INTERNATIONAL MARKET TRENDS IN SOLAR THERMAL … · Penetration Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) Solar thermal applications in industrial sector are increasing. Still

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INTERNATIONAL MARKET TRENDS IN SOLAR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar EnergySystems ISE

Dr. Wolfgang Kramer

Mexico-City, July 30th, 2019

www.ise.fraunhofer.de

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Global Solar Demand and Supply

Solar

Wind

Biomass

Geothermal

Hydro

annual world

energy demand

510 EJ

(~16 TW cont.)

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Solar Thermal Technologies

Domestic Hot Water Preparationand Space Heating

Solar Heat in Industrial Processes(SHIP)

Solare District HeatingSolar Thermal Cooling

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Solar Thermal Space Heating and DHW Preparation Components - Collectors

50-150°C

30-80°C

20-30°C

vacuum tube collector DHW and space heating

flat plate collectorDHW and space heating

polymer absorberheating of swimming pools

source: Wagner Solartechnik

source:Ritter XL

source: Roth Werke

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MarketsWorld Market Solar Thermal

source: Weiss et al., Solar Heat Worlwide, 2019

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MarketsWorld Market Solar Thermal (new installed 2017)


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MarketsMarkets by Regions 2017 (new installed)


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MarketsMarket by countries 2017 (new installed)


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MarketsMarket by countries 2018 (growth rates)


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MarketsMarkets by technologies (new installed in 2017)


World 2017

Europe 2017

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MarketsMarkets by technology (new glazed collectors 2017)


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MarketsAnnual Growth Rates of Installed Capacity


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MarketsTop Players Flat Plate Collectors produced in 2017

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MarketsTop Players Vacuum Tube Collectors produced in 2014

◼ Sunrain, China 5.4 mio m²

◼ Himin, China 2.0 mio m²

◼ Sunshore, China 1.0 mio m²

◼ Linuo Paradigma, China 0.83 mio m²

◼ BTE Solar, China 0.2 mio m²

◼ Supreme Solar, India 0.12 mio m²

◼ Frantor, Mexico 0.09 mio m²

◼ Sangle , China 0.08 mio m²

◼ Sudershan, India 0.06 mio m²

◼ V-Guard, India 0.06 mio m²

Data from: sun&wind energy, 10/2015

© Fraunhofer ISE

15 [1] http://solarheateurope.eu/project/wagner-co-solar-heat-europe-flat-collectors/

[2] http://www.cremur.com/renewables/solar-thermal/product/1529-evacuated-tube-collectors.html

[3] copyright Industrial Solar GmbH

[4] https://www.dlr.de/sf/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-11127/18797_read-43622/

Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesCollector Technologies

Types of solar collectors:

◼ Flat Plate FPC

◼ Evacuated Tube ETC

◼ Linear Fresnel LFC

◼ Parabolic Trough PTC

[1] [2]

[3] [4]

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Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesMarket, New installed 2017


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Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesMarket, In Operation 03/2019 by Applications


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Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesMarket, In Operation 03/2019 by Technology


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Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesMarket, In Operation 03/2019 by Countries


total number:741total thermal capacity: 567 MWth

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Existing Projects Examples of Stationary Technologies

[22] Arcon-Sunmark, 2015. http://arcon-sunmark.com/cases/codelco-minera-gaby-chile

[23] http://ship-plants.info/solar-thermal-plants/140-jiangsu-printing-and-dyeing-china?collector_type=4&country=China

Textile Jiangsu Yitong,

ChinaEvacuated Tube

Aperture: 9,000 m2

Application: process pre-heating

Oper. Temp.: 50°C

Commissioning : 2011

© Sunrain Co. Ltd [23]

Copper mine “Gabriela Mistral”, ChileFlat Plate

Aperture: 43,920 m2

Application/End Use:

Process water and electrolyte heating

Oper. Temp.: 50°C


© Arcon-Sunmark [22]

[5]

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Existing Projects Examples of Tracking Technologies

[24] http://www.industrial-solar.de/content/en/referenzen/fresnel-kollektor/

[25] http://ship-plants.info/solar-thermal-plants/155-dairy-plant-el-indio-mexico?collector_type=5

Dairy El Indio,

MexicoParabolic Trough

Aperture: 132 m2

Application: Make-up water pre-heating

Oper. Temp.: 95°C


© Inventive Power S.A. de C.V. [25]

Services MTN Johanesburg, South

AfricaLinear Fresnel

Aperture: 396 m2

Application/End Use: Air conditioning

Oper. Temp.: 180°C


© Industrial Solar [24]

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◼ The largest SHIP project: 100MWth, 150000m²

[15] MIT, 2016. Technology Review, Arab Edition. http://technologyreview.me/en/energy/oman-explores-solar-powered-oil-recovery/

[16] https://www.glasspoint.com/

Miraah Solar EOR Pilot Project, Amal, Oman

Petroleum Development Oman

Parabolic Trough in greenhouse

[15]© Petroleum Development Oman.

