INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

JOSJOSÉÉ ANTONIO OCAMPOANTONIO OCAMPOUNDERUNDER--SECRETARYSECRETARY--GENERALGENERAL

DESADESA

UNITED NATIONSUNITED NATIONS

International migration is a key component of the globalization process

International migration is a positive force for development, both in countries of origin and in countries of destination

It is possible and advisable to strengthen international cooperation on international migration

THREE THREE CENTRALCENTRAL MESSAGES OF MESSAGES OF THE REPORT OF THE THE REPORT OF THE

SECRETARYSECRETARY--GENERALGENERAL

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IS A INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IS A KEY COMPONENT OF THE KEY COMPONENT OF THE

GLOBALIZATION PROCESSGLOBALIZATION PROCESS

48525252

6565

8383

8787

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

NetherlandsFrance

USAAngola

PortugalPoland

AustraliaGhana

ArgentinaBrazil

Cote d'Ivoire

Percentage

PERCENTAGE OF PLAYERS FROM NATIONAL PERCENTAGE OF PLAYERS FROM NATIONAL TEAMS WHO NORMALLY PLAY IN OTHER TEAMS WHO NORMALLY PLAY IN OTHER

COUNTRIES COUNTRIES ((““KICKERKICKER DRAINDRAIN””))

9

9

9

9

13

13

17

26

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Portugal

Spain

Mexico

Italy

Cote d'Ivoire

Australia

Germany

France

Percentage

PERCENTAGE OF PLAYERS FROM NATIONAL PERCENTAGE OF PLAYERS FROM NATIONAL TEAMS WHO ARE FOREIGNTEAMS WHO ARE FOREIGN--BORNBORN

((““IMPORT OF NEEDED SKILLSIMPORT OF NEEDED SKILLS””))

Since the late 1980s: migration has been rising rapidly…

…but there is a freer flow of goods and capital than of persons

Barriers to the movement of low-skilled workers persist

WE ARE IN A NEW MIGRATION WE ARE IN A NEW MIGRATION ERAERA

61

53

14

62

North-SouthNorth-NorthSouth-SouthSouth-North

THE NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS THE NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS IS ALMOST EQUALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE IS ALMOST EQUALLY DIVIDED INTO THREE

TYPES TYPES ((Cumulated migrant stock Cumulated migrant stock ---- Millions of personsMillions of persons))

2.0%

2.9% 3.0%

0.2%

2.6%

0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

1960

-19

75

1975

-19

90

1990

-20

05

More developed regions without the former USSRLess developed regions

MIGRATION TO INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES IS MIGRATION TO INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES IS MORE STEADY THAN THAT TO DEVELOPING MORE STEADY THAN THAT TO DEVELOPING

COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES((Rate of growth of the migrant stockRate of growth of the migrant stock))

MIGRANTS CONSTITUTE HIGH PROPORTIONS MIGRANTS CONSTITUTE HIGH PROPORTIONS OF THE POPULATION IN FEW COUNTRIES OF THE POPULATION IN FEW COUNTRIES (MIGRANTS AS PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION, 2005)(MIGRANTS AS PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION, 2005)

Migration policies have become somewhat less restrictive

There is great diversity of policy stances

Some countries allow permanent migration selected on the basis of skills or family tiesMany allow temporary admission often under work permits

There is growing preference for temporary migration schemes

MIGRATION POLICIESMIGRATION POLICIES

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES HAVE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION POLICIES HAVE BECOME SOMEWHAT LESS RESTRICTIVEBECOME SOMEWHAT LESS RESTRICTIVE

((PercentagePercentage ofof countriescountries))

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 2001 2003 2005

ReduceMaintainNo interventionIncrease

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IS A INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IS A POSITIVE FORCE FOR POSITIVE FORCE FOR

DEVELOPMENT, BOTH IN DEVELOPMENT, BOTH IN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN AND IN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN AND IN COUNTRIES OF DESTINATIONCOUNTRIES OF DESTINATION

There are some adverse but small effects on low-skilled workers Most migrants complement local workers and therefore contribute to economic growthGrowing educational levels and population ageing increase the positive effects of migrationMigration has additional positive effects on economic growth: entrepreneurship, diverse supply of services, etc.Main drawbacks: achieving the mutual adaptation of migrants and host societies is not easy…… and irregular migration is not desirable

