idea was marked about landscape recreation potential

in mountain objects (3). Some of responds declared their enthusiasm about development of new tourism

landscape trials in Stara Planina Mountain and Rhodopes Mountain also.

All clients need of specific environmental information, data of healthy risk assessment and

ergonomic audit of building and equipment also.

All Delphi Study results for Bulgaria are corresponding to final Balkan Wellbeing projects results

(fig. 1)

Figure 1 Customers selling tourism products

propositions

Source: Project KTIA_AIK_12-1-2013-004, 2013

Some trends for sustainability Wellbeing

destinations management

In accordance with obtained research results

and an economical estimate of situation in Bulgaria we

can present a very new concept idea for implementation

of some environmental characteristics as sustainability

development indicators. They can describe as local

indicators which impact on main planning process, Risk

Analysis and development of Wellbeing destinations.



The core of presented idea is suitable combination of Black Sea, green mountains and well-

developed SPA resorts which should be the focus of our new recreation tourism products. Their

contents should be developed like gastro-heritage, traditional cuisine, authentic wellness programs (

geo-wellness) and geomedical tourism. The very attractive product can be forest recreation tourism with

forest out door bathing. Obviously, Wellbeing does not have to be costly. It is very simply to offer

recreation in fresh nature and healthy home-made food. But it is not enough for develop a successful

and sustainability tourism product. We need realize our vision: Healthy from the Nature, but with respect

to environment and human health.

In line with Balkan Wellbeing concept, Bulgaria is very hot place for manage of Wellbeing

tourism products (fig. 2).

Figure 2 Suggested Main Sorces for

Welbeing Product Development

Source: Project KTIA_AIK_12-1-2013-

004, 2013 with author’s changes

Comparing the main touristic sources in

our country with the resources for creation

of Alpine Wellness and Nordic Wellbeing

(4, 5), we can describe the architectonics

of presented Wellbeing model:

Preliminary development stage

- Identification of Wellbeing and SPA resources;

- Indoor and outdoor Assessment of environment;

- Electromagnetic pollution (EMP) screening ;

Main development stage:

- Development, marketing and branding ideas creation

Post development stage

- Monitoring and Evaluation of Geomedical indicators: ♦ Data collection and analysis; ♦

Screening of geoemedical indicators benefits for sustainability development of SPA and Wellbeing

tourism.

CONCLUSION

We obtained the some advances of geomedical indicators in Bulgaria: all management plans which

were applied the indicators corresponded to European Environmental Agency rules and Bulgarian

Ministry of Environment and Water also. The collected and analysed geomedical information can apply

for social-economic assessment and for improving of quality of life and Health prevention of population.

Some of tested geomedical indicators are corresponding to risk assessment data in SPA and Wellbeing

tourism today.

REFERENCE 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and


2. Dimitrova, B. N. DEDE (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна научна







Прима.








7. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016). Мажоретни спортове – I част. Монография. [Cheerleading Sports - I Part. Monograph]

Изд. Авангард Прима. София, р.1-104. ISBN 978-619-160-593-4.

8. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни форуми. Студия.

[Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Studios]. Изд. „Авангард Прима“, София, р.1-70. ISBN

978-619-160-593-4.

9. Polimenov M., (2014) Inovation in SPA and enology as opportunity to raise the Competitiveness of tourist services,

Intrenational tourist forum spa and wine, SWU, Neofit Rilski, с.162-166. ISBN 978-954-680-954-4

10. Staneva, K. (2016). An evaluation of the potential of Cross- border region Bulgaria-Serbia for development of Wellness,


Health, Wellness and Spa Tourism in the Balkans, Netherlands. 3(2016), 43-58.

10. Staneva, K., E. MARINOV, (2013). Conceptual model for sustainability development of Wellbeing and Medical SPA in

Bulgaria using some geoecological indicators for measurement. International Science Conference: “Innovative

balneology” , Kluchi, Russia November-2013.

11. Staneva, K., E. MARINOV, (2014). Концептулен модел за устойчиво развитие на Wellbeing и Medical SPA в

България, иползвайки геомедицински индикатори. Тракийски университет, Мед. Колеж, 301-306.

12.Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference “Physical

education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р.454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001)

13.http://sommertouren.bregenzerwald.at/de/touren/

14.http://www.vorarlberg.gv.at/english/pdf/v-praesentation-allg_3_.pdf

15. http://www.blackforest-tourism.com/Black-Forest

Contacts:

Assoc. Prof. Krasimira Staneva, PhD,

University of Forestry, Sofia,

e-mail: [email protected]

Mob.: (+359) 896146653

http://sommertouren.bregenzerwald.at/de/touren/

http://www.vorarlberg.gv.at/english/pdf/v-praesentation-allg_3_.pdf

http://www.blackforest-tourism.com/Black-Forest




SURVEY OF CHESS “PROFILE” OF SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS

Dimitrova, Leyla

Head assistant, PhD, Linguistic Department, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria Key words: chess in school, children chess-playing, extra school activities, families

INTRODUCTION

As teachers and parents battle with the distractions of electronic games, social media and attention

deficit disorder among younger generations, the supporters of chess education argue that it is a great

way for children to learn about fair competition, mental discipline, planning and perseverance. Clubs and

federations focus on developing chess as a sport. But we believe that chess has more to offer mainly as

a tool for educational benefits, such as concentration, critical thinking, abstract reasoning, problem

solving, pattern recognition, strategic planning, creativity, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation, to name a

few. A series of evaluation studies have been made on the effects of chess teaching on performance in

the academic, cognitive and behavioural domains. Most studies (Redman Tim (2006); McDonald, P.S.

(2005, 2006)) concluded playing chess could raise IQ scores, strengthen problem solving skills,

enhance memory and foster creative thinking. Chess is part of the curricula in nearly 30 countries. In

Venezuela, Iceland, Russia, Armenia and other countries, chess is a subject in all public schools. In

countries where chess is offered widely in schools, students exhibit excellence in the ability to recognize

complex patterns and consequently excel in math and science (Milat, 1997). Sometime can serve as an

recreational tool for psycho relaxation and/or distraction (Dimitrova, 2009, 2012, 2014; Trendafilov,

2013; Nesheva, 2014).

The acceptance of the Initiative of the EU Parliament in March 2012 to bring chess into the school

system in EU-members was seen as an important milestone in Bulgaria. There school chess is

considered as one of most important topics for Bulgarian chess federation. The main purpose of the

survey was to obtain basic information about school students’ attitude towards in-school and after-

school chess activities and to investigate their opinion on chess tuition in school. The second purpose

of this study was to identify the key motivation factors for pupils’ wish for chess tuition in school. The

third objective was to estimate the importance of chess-playing families as a background for the

introduction of chess to the school environment. Our hypothesis: The survey of school students’ opinion

about in-school and after-school chess activities will show their attitude towards introduction of chess

lessons to the secondary school curriculum.

METHODS

Research sampled a group of 62 children aged between 11 and 14 (boys: 35; girls: 27) from 10

Bulgarian cities. They were asked to complete a brief questionnaire. Majority of the questions concerned

in- and after-school informal chess activities. Most questions included several answer suggestions. The

most important items we focused on were: “Who are you playing with?”; “Does anybody from your family

play chess?”; “Would you attend chess lessons in your school?”; “How often would you like to attend

chess lessons in your school?” In-depth interviews and focus group discussion were also used.



RESULTS

Who do you play with more often?

Fig.1 Distribution of answers of the

question: Who do you play with

more often?

Students (49%) enjoy playing chess

with friends of while 44% usually play

with a family member. Despite of great

electronic chess game development

only 7% of students play chess online.

And none of them mentioned actual chess site. None of them attends a chess club or uses chess

software either. Respondents indicated they easily find a partner to play with and most common

opponents are friends and family members.

Does anybody from your family play chess?

More than a half of pupils stated that at least one family member plays chess. Most common this is

father – 51,5% of answers, followed by grandfather – 24,2%, brother – 15,2, mother – 6,1% and sister –

3%. Observations have shown that children learn to play chess more quickly if their teacher is older

brother or sister or elder relative. Ideally, a parent or someone else at home knows the game and can

play at least a basic game with the child.

For studying family impact on students’ motivation we used the data analysis with software SPSS 16

(Tables 1 and 2):

Table1.

Impact of family factor

Family * can play chess Cross tabulation

Count

Can play chess

Y N Total

Family member

can play 27 6 33

can’t play 12 17 29

Total 39 23 62

The role of the educator is very important in our new age of modern technologies that requires a

different skill set. Parents see the need for students to develop healthy habits of mind and value the

critical thinking and creative problem solving skills inherent in studying and playing chess. The

development of intergenerational chess play between parent and child and grandparent and child

generate a new period of quality time at home for adult-child relations.



Table2.

Results of χ2-analysis

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)

Exact Sig. (2-sided)

Exact Sig. (1-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 10,817a 1 ,001

Continuity Correctionb 9,154 1 ,002

Likelihood Ratio 11,145 1 ,001

Fisher's Exact Test ,001 ,001

Linear-by-Linear Association

10,643 1 ,001

N of Valid Cases 62

a. 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 10,76.

b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Would you attend chess lessons in your school? In school we can’t avoid “classroom-style” of chess teaching, which conflicts with pupils’ aspiration for

more physical activities. Nevertheless a huge majority of respondents – 62,9% answers they would like

to attend chess lessons in their school. A quarter wouldn’t attend such lessons, while 11,3% have no

opinion.

Fig.2.Would you attend chess lessons in your

school?

How often would you like to attend chess lessons

in your school?

Overall 66 per cent of the children said they would like

to try chess once a week. These results correspond

with the idea that scholastic chess movement has to

be focused on bringing the students educational

benefits and not to be used mainly to attract junior

club members. According to us chess being taught within normal class time for one hour a week by

accredited chess coaches will be a good start. Many students are engaged in other activities. However,

two hours per week are usually enough for a busy person to make sensible progress in chess if he

follows a structured program of study and training.

About one fifth of pupils want to learn chess twice a week, while the most enthusiastic 11,3% would like

to have chess lessons three times per week.

CONCLUSION

The research showed that the children, living in the cities and those living in the smaller towns have the

same attitude towards playing chess. A significant factor for children's attitude to chess is the presence

of a family member who is good at playing the game.

Chess has become a part of modern education and is pro-family, pro-education and pro-social.



Reports from students noticed they have significant positive attitude to learning chess in school.

Incorporation of chess into the curriculum of schools must be promoted and encouraged.

REFERENCES: 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and aqua

practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

2. Dimitrova, B. (2012). Аква практики [Aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард

Прима.

3. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International

Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings

(p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.