[16]

[16]

© GlassPoint

© GlassPoint

Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesExisting Examples

http://technologyreview.me/en/energy/oman-explores-solar-powered-oil-recovery/

https://www.glasspoint.com/

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◼ Brewery Göss, Austria: 1064 kWth (1375 m²)

Source: AEE INTEC


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MarketsCost of Solarthermal Energy 1 EUR cent= 0.21 MXN

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◼ Learning Curve ST 18% is in line with PV 15,5%

◼ Problem insufficientmarket volume

Source: University of Kassel

learning rates for comaprison from Wikipedia:

Aeronautic 15% Shipbuilding 15-20%

Maschinery 15-25% Ford T-Modell 23%

ST - 18%

PV -15,5%

MarketsCost Reduction of Solarthermal Energy

Accumulated thermal power in GW global for PV, EU for ST

Sp

ecifiq

ue

Syste

m C

ost

in E

UR

/kW

(2

01

5)

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ST Technology, Market and TrendsConclusions

◼ ST in buildings is a mature Technology

◼ Thermosiphon accounts for 90% of the world market

◼ Predominant application/technology: solar water heating/ thermosiphon, flat plate, vacuum tube

◼ Flat plate and Vacuum tube technology is dominated by chineese companies

◼ Decreasing market since several years, but growth is coming back to some countries

◼ Large variation of generation costs 20 to 200 USD/MWh depending on solar radiation, application, load profile, storage, technology

◼ Continuous cost decrease expected

◼ Promising new applications: Solar Thermal Process Heat, Solar District Heating and PVT

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Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

[email protected]

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Solar Heat for Industrial ProcessesMarket New Installed


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◼ MTN Johannesburg, South Africa

◼ Geometrical features

◼ Length: modular in steps of 4 m

◼ Total width: 7.5 m

◼ Aperture width: 5.5 m

◼ Height: 4 m

◼ Weight: 27 kg/m²

◼ Peak power: 560 W/m²

◼ Max. temp. : 400 °C

MTN Johanesburg, South Africa

Aperture: 396 m2

Application/End Use: Air conditioning


© Industrial Solar


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◼ Copper mine “Gabriela Mistral”, Chile

◼ 39.300 m2 FPC

◼ Non pressurized waterstorage (4300 m3)

◼ 85-100% solar fraction

◼ electro winning of copper

◼ electrolyte kept at 50°C

◼ cleaning processes

Source: http://www.arcon.dk/


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Technologies Parabolic Trough

◼ Parabolic mirror focuses only direct sun-light onto an absorber tube

◼ Designed to track the sun along one axis oriented in the north-south or east-west direction.

◼ Reflecting surface normally a curved glass mirror or an aluminium sheet

◼ Water or thermal oil usually used as working fluid

◼ Receptor consists of an absorber tube of an area usually 25 to 35 times smaller than the aperture

Source: gef, UNEP, ome; Technical Study report on SHIP, State of the art in the Mediterranean region

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Technologies Linear Fresnel

◼ Many nearly flat mirror facets instead of one parabolic mirror

◼ Receiver/Absorber is above mirror rows, which track the sun

◼ High concentration ratio and temperatures up to 400°C

◼ Thermal capacity from 50 kW up to several MW.

◼ Easy to mount on flat roofs as a result of good weight distribution and low wind resistance.

◼ Water/steam or thermal oil usually used as working fluid

◼ High surface coverage

Source: Industrial Solar Gmbh

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Technologies Dish Technology

◼ Parabolic dish focuses only direct sun-light onto a central receiver (point focus)

Concentrator

Central receiver

Thermal load

Electric load+-

Tracker

◼ Designed to track the sun along two axis

◼ Potential to high (overheated steam) and very high temperatures (chemicalreactions, fusion ofmaterials, etc)

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Market BarriersLocal markets

◼ Local markets

◼ Technologies of components

◼ Technology of systems

◼ Normative Standards

◼ Cost Structures and levels

◼ Awarness of the customer

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Market BarriersStandards and Certification

◼ ISO 9806-1,2

◼ EN 12975-1,2

◼ EN 12976-1,2

◼ ASHRAE 93 1986

◼ AS/NZS 2712

◼ DIN EN 12977-3,4

◼ SolarKeymark

(DIN CERTCO for De und CERTIF for Pt)

◼ SRCC

(SRCC for USA)

StandardMark (SAI Global for Australia)

◼ and others

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Market BarriersReliability/Durability

◼ Proven brands

◼ Prove of performance and durability

◼ Technology acceptance

-10 . . .

-5

-5 ...

