International Migration of People: problems and ways of regulation.

The Plan:

• The notion and definition of international movement of people

• The classification of international people migration

• Geographical aspects and problems of international migration

• International Labor Organization• The positive and negative aspects of

emigration for Tajikistan• Migration in the modern world

• International migration is when peoples cross state boundaries and stay in the host state for some minimum length of time. Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad.

Migration Map

What is the migration?

• Migration (human) is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up permanent or semi permanent residence, usually across a political boundary.

• An example of "semi permanent residence" would be the seasonal movements of migrant farm laborers. People can either choose to move ("voluntary migration") or be forced to move ("involuntary migration").

Classification

• Migration occurs at a variety of scales: intercontinental (between continents), intra continental (between countries on a given continent), and interregional (within countries).

• One of the most significant migration patterns has been rural to urban migration—the movement of people from the countryside to cities in search of opportunities.

• Internal Migration: Moving to a new home within a state, country, or continent.

• External Migration: Moving to a new home in a different state, country, or continent.

• Emigration: Leaving one country to move to another

• Immigration: Moving into a new country • Population Transfer: When a government forces

a large group of people out of a region, usually based on ethnicity or religion. This is also known as an involuntary or forced migration.

• Impelled Migration (also called "reluctant" or "imposed" migration): Individuals are not forced out of their country, but leave because of unfavorable situations such as warfare, political problems, or religious persecution.

• Step Migration: A series of shorter, less extreme migrations from a person's place of origin to final destination—such as moving from a farm, to a village, to a town, and finally to a city.

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• Chain Migration: A series of migrations within a family or defined group of people. A chain migration often begins with one family member who sends money to bring other family members to the new location. Chain migration results in migration fields—the clustering of people from a specific region into certain neighborhoods or small towns.

• Return Migration: The voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin.

• This is also known as circular migration.

• Seasonal Migration: The process of moving for a period of time in response to labor or climate conditions (e.g., farm workers following crop harvests or working in cities off-season;

ILO

• 1919 was adopted, headquarter in Geneva. • The International Labor Organization (ILO) is

the author of ILO conventions on working conditions, maternity protection, discrimination, freedom to organize, social security, child labor and much more.

• The ILO, which works under the motto of ‘Promoting jobs, protecting people’, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

• The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour standards and decent work for all. 185 of the 193 UN member states are members of the ILO.

Emigration of Tajikistan

• Labor migration from Tajikistan has grown rapidly in recent years with an estimated 600,000 workers having left, mostly for seasonal work in the Russian Federation and other countries. Although the majority of these migrants leave through their own informal networks, a range of intermediaries that provide services to migrants in search of employment abroad have emerged. Some of them are legally registered Private Employment Agencies (PrEAs), others operate on a semi-legal or illegal basis.

Modern Migration

• Where will humans migrate to next? Some suggest it is inevitable that we will someday colonize space. There are many reasons people have looked to space as the migration destination. There are resources to be exploited. There is space for people to live, increasingly an issue as the world population grows. For some, survival of the race is the imperative -- if an asteroid or nuclear war wiped out life on Earth, space colonies could carry on our culture and very existence. Some may be motivated like the Pilgrims to make a new start and create a nation that conforms to their vision of a perfect world.