4. Horgan, R. W., & Morgan, D. (1990). Chess expertise in young children. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4,

109 – 128.

5. Mcdonald, P.S. (2005, 2006) The Benefits of Chess in Education, a collection of studies and papers on

chess in education.

6. Milat, M. (1997). The role of chess in modern education. [Online]. Available:

https://www.kidchess.com/milat_roleofchess.htm

7. Redman TIM (2006). Chess and education: Selected essays from the Koltanowski conference. Dallas, TX:

Chess Program at the University of Texas at Dallas.

8. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни

форуми. Студия, с 1-70. [Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Studios, р 1-70]

Изд. „Авангард Прима“, София. ISBN 978-619-160-593-4.

9. Trendafilov, D., & B. Dimitrova (2013). Aqua Spinning as anti-stress health prevention. Acts of Conference

“Physical education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, (р. 454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-

4517-48001).

Correspondence:

Dimitrova, Leyla Head assistant, PhD, Linguistic Department, National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected]



THE OPPORTUNITY OF HEALTH TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MONTENEGRO

Stijepovic, Vasilije

President of Medical Spa association in Montenegro

Keywords: tourism, health tourism, development, Montenegro

INTRODUCTION

The paper studies the possibilities of health tourism development in Montenegro. Montenegro

has possesses important natural and infrastructure potentials for the development of this type of tourism

and it has managed to recognize its importance. International experts and/or scientists on the field

confirm the high potential of the water influences mixed with Wellness food in support of the human

health prevention (Dimitrova, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014; Trendafilov, 2013; Nesheva, 2014, 2015, 2016,

2016a, Polimenov, 2011, 2014; Staneva, 2016).

In that respect, necessary activities have been undertaken with the aim to achieve concrete results in

this field in the forthcoming period. Health tourism is being recognized in the Strategy of Tourism

Development 2020 as a primary product in Montenegro. It is necessary to work on the branding,

introducing quality standards, legislation to form the strategic alliances, as well as to create the

institutional and operative support in order to successfully implement a strategy for the development of

health tourism in Montenegro. Having in mind that there is not enough research related to the

development of health tourism in Montenegro, the research in this paper was carried out by the Medical

Spa Association and the Cluster of health tourism of Montenegro.

METHODS

Health tourism products today are one of the fastest growing segments of world tourist offers. The

assumption in this paper is that health tourism is a new, yet insufficiently valorized form of tourism,

which has a significant perspective in many tourist countries, especially in Montenegro. We are taking

initial steps aimed at contributing to the more intensive development and mapping of a new - selective

form of tourism. The mentioned initiative will be implemented in order to establish a better and more

complete diversification of the national tourist product, with adequate positioning in the tourist market

under the regionally promoted slogan: "Montenegro - the destination of health".

1. The retrospective of the development of health tourism in Montenegro

Health tourism, as one of the forms of special interest tourism, has undergone a great expansion, and

health tourism products represent today one of the fastest growing segments of the international tourist

offer4. Health tourism is a new, yet insufficiently valorised form of tourism, which has important

prospects in many of the tourist countries, including Montenegro.

In order to become more competitive, we should focus on increasing the capacities in the health and

wellness sector, as well as on special programmes of professional qualification and certification in the

health care and hospitality sectors for hospitals and hotels, aimed at improving skills of the professional

staff and at creating a sustainable model of health tourism, thus helping build trust among consumers

and buyers. In order to become competitive in the health tourism sector, whilst acting according to its

established economic orientations, Montenegro should put many efforts to reach the same level of some

of the East and Middle European countries, which are the biggest “competitors” in terms of attracting

4 WTO, Tourism 2020 Vision, Global Forecasts, Volume 7, 2001



this type of customers in the tourism industry. Slowly but surely, Montenegro started taking an

increasingly important position on the European health tourism map, although it is still far from taking full

benefits of the possibilities offered by its natural potentials. In order to find the key answer to the

question how to turn a “sun and sea destination” into a year-round destination, the health tourism

development is of the utmost importance. It is also necessary to underline that, beside the extension of

the tourism season, health tourism generates exceptional financial results. To illustrate this statement,

suffice it to take a look at the official data on the annual growth of health tourism of 20% at the global

level, and at the fact that 15% of all trips are motivated by health reasons. Taking in consideration the

above stated, Montenegro, where the tourism sector participates with the greatest share in the GNP

(20%) and represents the most promising branch of economy, must find the right way, using a clear

strategy and choosing adequate techniques, to valorise and promote the health tourism segment on the

competitive tourism market.

Montenegro is already well-known as a beautiful and attractive tourist destination; however its potentials

have not yet been fully exploited and the desired international image has not yet been fully attained. The

place of Montenegro should be among the top tourist destinations at the global level. Its landscape and

natural values, its cultural and historical heritage combined with hospitality of its people represent an

exceptional advantage.

1.1. Prospects for the development of health tourism in Montenegro

The most important prerequisites for the development of health tourism in Montenegro are already met.

These are primarily favourable climatic conditions and the well-preserved nature with a multitude of

various and rare natural healing factors, natural resources, thermal and mineral waters which, along

with the construction of adequate transport and accommodation infrastructures, would guarantee a

better positioning of this type of tourism on the market. In that respect, it is necessary to ensure a

continuous preservation of the environment and the protection of resources – natural healing factors as

well as their identification, definition and systematization. Montenegro has already recognized the

importance of this process, and has already taken corresponding steps to achieve concrete results in

this area in the forthcoming period. Over the past four years, the Medical Spa Association of

Montenegro has been working with dedication on education, through organization of professional

conferences on health tourism, with participation of prominent experts from the region, within the

framework of preparations for the implementation of the project of the Health Tourism Cluster, which

represents an expert organization whose aim is to increase the competitiveness of its members and

improve the health, wellness and spa tourism of Montenegro. This is the first cluster in the sector of

health, wellness and spa tourism in Montenegro, and its objective is to promote Montenegro as a health

destination and to establish cooperation with leading experts in the area of health care, tourism and

related auxiliary sectors, in order to promote the overall health tourism offer of Montenegro acting in

concert on the regional and international markets. The role of the Cluster is to contribute to the

achievement of this goal through an organized access to emissive markets, positioning and branding of

members of the Association on the regional and international markets, through joint marketing efforts

and PR activities and cooperation with similar organizations and institutions, as well as the professional

training of members of the Association.

Moreover, the task of the Cluster is to promote the protection of human health and the quality of life, to

organize conferences, seminars, workshops and other professional gatherings, and its role in

optimization of the work of members of the Association through the unified procurement process and

joint research and development, as well as in accreditation and standardization of services through the



formation of the Cluster Resource Centre is particularly important. Another task of the Cluster is also to

encourage better networking and cooperation between the members of the public, private and scientific

and research sectors, the strengthening of sectors, encouraging the use of EU funds as well as the

targeted attraction of domestic and foreign investments in particular branches of economy. Members of

the Cluster are companies, educational, scientific and research institutions, travel agencies, local self-

governments involved in the health care, wellness and tourism sectors. Members of the Cluster are

leaders in the area of health care, wellness and spa tourism in Montenegro with references on the

domestic and international markets.

Considering the complexity of health tourism sector, the members of the Cluster, already 40 of them,

are divided into sectors. This is how the following sectors have been formed: the Medical Tourism

Sector, headed by the European brand “Dr. Simo Milošević Institute” from Igalo, the institution with the

years-long practice, tradition and the well-deserved place on the European market, excellent results,

well-equipped accommodation and therapeutic capacities, experienced staff and facilities for new

capacity building, fully capable of satisfying any market demand. With existing capacities and potentials

and pursuing a carefully planned development path, the Institute would be capable of assuming, in a

relatively short period of time, an important, even leading position in the area of health tourism of the

South Europe.

1.Institute for physical medicine, rehabilitatiton and rheumatology „Dr Simo Milosevic“ – Igalo

The following structures are also worth mentioning: the Special Hospital for Lung Diseases in Brezovik,

General Hospital in Meljine, Public Institution Kakaricka gora, Optimal Day Hospital, IVF Clinic Life, as

well as a large number of private health care institutions throughout Montenegro. It was not by case that

we have established the Dental Tourism Sector, dedicated to dental studios which can compete on

equal grounds, by their equipment and qualified staff, with those in developed European countries.

Center for Dental Implantology and Cosmetic Dentistry – Dental Montenegro

http://www.dentalmontenegro.com/

Their advantage is the price of services which, according to our estimates, are 8-10 times lower than in

Europe, and if, in addition to dental service packages, we offer to our potential clients some of our



attractive destinations, it does not surprise why we give special priority to this segment of medical

tourism and why we put our efforts in its strengthening and affirmation. The wellness and spa tourism

has become an increasingly important segment, where, contrary to the medical tourism where tourists

visit a certain destination seeking medical or rehabilitation services, wellness and spa services by rule

are sought by tourists who wish to improve their health condition. Montenegro has so much to offer, just

to mention spa and wellness services provided by of the Cluster Members, Splendid Conference & Spa

Resort Hotel, Maestral Resort & Casino Hotel, Monte Casa Spa&Wellness Hotel in Petrovac, The

Queen of Montenegro Hotel etc.

Hotel Splendid Conference & Spa Resort

http://www.montenegrostars.com/index.php/pools-beach

Another important segment of the health tourism, to which another sector within the Cluster has been

dedicated, is the sport and recreational tourism. Suffice it to mention the potentials of the Ulcinj Riviera

or the Indoor Sports Hall Topolica in Bar, which could be the perfect place for the preparation of athletes

throughout the year, or indoor sports halls in Žabljak and Kolašin, which have facilities for high altitude

training of athletes. If we add to this other numerous potentials and other existing mountaineering and

cycling programmes already put in place, which could be complemented with other programmes, such

as the development of forest medicine, the conclusion is that this segment has sufficient development

potentials too. The Cluster also organized the work of its different segments, which should follow the

development of the health tourism, through the work of travel agencies, transportation sector,

equipment, marketing, education and local self-governments. It is through good cooperation with local

self-governments that we can sublimize the overall offer of the health tourism, but also establish what

would be interesting for potential investors in the field of health tourism. That way, devastated buildings

of the old hospital in Žabljak and Šavnik municipalities or the boarding school building in Kolašin

municipality could be turned into some modern dental or rehabilitation centre. Considering that the

economic growth of Montenegro is founded, among other things, on the increase of foreign investments,

the state should focus on simplifying the existing administrative barriers in order to facilitate the access

to the foreign capital and consequently encourage the building of new health tourism capacities. It is

also very important to give a full support to domestic and foreign investors in capital increase and

construction of new capacities in the existing health tourism destinations.