0

0 ... 5

5 ... 10

10 ... 1 5

15 ... 20

20 ... 25

25 ... 30

30 ... 35

35 ... 40

40 ... 45

45 ... 50

50 ... 55

55 ... 60

0

200

400

600

0 ... 1010 ... 20

20 ... 30

30 ... 40

40 ... 50

50 ... 60

60 ... 70

70 ... 80

80 ... 90

90 ... 100

RH [%]

T Klebefuge [°C]

h [a]

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Market BarriersCost Reduction

Competition with other renewables leads to the necesscity of price reduction

International Energy Agency (IEA)

Solar Heating and Cooling Program SHC

TASK 54 Price Reduction of Solarthermal Systems

◼ international joined project platform

◼ topics covered: materials, collector and system technology, production processes, in-direct cost, product complexity analysis tailor-made components with optimized durability

◼ http://task54.iea-shc.org

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Case Study Hotel Torviscas Canary Islands

Collector Fields - Impressions


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source: Viessmann source: Roth Werke

Collector Fields - Impressions

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Content Heat for Industrial Processes

◼ Heat for Industrial Processes

◼ Solar heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

◼ Sectors, Penetration, Potential, Technologies, Integration

◼ Concentrating Solar uses in SHIP

◼ SHIP framework

◼ Worldwide, In Mexico

◼ SHIP: examples

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Impact Heat for Industrial Processes

◼ Worldwide 45% of heat is used in Industry [1]

[1] Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 - Pathways to a Clean Energy System, Int. Energy Agency (2012)

Heat generation by region in various sectors (2009) [1]

Heat: 45% in industry

(14% final energy )

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Sectors & Processes Heat for Industrial Processes

◼ Heat is required at different temperature levels, whose distribution depends on the specific industrial sector [2]

[2] “ECOHEATCOOL – The European Heat Market”, EU IEE co-fund, http://www.euroheat.org/ (2006)

Heat consumption distribution by temperature level in different industrial sectors [2]

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Min

ing a

nd Quarry

ing

Food and T

obacco

Pulp &

pap

er

Chemic

al

Non-Meta

llic M

inera

ls

Basic M

etals

Mac

hinery

Transport

Equipm

ent

Oth

ers

Above 400°C

100 - 400°C

Below 100°C

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Sectors Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

◼ Suitable industrial processes

◼ Drying and dehydration (Concentration)

◼ Preheating (input or raw material)

◼ Pasteurization and Sterilization

◼ Washing and cleaning

◼ Chemical reactions

◼ Surface treatment

◼ Space heating

◼ Supply of hot water of steam

◼ Main industrial sectors

◼ Chemicals

◼ Food & Beverages

◼ Paper

◼ Fabricated metal

◼ Rubber & Plastic

◼ Machinery & Equipment

◼ Textiles

◼ Wood

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Penetration Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

◼ Solar thermal applications in industrial sector are increasing. Still < 1% installed solar thermal capacity

[3] W.Weiss, F. Mauthner, Solar Heat Worldwide - Market and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2011, Solar Heating and Cooling

Programme, International Energy Agency, 2013.

Distribution of total installed capacity (glazed water collectors) by application and economic region (end 2011) [3]

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Potential Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

◼ Its potential is recognized among Solar Heating and Cooling applications

[4] Technology Roadmap - Solar Heating and Cooling, International Energy Agency, 2012.

Roadmap vision for Solar Heating and Cooling [4]

7.2 EJ/a

8.9 EJ/a

1.5 EJ/a

0.4 EJ/a

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◼ Lower temperature levels are attainable in boiler pre-heating or process level integration layouts

Integration Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

Process level integration

Supply level integration: boiler

pre-heating

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◼ As steam is often used as heat carrier and industrial end-users are often reluctant on actions interfering with processes, supply level integration layouts are also possible through concentrating technologies

Integration Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP)

Conden-

sate

Solar thermal

System

Steam

Boiler

Feed Water

Feed Water

Tank 103°C

Make-up-

Water 30°C

Condensate

TankConcentrating-Collector

Circulation Pump

Process Steam 250 °C 36 barProcess Steam

Network

Integration

point

Evaporator

Supply level integration: Indirect

Steam Generation

Supply level integration: Direct

Steam Generation

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Technologies Concentrating Solar uses in SHIP

◼ Classification

TRL level* (in SHIP applications)

1. Basic principles

2. Tech. Concept

3. Exp. Proof

4. Lab. validation

5. Relev. Envir. Val.

6. Relev. Envir. demo

7. Oper. demo

8. System Qualif.

9. System operation

* Source: http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2014_2015/annexes/h2020-wp1415-annex-g-trl_en.pdf

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Markets and TrendsWorld Market Solarthermal

◼ Very Inhomogenous

◼ Technology

◼ Prices

◼ Importance of Solar Thermal

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Back-UP

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In Mexico SHIP framework

◼ Industrial energy consumption stands for 1.3 EJ (28% of total final energy, in 2009) [1]