FOR COUNTRIES OF DESTINATIONFOR COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION

Projected population aged 15-64 with and without migration (medium variant)

500

600

700

800

900

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Mill

ions

With migration Without migration

WITHOUT MIGRATION, THE LABOUR FORCE WITHOUT MIGRATION, THE LABOUR FORCE WOULD DECLINE DRASTICALLY IN WOULD DECLINE DRASTICALLY IN

DEVELOPED COUNTRIESDEVELOPED COUNTRIES

100

Projections of population aged 15-64 with and without international migration (medium variant)

102030405060

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Mill

ions

With migration Without migration

IN SOME COUNTRIES, THIS EFFECT WOULD IN SOME COUNTRIES, THIS EFFECT WOULD BE CATASTROPHIC: GERMANYBE CATASTROPHIC: GERMANY

10

International migrants are usually not among the poorest persons in communities o originThe development of migrant networks lower the risks of migration and may enable poorer persons to migrateRemittances increase family welfare but their macroeconomic effects are less clear-cutMany benefits stem from a close relation between communities of origin and migrant communities abroadReturn migration and circulation permit countries of origin to reap greater benefits from migrationMain costs: “brain drain”, which may not be necessarily compensated by higher incentives to acquire training in order to migrate

FOR COUNTRIES OF ORIGINFOR COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN

0

40

80

120

160

20019

90

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Bill

ions

of d

olla

rsREMITTANCES RECEIVED BY DEVELOPING REMITTANCES RECEIVED BY DEVELOPING

COUNTRIESCOUNTRIES

46 47

91

47

80

100

30

54

0102030405060708090

100O

CD

E

USA

Can

ada

EU-1

5

UK

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Aus

tralia

MIGRANTS WITH TERTIARY EDUCATION AS MIGRANTS WITH TERTIARY EDUCATION AS PERCENTAGE OF THE INCREASE IN ALL PERCENTAGE OF THE INCREASE IN ALL MIGRANTS AGED 25 OR OVER, 1990MIGRANTS AGED 25 OR OVER, 1990--20002000

IT IS POSSIBLE AND ADVISABLE IT IS POSSIBLE AND ADVISABLE TO STRENGTHEN TO STRENGTHEN

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

The outcome documents of United Nations conferences and summits

United Nations Conventions, with varying degree of coverage

International organizations / Global Migration Group

Global initiatives

Regional processes

Bilateral agreements

MODES OF INTERNATIONAL MODES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REGARDING COOPERATION REGARDING

MIGRATIONMIGRATION

45

19

34

97

89

143

143

0 50 100 150 200

ILO Convention on migrant workers

ILO Convention on migration inabusive conditions

International Convention on the rightsof all migrants

Protocol against trafficking in persons

Protocol against smuggling of persons

Convention on the status of refugees

Protocol on the status of refugees

Number of countries

STATUS OF RATIFICATION OF STATUS OF RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS RELATIVE TO INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS RELATIVE TO

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

Ensure the protection of the rights of all migrants and prevent their abuse or exploitationCo-development as the framework to realize the potential of migration as a force for development:

Leveraging the use of remittancesStrengthen ties with migrant communities

Global concerted approach to the formation of human capital

COMMON INTERESTS ON MIGRATION COMMON INTERESTS ON MIGRATION AND AN AGENDA FOR AND AN AGENDA FOR

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Mutual adaptation of migrants and host societiesTo combat racism and xenophobia in all their formsTo channel migration through regular streams on the basis of realistic policies to shape those flowsCombat crimes of trafficking and smugglingTo improve the information and evidence base.

COMMON INTERESTS ON MIGRATION COMMON INTERESTS ON MIGRATION AND AN AGENDA FOR AND AN AGENDA FOR

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

To consider all dimensions of the migration process

To promote coherence in terms of migration and development policies

It would have a consultative character, with voluntary participation of Member States and room for innovation

It would respect the right of sovereign States to shape their own migration policies

A CONSULTATIVE MIGRATION A CONSULTATIVE MIGRATION FORUM IN THE UNITED NATIONS FORUM IN THE UNITED NATIONS