Another equally important objective of the Cluster is the establishment of a resource centre, a kind of

know-how centre, whose primary task would be the capacity building of human resources, i.e.

education in the field of basic knowledge and training in the development of particular skills of the staff

employed in health tourism, aimed at meeting expectations and needs of guests, which represents the



key factor of success. This Centre would monitor modern quality standards in the provision of health

tourism services and gather cases of good practice in the industry. Finally, the Centre would also collect

information about modern trends in health tourism and carry out their analysis, organize

seminars/conferences, in order to offer to decision-makers in the public and private sectors a solid

decision-making platform.

Beside investments in the development of health tourism centres, it is necessary to improve conditions,

reconstruct and increase accommodation capacities, modernize and upgrade services in accordance

with European and international standards and requirements of tourists in the area of health tourism,

whilst working on harmonization of legal regulations and creating favourable climate for the

development and investments in this important segment of the tourism industry. Beside the support of

the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism of Montenegro, which provided the space and

funds for the beginning of its work, the Cluster has also achieved full cooperation with the National

Tourism Organization of Montenegro, with which it has signed the Agreement on Business and

Technical Cooperation, as well as with the Chamber of Commerce of Montenegro, within which the

Health Tourism Committee has been established, allowing Montenegro to achieve its interests in this

segment, through a synergetic action of health care, state, tourism and other institutions.

CONCLUSION

Health tourism can help Montenegro become the year-round tourist destination, which is why it would be

necessary to reduce the value added tax rate and to develop new services in this area. What is

particularly necessary to do in the area of health tourism development in our country is to intensify the

cooperation between the private and public sectors, to develop new services and interconnect various

types of tourism. In that respect Montenegro has several particular advantages, one of which is the low

price of health care services, which is a great comparative advantage of Montenegro compared to the

western countries. Although there is a strong interdependence between the tourism and health care

sectors, potentials for cooperation have not yet been fully exploited in Montenegro. Considering that the

health tourism market itself is very complex, it is necessary to apply the approach of a unified offer.

Interests in this segment would be the best achieved by a joint, synergetic action of health care, state,

tourism and other institutions. What Montenegro will need to do in the shortest possible delay is the

much needed certification, considering that certificates represent an extremely important reference for

attracting tourists in the area of health tourism5.

Benefits generated by health tourism in Montenegro are the development of medical and health care,

extension of the tourism season – more job positions, overall growth of tourism and more particularly

growth of hospitality, air transport and other types of transport, travel agencies, insurance companies

and promotion of touristically less developed areas in the country. Also, a successful promotion of

health tourism will require the promotion of the destination using modern internet and mobile

technologies, considering that Montenegro lacks a clearly developed marketing strategy and promotion

of health tourism on the national and international markets. In that respect, it is essential to promote

health tourism amenities, products and services (wellness, thalassotherapy and medical services) as an

added value to coastal destinations and as an important trump card of the development of the

continental tourism (especially health resorts, spas, wellness and medical services).

The existing wellness tourism offer in hotels and tourist resorts is focused on beauty treatments,

massage, sauna, pool amenities and fitness, and its development potentials are debilitated by a lack of

5 http://www.mrt.gov.me/rubrike/publikacije/151644/Turisticki-bilten-avgust-2015.html



regulations related to professional qualifications of staff, as well as by legal regulations that limit the

introduction of medical components in hospitality industry.

It is necessary to ensure preconditions for a successful growth in Montenegro, primarily through legal

regulations to be adopted at the level of both ministries (Tourism and Health Care), which should work

in a synergy to ensure the overall development, and to encourage activities of domestic and

international tour operators and agencies in promotion of the Montenegrin health tourism, and to

harmonize, in the shortest possible delay, legal regulations in the area of the health tourism sector. A

clear division of competences in this sector will create preconditions for a stronger and faster

development of health tourism and thus the creation of new job positions and self-employment.

REFERENCES

1. Center for dental implantology and Cosmetic Dentistry – Dental Montenegro -


2. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and


3. Dimitrova, B. N. Dede (2011). Акваспининг като антистресова превенция на здравето. Трета международна

научна конференция: Оптимизация и иновации в учебно-тренировъчния процес. [Aqua spinning as anti-stressing

health prevention. 3th International Scientific conference: Optimization and innovation in educational training process.]



Прима.




6. Hotel Splendid conference & Spa resort- http://www.montenegrostars.com/index. php/pools-beach



8. Nesheva, I. [Нешева, И.] (2016). Изследователски импакт чрез научни доклади в международни форуми. Студия.

[Research impact through scientific reports in international fora. Studios]. Изд. „Авангард Прима“, София, р.1-70.

ISBN 978-619-160-593-4.







11. Staneva, K. (2016). An evaluation of the potential of Cross- border region Bulgaria-Serbia for development of Wellness,

medical SPA and SPA tourism - possibilities and perspectivе. ATLAS Tourism and Leisure Review, ISSN 2468 –

6719, Health, Wellness and Spa Tourism in the Balkans, Netherlands. 3(2016), 43-58.


education and sport”. Montenegro, 2013, No 37-39 / XI, р.454-460. ISSN 1451-7485 (9771-4517-48001)

13. WTO, Tourism 2020 Vision, Global Forecasts, Volume 7, 2001

14. Institute for physical medicine, rehabilitatiton and rheumatology „Dr Simo Milosevic“ - http://igalospa.com/.

15. Tourist newsletter - Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism, August 2015 -

http://www.mrt.gov.me/rubrike/publikacije/151644/Turisticki-bilten-avgust-2015.html

Prof. Vlatko Stjepovic Medical Spa Association Montenegro [email protected] Mobile: +067 522 284


http://www.montenegrostars.com/index.%20php/pools-beach

http://igalospa.com/

http://www.mrt.gov.me/rubrike/publikacije/151644/Turisticki-bilten-avgust-2015.html




WELLNESS DEFINES THE HEALTH AND THE GOOD FUTURE OF PUPILS

Milka Baryakova PhD "Theory and Methodology of Physical Education and Sports Training”

National Sports Academy “Vasil Levski”, Sofia

Keywords: physical education, healthy life, young people

INTRODUCTION

Health and physical education (PE) programs are challenged to provide meaningful and relevant

learning experiences for children and youth in the 21st century. The aim of this report is to explain the

status and perspectives of health and PE programs which is combined with Wellness and Spa areas, "...

creating a polyvalent SPA culture …“ (Dimitrova, (2009). [Димитрова]), "... discuss problems for

remedial importance of physical activity in the aquatic environment…”(Dimitrova, (2012) [Димитрова])

“…improving the quality of life and health status of the practitioners …“ (Dimitrova, 2014) . The

regulation of this field is logically coordinated but "... should not strive to eliminate conflicts, but to use

them to their advantage (within the sector), because they contain constructive force…“ (Dimitrova,

2011[Димитрова]) and concentrated with physical education and the 21st century modern lifestyle

(Dimitrova, 2014). It should be noted that „…not only in Bulgaria but also in Europe the finding of a

highly qualified staff for Spa & Wellness centres is a major problem…“ [Dimitrova (Димитрова),

(2014a)].

When we connect PE program with Wellness and Spa areas by applying the Six-Dimensional Model, a

person becomes aware of the interconnectedness of each dimension and how they contribute to healthy

living.

METHODOLOGY

This holistic model explains:

• How a person contributes to their environment and community, and how to build better living spaces

and social networks and create a good connection between parents and kids

• The enrichment of life through work, and its interconnectedness to living and playing

• The development of belief systems, values, and creating a world-view

• The benefits of regular physical activity, healthy

eating habits, strength and vitality as well as personal

responsibility, self-care and a healthy lifestyle

• Self-esteem, self-control, and determination as

a sense of direction

• Creative and stimulating mental activities, and

sharing your gifts with others

The Wellness model may be helpful in finding

solutions to form general and more flexible local PE

programs throughout the world.

1.Table – The Six-Dimensional Model



RESULTS

Wellness is generally used to mean a state beyond absence of illness but rather aims to optimize well-

being. The notions behind the term share the same roots as the alternative medicine movement, in 19th

century movements in the US and Europe that sought to optimize health and to consider the whole

person. The term arose in the World Health Organization’s 1948 constitution which said: “Health is a

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity.”[1] It was initially brought to use in the US by Halbert L. Dunn, M.D. in the 1950s; Dunn was the

chief of the National Office of Vital Statistics and discussed “high-level wellness,” which he defined as

“an integrated method of functioning, which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the

individual is capable.”

The US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration uses the concept of wellness in

its programs, defining it as having eight aspects: emotional, environmental, financial, intellectual,

occupational, physical, social, and spiritual[4]. [1] Zimmer, Ben (2010-04-16). "Wellness". The New York

Times.; "The Eight Dimensions of Wellness". Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA). 2016.

Six Dimensions of Wellness

Developed by Dr. Bill Hettler, co-founder of the National Wellness Institute (NWI), this interdependent

model, commonly referred to as the Six Dimensions of Wellness, provides the categories from which

NWI derives its resources and services.

http://www.nationalwellness.org/?page=six_dimensions

Definition of Wellness

Wellness is a conscious, self-directed and evolving process of achieving full potential

Wellness is multidimensional and holistic, encompassing lifestyle, mental and spiritual well-being,

and the environment

Wellness is positive and affirming

The definition of wellness, long used by the National Wellness Institute is consistent with these

tenets. Wellness is an active process through which people become aware of, and make choices

toward, a more successful existence.

By applying the Six-Dimensional Model, a person becomes aware of the interconnectedness of each

dimension and how they contribute to healthy living. This holistic model explains:

How a person contributes to their environment and community, and how to build better living

spaces and social networks.

The enrichment of life through work, and its interconnectedness to living and playing

The development of belief systems, values, and creating a world-view.

The benefits of regular physical activity, healthy eating habits, strength and vitality as well as

personal responsibility, self-care and when to seek medical attention.

Self-esteem, self-control, and determination as a sense of direction.

Creative and stimulating mental activities, and sharing your gifts with others.

Applying a wellness approach can be useful in nearly every human endeavour. As a pathway to optimal

living, wellness is being applied to related fields, such as health promotion and holistic health, and has

seen a growth in "helping professions" including counselling and medical arts and practices.

http://www.nationalwellness.org/?page=Six_Dimensions

The brand Resense creates a steady connection between both - Wellness and young people.

This brand is not preferred only by parents but well used by kids between 5 -12 years of age.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellness_(alternative_medicine)#cite_note-NYT2010-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellness_(alternative_medicine)#cite_note-4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellness_(alternative_medicine)#cite_note-NYT2010-1

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/magazine/18FOB-onlanguage-t.html

https://www.samhsa.gov/wellness-initiative/eight-dimensions-wellness




Created in early 2009, Resense started as a collaboration between Kempinski Hotels and Raison d’Etre.