◼ 54% in the five most energy-intensive sectors [7]:

◼ iron and steel, Cement, aluminum

◼ chemicals and petrochemicals, pulp and paper

◼ other important sectors [10]:

◼ Agriculture (4,2% GDP 2010)

◼ Automotive (33,3% GDP 2010)

◼ food and beverages, tobacco, mining, textiles, consumer durables

[1] Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 - Pathways to a Clean Energy System, Int. Energy Agency (2012)

[7] Mexico Industry Sectors, Economy Watch (2010) http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/mexico/industry-sector-

industries.html

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In Mexico SHIP framework

◼ Short (but not inexistent) track record [5]

◼ 6 operating plants

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationComponents - Collectors

Flat Plate Collector

absorber sheet

insulation

supply pipe

return pipe

glas cover

meander-tube


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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationComponents - Collectors

Direct Flow Vacuumtube collectorHeat transferpipe

Absorber

Vacuumtube

Supplypipe

Returnpipe

Insulation

source: Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co KG

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationComponents – Storage, Controller, Hydraulics

ControllerStorage and Hydraulics

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationSystems – Pumped DHW

Central Europe (4 person household):

◼ pumped system

◼ 4-6 m² collector area

◼ 300-400 l storage

◼ cost (Germany) approx. 4000-6000 EUR incl. inst.

◼ typical 50-60% solar fraction on DHW = 10-20% total heat demand

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationSystems – Combined Space Heating and DHW

◼ pumped system

◼ 10-20 m² collector area

◼ solar fraction 20-40 % of total heat demand

◼ 700-1500 l combi storage tank

◼ market share Germany approx. 50 %

◼ cost (Germany) approx.. 8.000-15.000 EUR incl. installation

E-57E-56

tank in tank storage

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationSystems – Combined Space Heating and DHW

storage with externalinstantaneous water heater

(fresh water station)

E-57E-56E-58E-59

storage with internal instantaneous water

heater

© Fraunhofer ISE

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Solarthermal Heating of Buildings and DHW PreparationSystems – Swimming Pool heating

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Collector

technology

Annual output

of a typical

factory

(thousand

m²/year)

Production cost

EUR/m²

Jobs per factory

(Jobs p.a.)

Energy

intensity

Industries Synergies

/ potential side-

markets

Co

llect

or

tech

no

logy

Flat Plate collector

(Europe)20-500 70

150-200 (at

50000m² p.a.)Medium Low

Vacuum tube

collector (China) 50-5000Low

SolarthermalData solar collector production

(estimations of Fraunhofer ISE)

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Markets and Prices/Cost

Spec

ific

colle

cto

rse

llin

gp

rice

Ger

man

y E

UR

/m²

Annual gross thermal yield kWh/m²a

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Markets and Prices/CostMarket Growth by Region 2014/2015


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Solar District HeatingDecentralized Integration of Solar Heat

Gas BoilerCHP

Building

Energy Generation

Solar District

Network

Solar Thermal Systems

National

Power Grid

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Biomass-

Combined Heat

and Power

Heat Pump

Thermal Solar

Field

35-40000m²

Wind

Power

Elect ricity

Heat

Seasonal

Storage

50-100000m³

Solar District HeatingIntegration of Heat and Power

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Solar District HeatingMarket, Number of Cumulated Installations

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System Integration ofSolar Heat, Wind Powerand Biomass

◼ Marstal, Denmark

◼ 33000 m² collector field

◼ 75000 m³ Storage Volume

◼ 23 MWth

◼ 1650 consumers

Foto nur, wenn Freigabe

vorliegt

Quelle: Marstal Fjernvarme/ Kjærgaard Larsen

Solar District HeatingExampels of Installations

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Decentralized Integration of Solar Heat

◼ Freiburg, Gutleutmatten

◼ 2000 m² collector field

◼ 200 m³ storage volume

◼ 40000 m² living surface

◼ 38 separate solar thermal installations

Solar District HeatingExampels of Installations

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Solar District HeatingMain Findings

◼ Strongly Growing niche market

◼ Long term economic view

◼ 75% of the world market in Denmark

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Solar Thermal Space Heating and DHW PreparationApplications

solar DHW10%- 20%

solar combi systems20%-40%

SolarActiveHouses: mainly solar heated50% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100%

solar fraction of total heat demand of the building

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Solar Thermal Space Heating and DHW Preparation Systems -Thermosiphon

Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, Latin America:

• Thermosiphon system

• 2-4 m² collector area (FPC or VTC)

• 80-150 l storage tank

• Cheap installation

• 90% of world wide new installed systems

Documents

INTERNATIONAL MARKET TRENDS IN SOLAR THERMAL … · Penetration Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) Solar thermal applications in industrial sector are increasing. Still