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International Peace-keeping Organizations
April 2013
The League of Nations 1920-1945
Called for by President Woodrow Wilson in 1917
Formed at the end of World War I Based in Geneva, Switzerland
The League of Nations
First members joined in 1920 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Persia, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Siam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia
Who do you notice is missing?
The League of Nations 1920-1945
Structure An Assembly of all members A Council, made up of five permanent members and four
rotating members An International Court of Justice
Conflict Resolution The League could call on the countries in dispute to sit down
and discuss the problem in an orderly & peaceful manner. This would be done in the League’s Assembly (essentially the
League’s parliament) which would listen to disputes and come to a decision on how to proceed.
If one nation was seen to be the offender, the League could introduce verbal sanctions - warning an aggressor nation that she would need to leave another nation's territory or face the consequences.
If the states in dispute failed to listen to the Assembly’s decision, the League could introduce economic sanctions.
If this failed, the League could introduce physical sanctions.
The League of Nations 1920-1945
Problems Lack of financial support Inability to enforce decisions Uninvolved Nations Military actions by member nations
Successes Humanitarian support Health & Disease Concerns
The United Nations 1945 - Present
Began with the Atlantic Charter in 1941 All countries should have a democratic
government. All countries would engage in trade
freely with one another. All countries would share in world
prosperity. All countries would seek to reduce their
weaponry.
The United Nations
United Nations Declaration in 1942 Britain, U.S., Soviet Russia & China were four
of the twenty-six nations who signed the Atlantic Charter
Voting Arrangements agreed upon by Churchill, Roosevelt & Stalin in Yalta in 1945
The U.N. Charter was decided in San Francisco in April 1945
June 25, 1945 – Member nations signed the Charter and the United Nations was established
The U.N. Structure
General Assembly Security Council
Five permanent members (U.S., Russia, Great Britain, China & France)
Six appointed members Economic & Social Council International Court of Justice
Fifteen members Secretariat
Secretary General Administrative Staff
U.N. Successes & Failures
The Korean War 1950-1953 Congo Crisis 1960-1964 American/Security Council Dominance Power Blocs within the General Assembly
The Developing Nations (125 states) The Non-Aligned Movement (99 states - mostly
Asian and African who avoid joining military alliances)
The Islamic Conference (41 states) The African group (50 states) The Latin American group (33 states) The Western European group (22 states) The Arab group (21 states)
Public Health Improvement