This union brought together Kempinski’s hotel management excellence and Raison d’Etre’s experience

in tailor-making holistic spas and spa brands.

Resense, now established, is arguably the fastest growing global spa company with more than 50 spas

in operation and development after only six years. It operates two brands: Resense ‘The European

Spa’ and Kempinski The Spa and one white label spa at present. In the future there will be more brands

and white label spas to come.

This is achieved by not only having a well-designed spa with a good operational flow, but also by having

the right people at the right place with the right training. Resense considers authenticity to be crucial for

achieving quality. Resense’s portfolio of spas has achieved an average LQA (Leading Quality

Assurance) score of 92% or higher for the past 2 years.

Kempinski The Spa is a journey inspired by the European cycle of the seasons. Drawing on the

elemental wisdom of nature, our treatments both invoke and restore the body’s natural equilibrium.

Kempinski The Spa – 4 seasons is not a myth, but a fact, that we are all unique. You may feel

invigorated and alive in chilly weather and perhaps feel sluggish and fatigued in hot climates, whilst

another person might be just the opposite.

Inspired by Kempinski’s origins, the distinctive European seasons - central to the Kempinski The Spa

philosophy, invoke an understanding in most of us. While winter generates thoughts of hibernation and

recuperation, spring may encourage ideas of blooming and growth.

Treatments are tailored to provide a definite result that suits each person`s individual needs. Kempinski

The Spa’s seasons identify on how each person would like to feel.

The Resense Spa is the renaissance of the classical European spa. A fusion of modern and traditional

design, art, music, therapies and bathing.

Resense Spa is the ultimate luxury spa that leaves no detail to chance. Resense Spa is available to

Kempinski hotels, other luxury hotels or as standalone spas.

DISCUSSION

• The first of its kind – Luxury European Spa Brand

• Guided Bathing Kur

• Health Concierge or Activity concierge – trained in personalised service

• ‘Anti-Zen’ design concept

The Spa Journey is a collection of Experiences that the parents and kids have from the moment they

walk through the door until the moment they leave. Through that design, personal service, training,

treatments, details and magic we ensure that every person has an authentic experience.

http://www.resensespas.com/spa

Activity concierge is a key position within the Kempinski brand. The main responsibility of an Activity

Concierge is organizing both outdoor and indoor activities. Very often activities are organized in the

Wellness area such as aqua aerobics, water gymnastics, swimming etc.

Usually the activity concierge is a local person who is very knowledgeable about the region and may

quickly and efficiently organize various activities for people at all ages. A relevant education is very

important for a dedicated Activity concierge. One of the TOP universities in Bulgaria is the National

Sports Academy “Vasil Levski”. It provides the highest level of education and is a great start for every

Activity concierge.



In 21st century healthy lifestyle is peoples` top priority. Healthy lifestyle is well promoted on different

platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc. It takes place in the daily shows as well. These

days heath, luxury and well-being may be easily combined. All luxury hotels provide wellness areas

where people may enjoy different facilities such as: outdoor or indoor swimming pools with nonmineral

or mineral water, different type of saunas, steam baths, sensations showers, jacuzzi, fitness centres, ice

rooms, tennis courts, various treatments and massages.

Nowadays sport and relax are very well combined. People may enjoy the wellness area when

combining sports such as aqua aerobics, water gymnastics, water bicycle, yoga. These days creating a

weekly activity programme is a TOP priority for every luxury property.

Activity concierge may see beyond peoples` needs. He/ She may turn people`s life in a whole new

direction, may strengthen family relationships, may provide people with an unforgettable experience.

The activity which is mostly preferred at the Kempinski Grand Arena Bansko is the aqua aerobics.

Parents and kids feel refreshed and rejuvenated. Each session lasts 30 min. Other than that other

activities such as: biking, horse riding, paintball, excursions, hiking etc are popular within guests at all

ages.

There are special activities for

kids such as mini disco,

snowball games in the winter

season etc.

Hotels who provide an Activity

concierge are very often

chosen only because of the

concierge itself.

The below kids` activity

pyramid is very important to be

well implemented in children`s

lives. This way kids will grow up

healthier and will get a great

start in their future

development. The Kids club is

an important part of every

luxury hotel. Experienced animators take care about parents and kids well-being.

Both Activity concierge and Kids club attendants are crucial for creating an unforgettable experience for

parents and children.

CONCLUSION

According to the term Wellness nowadays improves physical fitness and improves the health status of

students. Among the trends of the 21st century, it is fashionable to practice in modern spa centers

where various sports activities such as zumba, kango jimbus, water aerobics, kalentics, boxing, yoga,

etc. are constantly being introduced. The wellness area appears to be the ideal place for workout and

relaxation of the individual, this is the ideal place where everyone can build their personality ideally -

building spiritual and physical beauty, which is related to reaching the so-called harmonious

development of man. As the new trends enter, there is an increase in the number of visitors and

sporting activities.



To achieve good health status among students and to build health habits, it is linked to the following

recommendations:

1. Maintain a healthy body weight without large weight fluctuations;

2. Eat rational and balanced - eat more fruits and vegetables;

3. Reduce the consumption of cooking salt;

4. If you consume alcohol, reduce it to a minimum or reduce it to a glass of red wine in the evening;

5. Build a daytime mode that includes time for you - enough rest, time for favorite activities, attention to

your loved ones and time for social contacts and communication;

6. Do not overdo sitting in front of the TV and computer;

7. Find the time for enough sleep;

8. Stay away from different psychological addictions and harmful habits - alcohol, drugs, smoking,

gambling, food, shopping, and more.

9. Move enough. Even if you do not have time (in your opinion) for active sporting activities, look with

other ways to activate your muscles with us;

10. Do not miss prophylactic examinations and are actively interested in your health;

11. Avoid taking many unnecessary medicines and supplements;

12. Drink plenty of water;

In conclusion, I believe that the following trends will be observed in compliance with the following

recommendations, visits to spa centers and healthy lifestyle according to the National Strategy for

Development of Physical Education and Sport in the Republic of Bulgaria 2012 - 2022:

• reducing the share of the non-sports population from 58% to 39%;

• increasing the proportion of the population that regularly sports at least once a week from 3% to 5%;

• increasing the number of participants in sports activities from 100 000 to 150 000 sportsmen;

• reducing the relative share of the overweight population from 49.5% to 40%;

• increasing the proportion of the volunteer population in the sport sector from 3% to 6%.

Summarizing assessments and proposals to improve the effectiveness of the National System of

Physical Education and Sport are a primary responsibility of the MFAF.

REFERENCES: 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and aqua

practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима. 2. Dimitrova, B. (2011). [Димитрова, Б.] Спортна анимация и забавноразвлекателни програми. Учебник за ОКС

«Бакалавър» и «Магистър». Изд. Авангард Прима, С., с.57, абз. 2. (Sports animation and fun entertainment programs. Textbook degree "Bachelor" and "Master". Avanguard Publishing, p.57, ABI. 2, S.). ISBN 978-954-323-914-6

3. Dimitrova, B. (2012). [Димитрова, Б.] Аква практики [Aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

4. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.

5. Doncheva L., Leyla Dimitrova Innovative Way of Teaching English in Class and Its Influence on Pupils’ Level of Concentration. V Congreso de Internacional de Competencias Básicas (13-15 de abril 2016): la competencia en comunicación lingüística, Ciudad Real, 2016, p. 21.

Web: 1. https://www.google.bg/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNzNXchaTWAhXB

PxQKHYf2BqEQjhwIBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosecrest.org%2Fbewell-wellness%2F&psig=AFQjCNEboe-h8WnZCDsDdq5OcIQgNq--tQ&ust=1505456736578840

2. ZIMMER, BEN (2016). (2010-04-16). "Wellness". The New York Times; "The Eight Dimensions of Wellness". Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

3. http://www.nationalwellness.org/?page=Six_Dimensions 4. http://www.resensespas.com/spa 5. http://mpes.government.bg/Documents/Documents/Strategii/Strategia_2012-2022.pdf

https://www.google.bg/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNzNXchaTWAhXBPxQKHYf2BqEQjhwIBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosecrest.org%2Fbewell-wellness%2F&psig=AFQjCNEboe-h8WnZCDsDdq5OcIQgNq--tQ&ust=1505456736578840



https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/magazine/18FOB-onlanguage-t.html

https://www.samhsa.gov/wellness-initiative/eight-dimensions-wellness


http://www.resensespas.com/spa



AQUATIC THERAPIES AND PRACTICES FOR ENHANCING THE SPA CENTERS SERVICES

Djobova, Stefka

Head assistant, PhD, Water Sports Chair, Sector APA and Sport, National Sports Academy,

Key words: national standard, wellness, water based,

INTRODUCTION

Water is fantastic element but too often we take it for granted, especially when it falls from the

sky. Without it there would be no life on this planet and anywhere there is water on the planet there is

life. Our bodies are made up of more than 50 percent water and so we have a really strong affinity to be

beside water. Gravity and body weight impacts the way the body moves.

Aquatic therapy or more known as aqua therapy is the use of water and water-induced

resistance to improve physical functioning. Another definition presents aquatic therapy as therapeutic

procedure which attempts to improve function through the application of aquatic therapeutic exercises.

These procedures require constant attendance of a therapist educated in performing aquatic therapeutic

exercises. Commonly used synonyms of aquatic therapy are Aquatic Physical Therapy; Aquatic

Rehabilitation, Aqua Therapy, Pool Therapy, Water Therapy (very common term in India), Hydrotherapy

(outside US) (Dreeben, 2017).

Although hydrotherapy has been documented as early as 2400 BC, active hydrotherapy began

around 1930 in the UK when polio victims were made to exercise in water. The development of modern

techniques started with the Halliwick Method (1950) and the Bad Ragaz Ring Method (1955). Today,

hydrotherapy is an accepted and popular form of treating various conditions due to an upsurge in

research. It is acknowledged by the medical community as a method in which to rehabilitate, or re-

educate, the human body. Aquatic therapy presents a near complete reversal of body composition.

Water reduces a human’s body weight by 90 percent, allowing children and adults to ambulate freely in

a way that doesn’t place undue stress on the musculoskeletal system from forces such as gravity and

body weight. Becker (2009) states that since the earliest recorded history, water has always been

believed to promote healing and has therefore been widely used in the management of medical

ailments. Through observation and centuries of trial and error, and scientific methodology, traditions of

healing through aquatic treatments have evolved. Historically, the field of Physical Medicine viewed

hydrotherapy as a central treatment methodology. Scientific foundation of the aquatic therapy benefits

are extensively explained in the literature. Nearly all the biological effects of immersion are related to the

fundamental principles of hydrodynamics. For the purpose of this paper we will summarize the benefits

to : Physical and mental rehabilitation; fitness; relaxation; perceptual motor intervention; self-concept

enhancement; fun; competition; ease of movement. The natural properties of water, such as buoyancy

and hydrostatic pressure, enhance its therapeutic effect. Buoyancy of the water decreases the impact

on joints. Hydrostatic pressure promotes improved circulation, muscle strength and endurance,

improved motion, balance and coordination. The recommendations for therapeutic water temperature

range among 30-32-35 °C. Water based activity is also said to aid in the relief of pain and muscle

spasm, maintain or increase range of motion, strengthen and re-educate weak and/or paralyzed

muscles, improve circulation, lung function, and speech, and preserve and improve balance, co-

ordination and posture (Cole & Becker, 2003). Benefits are not limited to the physical realm - contributes



to psychosocial and cognitive development. The motivational and therapeutic properties of water

provide a stimulating learning environment. Winnick (2017) reports that some instructors even reinforce

academic learning, successfully integrating cognitive concepts during water games and activities

centered on math, spelling, reading, and other concepts. While aquatic therapy is particularly popular in

dealing with e.g. Rheumatism and Orthopedic problems (Fransen, 2007), therapeutic activity in water is

also offered for persons with Stroke, SCI, MS, Parkinson and CP (Daly & Lambeck, 2007). Recreational

as well as therapeutic activities are equally at home in water and all ages take part. A water based

program provides excellent variety to an exercise program (Gowens & deHueck, 2007). It offers a

complete body workout and ranges from gentle walking in water to high-energy exercise. Aquatic

facilities exist at or are used by numerous health care centers, major books have been published on

rehabilitation in water and numerous courses are offered on “philosophies“ of aquatic rehabilitation such

as Halliwick, Bad Ragaz Ring Method, and Watsu. Aquatic therapy includes a large hands-on

component, especially in neurological and pediatric rehabilitation. In these populations treatment is

varied and complex, and aquatic therapy is usually only a minor component. Nonetheless, this might

have an important place in long term rehabilitation where the effect of any treatment is smaller in

measurable terms.

Quantifying the effect of aquatic therapy has, as a consequence, not gained sufficient attention.

In our experience the range of aqua therapies is not well known and popular. For the purpose of this

paper aquatic therapy is defined as movement or exercise in a water environment with an intended

therapeutic outcome. Water is a medium in which recreational exercise as well as therapeutic activity is

equally at home and in which all age levels take part. Aquatic facilities exist at or are used by numerous

health care structures.

METHODOLOGY

A desk research was conducted. Online survey using the key words “spa center” and

“therapies” was performed in order to define the extend and the variety of therapies offered. Descriptive

research based on the author personal experience was applied in order to describe some of the most

popular or fashionable aqua therapies which could be successfully applied in the Bulgarian SPA

centers.

For the purpose of this study we are also looking to define what is SPA and what a SPA center.

According to the English language dictionary (2016) “spa” is a mineral spring or a place or resort where

such a spring is found; a luxury resort, a resort providing therapeutic baths or a tub for relaxation or

invigoration, usually including a device for raising whirlpools in the water. Despite this fact the spa

centers slightly moved away from water. The current spa or also called wellness facilities include a

sauna and treatment rooms. The spa and wellness facilities include a sauna and gym. There are offer a

range of treatments and massages (Collins English Dictionary). Appears that wellness is the hot new

word in the spa business. It's the most powerful argument anyone can make against seeing spas as a

mere luxury, a pampering experience. Now many day spas have "wellness" in their name, or call

themselves a wellness center. But still the use of spa independently dominates when talking about for a

few or more days program to help put you on the path to wellness. Still the spa center is the one that

can provide a total immersion experience in a healthy lifestyle. To summarize in the modern business

spa centers are gone away from the origin linked with the water. Now they offer spa cuisine that

emphasizes whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables and nutritional education; a full program of fitness



and stress reduction classes; therapeutic spa treatments including massage; educational lectures that

teach you how to develop and maintain healthy habits (Brown, 2016).

Aims and objectives For the purpose of this paper we performed a research on the variety of the “therapies” offered in the spa centers in Bulgaria and a review of the major aquatic therapies offered in the world in order to present new opportunities for development and rise in their competitiveness on the market.

RESULTS

According to Ralchev (2016) all newly opened hotels no matter the stars rating, all ranging from

three to five have one or more spa centers/facility. The old hotels are also upgrading and they open spa

centers. As a matter of fact just few hotels in Bulgaria do not have spa facility. From our survey we

found that just recently the Ordinance number two from 29 of January 2016 gives an exact definition of

a spa center and what is the range of services that this center should offer. This Ordinance define the

spa center is a center where various procedures, programs are applied and rituals involving the use of

water - mineral, spring and other, allowed of the law, and / or curative mud and / or seawater and / or

other natural natural resources factors, by applying classic and untraditional methods of influence, anti-

stress, relaxation, and psycho-physical recovery, as well as targeted the beauty of the human body. Led

by the definition we found that in Sofia only 21 spa centers have water facility as swimming pools of

different sizes. The most common facility is the sauna and the steam bath. All therapies offered are

beauty procedures but we didn’t found even one including water. In order to respond to the national

standard we made an attempt to give an overview to real aqua therapies. We want to drown up your

attention to: Bad Ragaz Ring method, Halliwick concept, Passive relaxation methods as Jahara

technique; Watsu; Oceanic Rebalancing; Aquasage; Aquamouvance; Waterdancing; Hydrorelax;

Waving and the recently very popular

Ai-Chi.

The Bad Ragaz Ring Method (BRRM) was developed in its basic form in Germany around

1950. It started as a way to strengthen muscles in simple, one-dimensional patterns. Clients are put in a

flotation device and exercise in a supine position. The therapist restrains the movement as the client

moves through the water. In 1957, the method was introduced in the Health Spa Centre of Bad Ragaz in

Switzerland. In the early sixties, three-dimensional patterns were added to the movements, based on

the ideas of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). Further alterations in the method took

place around 1975, described by the physiotherapist, Beatrice Egger. In 1990, she wrote a book about

the New BRRM, and the updates are now available on CD-ROM and could be found at

www.halliwick.net/cdrom.asp.The goals of the BRRM are: muscle strengthening and re-education;

increasing range of motion; tone reduction and relaxation; to improve alignment and stability.

The Hallicwick Concept is an approach to teaching all people, with a particular focus on those

people with physical disabilities or learning difficulties: to participate in water activities; to move

independently in water; to swim. This method is based on the opinion that activities in water are

beneficial to wellbeing and the Halliwick Concept sets out the fundamentals for learning water skills. The

benefits of activities in water are: physical, personal , recreational, social, therapeutic . The Halliwick

Concept was developed by James McMillan (England), in 1950, when he introduced his Ten-Point-

Program. Since 1975, the Concept expanded to hydrotherapy techniques and developed specific

therapeutic exercises. The Concept has spread across the world and consequently, in 1994, the



International Halliwick Association was established in Bad Ragaz, Switzerland. The official website and

source of information is http://www.halliwick.org.

Jahara technique is a method that teaches bodily awareness in water. Jahara is rooted in the

understanding of two fundamental elements: body mechanics and physical properties of water. A

flexible floatation device called a ‘third arm’ is used to provide the participant’s body with support. This

allows the therapist to move the participant without effort and generates a sense of lightness. Gentle

and continuous traction of the spine results in ‘expansion’ and release of the muscular-skeletal system.

Jahara’s philosophy is summarized in the following concepts: expansion; support; effortlessness;

invisibility and adaptability. The official website and source of information is http://www.jahara.com.

Watsu is a technique which is derived from “WATer shiatSU”. In the 1980s, Harold Dull (USA),

a Zen-Shiatsu master who did Shiatsu stretches in a pool, developed the Watsu method. He found that

the combination of these stretches, applying Shiatsu massage and gentle movements could bring about

deep relaxation. Simply put, Watsu it is a floating massage. It is always performed with the help of the

therapist: the participant floats comfortably in a large pool of warm water while his/her muscles are

massaged; the joints are mobilized and tissues stretched; energy pathways are opened, and the whole

body is moved gently through the water. Today Watsu is practiced by more than 1000 trained and

certified practitioners on 6 continents, in: public hot springs and backyard pools; hospitals and physical

therapy clinics and beauty and wellness spas.

Ai-Chi is a form of active relaxation therapy, derived from Tai-Chi. Relaxation is brought about

through a series of slow movements, combined with breathing techniques. Progression is achieved by

increasing the choreography of the movements. It is a hands-off technique that can easily be applied to

community based programs. Other techniques that also focus on the combination of breathing, postural

control and relaxation are: Wat-shi-gong; Aquatic Feldenkrais (http://www.feldenkrais.com); Aquatic

Pilates and the previously described Halliwick.

Aqua motion is using the water to increase balance and coordination, reducing the risk of falls in the

course of daily activity. Arthritis program is working with the buoyancy of the water to improve

movement and relieve pain. Cardio Endurance Training in water is burning calories and is improving

lean muscle mass. Sensory Swim is Introducing infants and toddlers to new movements while having

fun in the water. Probably the most popular Water Aerobics is using the resistance of the water to

improve strength and create a well-rounded cardiovascular workout.

The inclusion of some of the above mentioned aqua therapies and practices are meaningful

way of the Bulgarian SPA centres to respond to the newly adopted national standards and to increase

their level of competitiveness on the market.

REFERENCES 1. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin

Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

2. Becker, B. (2009) Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications PM&R © 2009

by the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Vol. 1, 859-872.

3. Brown, A. (2016). What Is A Wellness Spa? ©Tripsavvi

4. Cole, A. & becker, B. (2003). Comprehensive Aquatic Therapy, 2ed. Butterworth & Heinemann Publisher

5. Collins English Dictionary. (2017). Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers

6. Dreeben, OLGA Physical Therapy Clinical Handbook for PTAs., 1st edition, Study book. © 2017 by Content

Technologies. I-7 14967

7. Daly, D. & Lambeck, J. (2007). Teaching the Evidence Base for Aquatic Therapy in

8. Persons with Disabilities.

http://www.halliwick.org/

http://www.jahara.com/



9. Gowans, S. & dehueck, A., (2007). Pool exercise for individuals with fibromyalgia. Currunt Opinion in

Rheumatology. Mar;19 (2):168-73.

10. Fransen, M. Nairn, L., Winstanley,J., Lam,P., & Edmonds, J. (2007) Physical activity for osteoarthritis

management: A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating hydrotherapy or Tai Chi classes. Arthritis &

Rheumatism (Arthritis Care & Research), Vol. 57, No. 3, April 15, 2007, pp 407– 414 Issue online

11. Ordinance № 2 [Hаредба № 2] от 29 януари 2016 г. за условията и реда за сертифициране на

"балнеолечебен (медикъл спа) център", "спа център", "уелнес център" и "таласотерапевтичен център".

Издадена от Министерството на туризма и Министерството на здравеопазването. Обн. ДВ. бр.11 от 9

Февруари 2016г.

12. Ralchev, R. [Ралчев, Р.] (2016). Анализ на спа туризма. [Analysis of spa tourism ] Университет за

Национално и Световно Стопанство. Достъпен на: www.unwe.bg/uploads/Infra/FormUploads/12ea86_Анализ-

на-спа-туризма.docx

13. Winnick, J. & Porretta, D. (2017) Adapted Physical Education and Sport. Sixth Edition. Human Kinetics.

Correspondence: Assoc. Prof. Stefka Djobova Aquatic sports Chair National Sports Academy “V. Levski” E-mail: [email protected]



OPEN WATER – EFFECTS OF SWIMMING IN COLD AND WARM WATER

Stoychev, Petar

Doctoral student, Aquatic Chair,

National sports Academy “V. Levski”

INTRODUCTION

In cold water, the cold shock response on initial immersion includes a gasp response, uncontrollable

hyperventilation, tachycardia, hyperventilation and an increase in circulating levels of stress hormones.

The response is initiated by the dynamic response of the peripheral cold receptors; it peaks in the first

30 s of immersion and adapts over the first 2 min. The loss of control of breathing on immersion can be

a precursor to drowning. That most of the deaths during open water swimming are thought to be due to

cardiac problems raises interesting questions concerning the mechanisms associated with these deaths

and why they tend to occur in competition or events rather than open water training or non-competitive

swimming.

During resting immersions in cold water, a conductive gradient between the deep body tissues and the

skin is established down which heat flows. In this situation, the deep body tissues always have a higher

temperature than deep and superficial muscles which remain at a higher temperature than the skin.

At the end of a cold-water swim and for a period after it, the deep body temperature of a swimmer may

continue to fall due to thermal gradients established during the swim. Thus, this post-immersion period

deserves attention in terms of the supervision of swimmers who, on finishing their race, may have the

lowest deep body temperature they have experienced whilst unsupervised and travelling home.

The effector responses of the human thermoregulatory system evolved to function in thermo neutral dry

air (26°C–28°C) in which sweat evaporation and cutaneous vasodilatation are efficient effector

responses for off-loading heat from the body to the environment. When swimming in warm water the

negation of the primary effector response for cooling, the evaporation of sweat, can be compensated for

by the fact that the body is immersed in a fluid with much better physical characteristics for removing

heat. However, as the skin temperature-water temperature gradient narrows, less and less heat can be

transferred to the water.

Little is known about the physiological responses to high-intensity endurance swimming in warm water,

even though its popularity is increasing. Many 5–10-km events, which require athletes to be in the water

for up to 2 h or more, are being held in locations such as the Middle East and South China Sea where

water temperatures are up to 32°C. At rest, such temperatures represent a comfortable aquatic

environment for humans, a little below the thermo neutral range. However, the effects of exercising at

high metabolic rates in these conditions on thermoregulation (both behavioral and autonomic) are

largely unknown, but the increase in metabolic heat production coupled with perceptions of comfort in

these warm water environments appears to have the potential to induce ‘insidious hyperthermia’ in

exercising athletes

METHODS

This article explored in depth major scientific articles, studies, and publications regarding the effect of

the water temperature on swimmer body. The effects of cold and warm water on the body should be

known in order to avoid the risks associated with swimming in an extreme environment.



DISCUSSION

Open water swimming is an increasingly popular sport that takes place in water temperatures that can

present an additional risk to those already inherent in the sport and mass participation in it. More

information on the responses to immersion in cold and warm water, the causes of the individual

variation in these responses and the precursors to the cardiac events that appear to be the primary

cause of death in open water swimming events will help make this enjoyable sport even safer.

Tables, graphs and picture

Long course swimming at Summer Olympics

Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total

1 Netherlands (NED) 3 0 0 3

2

Hungary (HUN) 1 0 0 1

Russia (RUS) 1 0 0 1

Tunisia (TUN) 1 0 0 1

5 Great Britain (GBR) 0 2 1 3

6 Germany (GER) 0 1 1 2

Italy (ITA) 0 1 1 2

8 Greece (GRE) 0 1 0 1

United States (USA) 0 1 0 1

CONCLUSION

The effects of cold and warm water on the body should be known in order to avoid the risks associated

with swimming in an extreme environment.

References: 1. http://www2.len.eu/?page_id=4010&s=OW

2. http://www.fina.org/discipline/open-water

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece_at_the_Olympics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_Olympics

http://www2.len.eu/?page_id=4010&s=OW

http://www.fina.org/discipline/open-water



INFLUENCE OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES IN THE WATER ENVIRONMENT

Ivanova, Vessela

Wellness Institute Bulgaria Keywords: water, gymnastics, impact, health, beauty, pleasure.

INTRODUCTION

Spa, wellness and recreation industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of modern tourism,

including active recreation. What is Wellness really? This is a state of good physical and mental health,

resulting from proper nutrition, physical activity and health procedures (SPA procedures). Wellness is a way

of life in balance with nature (http://www.spadesign.bg). By its nature, "Wellness" includes spa therapies,

and the very term "Spa" is an abbreviation of Latin "Sanus per Aquam" which means "health through

water". , "... creating a polyvalent SPA culture …“ (Dimitrova, (2009). [Димитрова]), "... discuss problems

for remedial importance of physical activity in the aquatic environment…”(Dimitrova, (2012) [Димитрова])

“…improving the quality of life and health status of the practitioners …“ (Dimitrova, 2014) . The regulation of

this field is logically coordinated but "... should not strive to eliminate conflicts, but to use them to their

advantage (within the sector), because they contain constructive force…“ (Dimitrova, 2011[Димитрова])

and concentrated with recreative activities and the 21st century healthy lifestyle (Dimitrova, 2014). It should

be noted that „…not only in Bulgaria but also in Europe the finding of a highly qualified staff for Spa &

Wellness centres is a major problem…“ [Dimitrova (Димитрова), (2014a)].

Water is a living environment for all living organisms. In most terrestrial species, although it is not a

habitat, water is a major component of the internal liquid medium. An average of 60-90 percent of the

mass of living creatures falls on it. Without water, life on earth is unthinkable. The presence of water in

all organisms is an indisputable proof of the unified origin of living matter (https://abritvs.com).

The concept of "achieving health through water (spa)" is known from ancient Rome, where water

from thermal springs has been used to treat various diseases. Spa procedures have aim at relaxing,

toning, restoring the body and spirit and improving general health (http://www.spadesign.bg). They

include various activities in the aquatic environment, very popular lately to maintain a slender figure,

wellness and stress reduction is water gymnastics. We think the goal of every person who practices

gymnastics is to develop muscles without damage to internal organs and be able to manage them. The

exercises in the water are a great way to combine business with pleasure, as water gymnastics develop

skeletal muscles, ligaments, joints and skin. It is definitely effective for making a harmonious and

proportional body, but it is not scientifically proven and established exactly what kind of exercises for

which age group are the most appropriate, in which diseases, what exercise load is recommended.

METHODOOGY

Literature is insufficient compared to the fast-growing interest and commercialization of gymnastic

exercises in water and their effects on the body. This define the purpose and objectives of this study:

Aim of the study: To determine the amount of importance on the influence of gymnastic exercises in

water on the body of those involved.

Tasks of the study:

1. Determining the effect of the water gymnastics on the musculoskeletal system of those involved.

2. Determine the impact of water gymnastics nervous system and internal organs of those involved.

3. Determining the effect of exercises with water gymnastics in pregnant women.

https://abritvs.com/

http://www.spadesign.bg/



Achieving the main goal by solving the individual tasks in this study is to prove the positive role of

gymnastic exercises in the aquatic environment, taking into account the individual peculiarities of

different organisms and their needs. This would enrich the development of the 'Spa' industry globally,

and would also enhance the quality of tourism, which is of national importance for each country.

METHODS

1. Review of literary sources (web space) on the problem.

2. Survey of the 40 participants in activities with water gymnastics in the age range 25-35 years.

3. Analysis of the results obtained.

RESULTS

Literary sources are reporting that training in water is several times more efficient than any other

exercise and this is due to the properties of water. Experts believe exercises in water can perform

absolutely all people and even those who cannot swim regardless of years, weight or height

(http://otgovoru.com). Themselves respondents say they do not get tired and fail to make gymnastics a

long time. In addition, after exercising with water exercises they feel their skin more toned and tight, and

some pregnant women think that this is the main reason for the lack of stretch marks. Surveyors also

attach importance to the fact that expensive equipment is not needed, but only the presence of large

amounts of water, a comfortable bathing suit and the desire for improvement.

In many weight loss programs for affected water sports, precisely because of their weakening effect.

Water training is recommended for overweight people who are unable to exercise dry because of

excessive workloads on the heart and joints (http://www.vodna-aerobika.com). At the same time in

gymnastics in water, twice as many calories burn as

compared to aerobics in a hall. All participants in the

study firmly stated that despite the duration and number

of exercises, there was no overheating, sweating, and

congestion, but reduced the centimeters of the waist

and thighs. According to experts aerobic exercises in

water provide a pleasant and relaxing effect and

workout for the whole body. They also develop aerobic

power (http://www.interpolezno.com).

Fig. 1: Water Gymnastics for Overweight People (http://vitasportmedika.com)

Among the participants in the experiment were in those people suffering from arthritis and other

health problems. When asked how they felt the impact of water gymnastics, their answer was that,

compared to traditional exercises on and on the ground, exercises in water help relieve soreness in

vulnerable places.

Water gymnastics (aerobics, calanetics, etc.) can be practiced after surgery, sprains and other

injuries. It is suitable for spinal distortion. During exercise water massage the whole body and eliminates

back pain. It alleviates varicose veins and improves their condition. The pressure that water has on

peripheral blood vessels is unrelated to the repair of the enlarged veins as well as to prophylaxis. In the

case of patients who have undergone surgical treatment, aqua sports can help maintain the tone of the

peripheral blood vessels (https://sport.framar.bg).

http://www.vodna-aerobika.com/

http://www.interpolezno.com/

http://vitasportmedika.com/



Motion and rehabilitation in water are also recommended for patients who have a knee or hip joint. .

Because it is a therapeutic exercise high intensity - it all health effects can be combined with a

significant reduction in weight. The reason is that due to water resistance, movements in the pool are

slower and smoother, but more energy is consumed (https://sport.framar.bg).

In a question asked about the lifestyle of the investigated and caused discomfort from it in a healthy

way, some people commented that because of their immobile way of life and sitting in front of the

computer or in an inconvenient posture they often suffer from mild conception in the lower extremities

and water gymnastics has turned out to be very special useful in the fight against annoying cramps.

Respondents shared that they adore water activities, especially because it is a great way to improve

their mood and tonify their whole body. The results of the surveys have also made it clear that there is

no strong tension on the bones, joints, and muscles, and the water

gives them some natural resistance.

Aquatic activities can undoubtedly be useful during pregnancy.

Movements in the water are done much more freely, much more

smoothly, because the body feels lighter. Exercises are of great

importance for the whole blood circulation in the body, and this, in

turn,contributes to better fetal nutrition explains Stefka Vladova,

physiotherapist (https://sport.framar.bg).

Fig. 2: Water gymnastics for pregnant women (http://dete.bg)

The conclusion we can make as a result of the information from the internet and the respondents is

that a universal recipe for how to exercise in the water (what exercises to do) and that it will not be

pleasant. For most of the participants in the questionnaire 40 minutes water gymnastics suffice for

tightening the body and relaxation of mind. Water exercises are a panacea for dealing with stress, and

the reason is probably the fact that a higher pressure requires deeper breathing.

It is no more important than health, and when it is combined with pleasant emotions, beauty

and lessening the stress of everyday life, it is invaluable.

DISCUSSION

Disagreements and contradictions between respondents and the information used on the most

popular Internet sites on this subject are out of the question. Probably the reason for this is the overall

positive impact of water gymnastics, and the study did not pay attention to the details and individual

parameters of developing motor skills during the practice of water activities. The present work clearly

focuses on the effectiveness of gymnastic exercises performed in water and is the basis and motivation

for more in-depth and scientifically-validated experiments and even the creation of water gymnastics

methodology for individual age groups.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Special acknowledgments are given to the surveyed individuals participating in the survey aged 25-

35 years. They were selected by gender, each included 20 pieces and dealing with water gymnastics

two times a week, mostly about a year and some 2-3 years. Respondents answered strictly and

specifically to the questions, which were 12 in number, including age, work, health and issues related to

the specificity of the subject. The participants in the experiment with satisfaction and without hesitation

confirmed that they would continue their water gymnastics exercises and would participate in new in-

depth research.

https://sport.framar.bg/


http://dete.bg/



REFERENCES: 1. Dimitrova, B. (2009). [Димитрова, Б.] SPA култура и аква практики. Учебник за ОКС „Магистът“. [SPA culture and

aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима. 2. Dimitrova, B. (2011). [Димитрова, Б.] Спортна анимация и забавноразвлекателни програми. Учебник за ОКС

«Бакалавър» и «Магистър». Изд. Авангард Прима, С., с.57, абз. 2. (Sports animation and fun entertainment programs. Textbook degree "Bachelor" and "Master". Avanguard Publishing, p.57, ABI. 2, S.). ISBN 978-954-323-914-6

3. Dimitrova, B. (2012). [Димитрова, Б.] Аква практики [Aqua practices. In Bulgarian.] София: Издателство Авангард Прима.

4. Dimitrova, B. (2014). The enotherapy as an effective financial instrument for the wine tourism. International Scientific Conference for Tourism “SPA and wine”- part of the Culture corridor – cultural routes. Proceedings (p. 55-61). Blagoevgrad. Faculty of Economy, Tourism department. SW University.

5. Doncheva L., Leyla (2016). Dimitrova Innovative Way of Teaching English in Class and Its Influence on Pupils’ Level of Concentration. V Congreso de Internacional de Competencias Básicas (13-15 de abril 2016): la competencia en comunicación lingüística, Ciudad Real, p. 21.

Web: 1. https://abritvs.com (2017) 2. http://dete.bg (2017) 3. http://otgovoru.com (2017) 4. https://sport.framar.bg (2017) 5. http://vitasportmedika.com (2017) 6. http://www.interpolezno.com (2017) 7. http://www.spadesign.bg (2017) 8. http://www.vodna-aerobika.com (2017)

Correspondence: Vessela Ivanova, Ph.D. Phone number: +359 897 593988 Email: [email protected]

https://abritvs.com/

http://dete.bg/

http://otgovoru.com/


http://vitasportmedika.com/

http://www.interpolezno.com/vodna-aerobika-uprazhneniyata-za-otslabvane/

http://www.spadesign.bg/

http://www.vodna-aerobika.com/



THE NOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FORMATION OF THE PREFIXAL AND ONOMASIOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF PARTITIVENESS

Migorian Olga,

Chernivtsi National University named after Yu. Fedckovych,

Assistant Professor, Doctor of Philosophy, the Faculty of Foreign Languages

Key words: diachrony, onomasiology, word-formation, substantive derivatives, prefixes,

lexicosemantic groups, category of Partitiveness.

INTRODUCTION

Over the past half century the study of word-formation issue carried out so intensively, that

nowadays we can state that there are a number of approaches and its comprehensive study in

diachrony and synchrony. Some linguists studied the word-formation issue in the frame of etymology L.

S. Vyhotskyi (2006), N. D. Holev (1989), Yu. A. Zatsnyi (1999), M. M. Poliuzhyn (1992), O. Jesperson

(1954) others investigated the problems of derivation in the context of grammar, taking guidance to the

structural analysis N. A. Antropova (2006), N. D. Ariutiunova (2007), A. V. Bondarko (2001), V. P.

Danylenko (2007), J. D. MacColy (1981), D. Biber (2000), R. W. Langcker (2001). Representatives of

lexical approach described mainly semantic interrelation between lexical units and different structures: I.

K. Arkhipov (1984), Z. Valiukh (2011), V. H. Hak (1980), V. I. Zabotkina (1989), E. S. Kubriakova

(2008), V. V. Levytskyi (2006), O. D. Ohuy (2003), O. O. Selivanova (2008), L. Bauer (1983), D.

Kronenfeld (2003). The main task of historical and onomasiological investigation, underlain this paper,

is to reveal the nature of the semantic structure of a notion; to observe the main tendencies of the

historical development of prefixal derivation in English, changes of its notional limits and the basic body

from era to era.

METHODS

The objective of the article is to describe the development of the notional characteristics of substantive

prefixal derivatives that functioned within the frame of the onomasiological category of Partitiveness

during four periods of the English language development. To achieve the objective the following tasks

should be done:

to single out lexicosemantic groups (hereafter LSG) of substantive bases taking part

proximately in the formation of the prefixal onomasiological category of Partitiveness;

to define the changes in the inventory of prefixes combining with every LSG of substantive

derivatives within the frame of the onomasiological category of Partitiveness during four periods

of the English language development;

to observe the development of notional peculiarities of compatibility of substantive bases LSG

and prefixes of onomasiological category of Partitiveness.

The object of the investigation is 11 000 prefixal derivatives, of which 141 lexical units represent

the onomasiological category of Partitiveness during four periods of the English language development.

The subject of the article is structural, notional and nominative peculiarities of substantive prefixal

derivatives taking part in the formation of the prefixal onomasiological category of Partitiveness

(hereafter OCP) during all lexicalized periods of the English language development.



RESULTS

Identification of common peculiarities and differences of the units word-building ability of different

lexical and grammatical classes and within them different lexical and semantic groups gives us the

possibility to differentiate all words of English during four periods of its development, according to its

word-formative capability, to observe common features in separate elementary phenomena, to create

order among chaos ( Antruchina [Антрушина],1985). Because of it modern researches of derivation

are challenged to reveal and describe those peculiarities of derivative bases, which make possible or

impossible the process of word-formation of their derivatives. Let us proceed to the description of the

notional characteristics of LSG development in the OCP formation. To analyze this issue the semantic

peculiarities of dynamics of LSG combinability with the prefixes of this category were studied.

According to the results of the investigation OCP is formed by LSG, derivational potential of which

underwent significant realization: N 3 (e.n.e. 12 units, n.e. 17 units), N 5 ( m.e. 2 units, e.n.e. 7 units,

n.e. 10 units), N 12 (m.e. 1 unit, e.n.e. 5 units, n.e. 7 units), N 13 (m.e. 2 units, e.n.e. 9 units, n.e. 9

units). LSG N 3 has taken part in the OCP formation in combination with prefixes hemi-, hypo-, semi-,

sub- since the Early New English period. For example, hemi-circle – e.n.e. a half circle, semicircle

from hemi- “half” + circle, hyp-hen – e.n.en. short dash used to connect two words or separate one

from hypo- “under” + hen “as one”; semi-circle – e.n.e. a half circle from semi- “half” + circle; sub-

multiple – e.n.e. as being contained in it seven times exactly from sub- “under” + multiple “a number

that you can divide by a smaller number an exact number of times”.

Due to various and comprehensive analysis of compatibility of definite bases with definite affixes

we can define the factors upon which notional structure depends (Lytvinov [Литвинов], 2007). That’s

why according to O.C Kubriakova’s definition, we observe notional structure as full information that

notional structure can convey. As there is impact of a basis and an affix to each other, semantic shift

occurs within a derivative.

DISCUSSION

But we should say that semantic shift is more noticeable in suffixal derivatives and semantics of

prefixal derivatives is strictly formed according the formula pref+R (where ргеf is a prefix, and R is a

basis), because prefix meaning is concrete (Kubriakova [Кубрякова], 2009).

To classify substantive bases, according to P.P. Litvinov, such LSG were singled out as of [4]: N

1 . environment and geography, N 2 . weather and natural calamity, N 3 . geometry and size, N 4 .

time, N 5 . subjects and substance, N 6 . representatives of plants and animals, N 7 . human being, N

8 . houses and buildings, N 9 . clothes, N 10 . nourishment, N 11 . emotions, N 12 . intellect, N 13 .

culture and science, N 14 . actions, N 15 . movement and transport, N 16 . communication, N17 .

social enti-ties and phenomena, N 18 . diseases and their treatment, N19 . physical state.

The ability of linguistic units to convey proportion whole-part with the help of linguistic tools is

called partitiveness, a relatively new term in the linguistic literature (Lytvinov [Литвинов], 2007).

The number of LSG forming OCP during four periods of the English language development

increases. In the Old English language (hereafter o.e.) OCP was represented by four out of nineteen

singled out LSG of substantive bases of: environment and geography, time, movement and transport,

in the Middle English language (hereafter m.e.) its inventory was enriched by LSG of: subjects and

substance, houses and buildings, clothes, intellect, culture and science, in the Early New English

language it was supplemented by LSG of: geometry and size, representatives of plants and animals,

human being, emotions, actions. In the Middle English period LSG of substantive bases of: time,



movement and transport ceased to represent this category.

In the Middle English period LSG N 5 combined with prefixes contra-і demi-e.g.: contra-partie –

m.e. duplicate of a legal document from contra- “with, together”+ partie “a copy of a person or thing”,

demi-lance – m.e. a lance with short shaft from demi- “half” + lance “ a very long thin pointed weapon

used in the past by soldiers on horses”, but in the Early New English period the prefix contra- was out

of use. LSG N 12 , N 13 , like the previous LSG, represented OCP since the Middle English period,

combining with the prefix semi-. For example, semi-conscience – m.e. semi-consciousness from semi-

“half” + conscience “innermost thoughts”, semi- God – m.e semi-God from semi- “half” + God. In the

Early New English period N12 enriched the inventory of the OCP prefixes with the help of such lexical

units as hypo- and sub-, that displaced semi-. For example, hypo-thesis – e.n.e. base, groundwork,

foundation from hypo- “under” + thesis “a placing, proposition”, subcategory – e.n.e. subcategory

from sub- “under” + category “name, class”; N 13 supplemented its inventory of prefixes with the help

of hemi- and sub-. For example: hemi-cycle – e.n.e. a half round from hemi- “half” + cycle “circular

motion”, sub-order– e.n.e. sub-order in biology; in architecture from sub- “under” + order “row, rank,

series”.

Other LSG can be characterized as those, the derivational potential of which was realized in low

degree or in no way: N 1 (o.e. 2 units, m.e. 2 units, e.n.e. 4 units, n.e. 6 units), N 4 (o.e. 3 units), N 6

(e.n.e. 2 units, n.e. 2 units), N 7 (e.n.e. 5 units, n.e. 8 units), N 8 (m.e. 1 unit, e.n.e. 2 units, n.e. 5

units), N 9 ( m.e. 3 units, e.n.e. 3 units, n.e. 5 units), N 11 (e.n.e. 1 unit, n.e. 1 unit), N 14 (e.n.e. 2

units, n.e. 2 units), N15 (o.e. 1 unit).

LSG N1 formed OCP since the Old English period, but its derivational potential underwent slight

enlargement, as on every stage of the English language development, it combines with few number of

prefixes. So, N 1 represented OCP in the old English and Middle English periods with the help of the

prefix mið- (mid-, meta-) e.g. mid-stream – o.e. midstream from mid- “middle” + stream “a course of

water”, mi-d-air – m.e. the part of the air between the clouds and the air near the ground from mid-

“middle” + air “atmosphere”, which was displaced by demi- and hemi- in the Early New English period.

Here are the examples: demi-monde – e.n.e. half-world from demi- “half” + monde “world”, hemi-shere

– e.n.e. the half of a globe from hemi- “half” + sphere “a globe”.

LSG N 8 , N 9 have taken part in the formation of OCP since the Middle English period and are

characterized as those, which derivational potential didin’t under-go enlargement. LSG N 8 and N 9

have been representing OCP with the help of the prefix demi- during last three periods of the English

language development. For example: demi-vill – m.e., e.n.e. a half town from demi- “half” + vill “ town”,

demi- bastion – n.e. a work of the form of half a bastion, having one face and one flank from demi-

“half” + bastion “fortress, tower”, demi-robe – m.e., e.n.e. a short garment from demi- “half” + robe

“long, loose outer garment”, demi-suit – n.e. a short suit from demi- “half” + suit “set of matching

garments”.

LSG N 4 and N 15 formed OCP in the Old English period, but in the Middle English period its

derivatives were out of use and we didn’t observe them any more. So, N 4 combined with mid- e.g.

mid-sumor – o.e. midsummer from mid- “middle” + sumor “summer”, N 15 – з mid- (meta-) e.g. mid-

weg – o.e. midway from mid- “middle” + weg “ course of travel”. LSG N 6 , N 7 , N 11 , N 14 have

been the components of OCP since the Early New English period. So, N 6 and N11 conjoined with the

pefix demi- e.g. demi-lion – e.n.e a half-lion from demi- “half” + lion, demi-relief – e.n.e. half-relief from

demi-“half” + relief “alleviation of distress”, N 7 with demi-, semi-, sub- e.g. demi-human – e.n.e. a half-

human from demi- “half” + human “a human being” semi-barbarian – e.n.e. one who is half-barbarian



from semi- “half” + barbarian “uncivilized or rude nature”, sub-deacon – e.n.e. in the Romish church

the deacon's servant from sub- “under” + deacon, N 14 with sub- e.g. sub-division – e.n.e. division into

smaller parts from sub- “under” + division.

CONCLUSIONS

Results of our derivational and onomasiological study of OCP give us reasons to make such

generalizations as:

3. LSG, inventory of which was enriched, is characterized by the ways of combinability according to

the following chronology:

a) The beginning of combination with prefixes in the Middle English period and the continuation of

the process of substantive derivatives till nowadays. The LSG characterized by such features is LSG

of N 13 with the prefix semi-;

b) The beginning of combination with prefixes in the Early New English period and the continuation

of this process till nowadays. The LSG characterized by such features are LSG of: LSG N 3 with

such prefixes as hemi-, hypo-, semi-, sub-; N 12 with hypo-, sub- ; N 13 with hemi-, sub-;

c) The compatibility with prefixes only in the Middle English period. The LSG characterized by such

features is LSG of N 12 with the prefix semi-.

4. LSG, that did not become fully developed, are characterized by the ways of compatibility

according to the following chronology:

a) The beginning of combination with prefixes in the Middle English period and the continuation of

this process till nowadays. The LSG characterized by such features are LSG of N 5 , N 8 , N 9 with

the prefix demi-;

b) The beginning of combination with prefixes in the Early New English period and the continuation

of this process till nowadays. The LSG characterized by such features are LSG of: N 1 with the

prefixes demi-, hemi-; N 6 , N 11 with demi-; N7 with demi-, semi-, sub; N 14 with sub-;

c) The compatibility with prefixes only in the Old English period. The LSG characterized by such

features are LSG of N 4 ; N15 with the prefix mid- (meta-);

d) The compatibility with prefixes only in the Middle English period. The LSG characterized by such

features is LSG of N 5 with the prefix contra-.

e) The compatibility with prefixes in the Old English and the Middle English periods, substantive

derivatives of which grew out in use in the Early New English period. The LSG characterized by such

features is LSG of N 1 with the prefix mid-(meta).

The prospect for our further study is the investigation of the role of adjective and adverbial

derivatives in the formation of the prefixal and onomasiological category of Partitiveness.

1. LSG, that formed OCP during four periods of the English language development, varied. Their

number increased, but not all LSG represent OCP, only 13 out of 19 differentiated LSG.

2. OCP is represented by LSG, the derivational potential of which is enriched:

N 3 , N 5 , N 12 , N 13 ; and LSG, derivational potential of which is realized in low degree or in no

way: N 1 , N 4 , N 6 , N 7 , N 8 , N 9 , N 11 , N 14 , N 15 .



REFERENCES 1. Anthusina G. B. (1985). [Антрушина Г. Б.] Lexicology английского языка: Book. The tool for the cold

dental paw. in-toe. Moscow, [Лексикология английского языка: учеб. пособие для студентов пед. ин-

тов. Москва,] p. 201.

2. Kubryakova, E. (2009). Types of language meanings: Semantics of the derived word.

Moscow. [Типы языковых значений: Семантика производствен речник. Москва,] p.208.

3. Language and reality (2007): Collection of scientific works in memory of V. G. Gak.

Moscow. [Язык и действительность: Сборник научных трудов памяти В.Г. Гака. Москва] p. 98.

4. Litvinov Pp (2007). English-Russian and Russian-English Synonyms. Moscow . [Литвинов П. П. (2007).

Англо-русский и русско-английский синонимический словарь.Москва] p. 379.

Contacts:

Olga Migorian, Phd Faculty of Foreign Languages

Chernivtsi National University named after Yu. Fedckovych, E-mail: [email protected]



New Books on the field

STANEVA, K. (2013). Prerequisites for Sustainability Management of Balneological and SPA tourism in Bulgaria. (In Bulgarian language). ISBN 978-619-160-203-2, Ed. Avangard Prime. Sofia.

STANEVA, K. (2013). Introduction in SPA and Balneological Tourism. (In Bulgarian language). ISBN 978-619-160-202-5. Ed. Avangard Prime. Sofia



STANEVA, K. (2017). Introduction of Health Touris, Balneological, Wellness and SPA tourism. (In Bulgarian language). ISBN 978-619-160-844-7. Ed. Avangard Prime. Sofia. The idea of sustainable development of health

tourism in Bulgaria in relation to improving the

quality of life is associated with environmental

conditions, ergonomics risk analysis,

electromagnetic certification and professional

qualification of staff. The focus of SPA and

Wellness Managers have to relate with

certification systems in all level , which

guarantees the achievement of positive results

in two main areas- financial and marketing in

the long term.

STANEVA, K. (2017). Management of recreation tourism in Trojan Municipality. (In Bulgarian language). ISBN 978-619-160-841-6. Ed. Avangard Prime. Sofia. The combination of free spring’s flow and

specific climate conditions is a big advantage

for development of high specialized tourism as

medical SPA and Forest Recreation Tourism.

The unique forest conditions were described

for the first time in the monography. The main

Wellbeing rules for holistic effect of treatment

were described and on the base of the

assessment of the medical SPA and SPA

network and the market of these services in the

Municipality, a new management concept was

presented. The core of model is finding a good

balance between interior, unique environment,

highly qualified personnel, quality of services and innovation products as Wellment and

Geomedical tourism, will contribute to become Wellness and SPA tourism in successful

business today. The necessity of certifying the medical SPA and SPA services and introducing

the quality management system (QMS) and the health risk assessment system (HSE) is

outlined with the view of promoting the specialized tourism product on the international market.



EDITOR IN CHIEF:

Prof. Bistra Dimitrova, D.Sc. (Bulgaria)

Online Scientific Journal

Biannual edition

Editor “BCHWST”

Language: English

Scientific field: Recreative Industry & Wellness Science

Thematic field: Smart Innovations

Applied field: Niche tourism

Design: Eleonore Tchakarova & Verginie Tchakarova

Bulgaria, Sofia, 2019

Issue 1

ISSN: 2603-4921