INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION E · SHIP/PORT INTERFACE Report of the Working Group on Ship/Port Interface ... Nautical Institute’s publication entitle “Tug Use in Ports

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For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly asked to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies.

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

IMO

E

FACILITATION COMMITTEE 30th session Agenda item 12

FAL 30/12

21 February 2002 Original: ENGLISH

SHIP/PORT INTERFACE

Report of the Working Group on Ship/Port Interface

SUMMARY

Executive summary:

The Committee, at its twenty-ninth session (7 to 11 January 2002), considered the report of the SPI Working Group on urgent matters (FAL 29/WP.2) including its work programme and took action as indicated in document FAL 29/18, paragraphs 12.24 to 12.29. This document provides the report of the SPI Working Group on the remaining items for consideration.

Action to be taken:

Paragraph 5

Related documents:

FAL 29/WP.2 and FAL 29/18

1 GENERAL Introduction 1.1 The Working Group on Ship/Port Interface met from 7 to 11 January 2002 under the chairmanship of Captain H. J. Roos (Germany). 1.2 The Working Group was attended by delegations from the following Member Governments:

BAHAMAS MALTA BRAZIL NETHERLANDS CANADA NORWAY CHINA PANAMA FINLAND POLAND France Portugal GHANA REPUBLIC OF KOREA GREECE SWEDEN GERMANY TUNISIA JAPAN UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES

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1.3 The session was also attended by a representative from the following United Nations Specialized Agency: INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATIONS (ILO); and the following non-governmental organizations in consultative status:

PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF NAVIGATION CONGRESS (PIANC) INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PORTS AND HARBORS (IAPH) INTERNATIONAL CARGO HANDLING CO-ORDINATION ASSOCIATION (ICHCA) INTERNATIONAL HARBOUR MASTER’S ASSOCIATION (IHMA) WORLD NUCLEAR TRANSPORT INSTITUTE (WNTI) INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SHIPMASTERS’ ASSOCIATION (IFSMA) INTERCARGO INTERNATIONAL BULK TERMINALS ASSOCIATION (IBTA)

1.4 A list of the participants is given in annex 1. 1.5 The Committee, having considered the matters relevant to the ship/port interface, including the SPI Working Group’s report on the last session (FAL 29/12), instructed it to:

.1 work throughout the week and consider all documents referred to it;

.2 report on urgent matters including its work programme to the Committee on Thursday, 10 January 2002;

.3 give an oral progress report on the remaining issues on Friday, 11 January 2002;

and

.4 submit its full report to FAL 30.

1.6 As instructed by the Committee, the Working Group submitted its report on urgent matters including its future work programme (FAL 29/WP.2) on Thursday, 10 January 2002. The Committee took action as indicated in document FAL 29/18, paragraphs 12.24 to 12.29 and consequently this report addresses only the remaining items. 2 WORK PROGRAMME ITEM 2 – AVAILABILITY OF TUG ASSISTANCE

(under the supervision of MSC, MEPC and FAL) 2.1 The Working Group noted that MSC 73 and MEPC 46 (FAL 29/12/1, paragraph 8) had concurred with the Committee’s view on the issue on the understanding that a circular to be developed should be a joint MSC/MEPC/FAL circular, highlighting the key elements of the Nautical Institute’s publication entitle “Tug Use in Ports –A Practical Guide”. 2.2 The Working Group considered the comprehensive list of contents of that publication, provided by its Chairman, and, recognising that ports vary considerably and certain information contained in the list might be of value to one while not for another, agreed that the whole list

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should be appended to the circular to be developed, highlighting those areas the Working Group considered to be the key elements. 2.3 The Committees (MSC, MEPC and FAL) are invited to consider and approve the draft MSC/MEPC/FAL circular on Availability of tug assistance, set out in annex 2. 2.4 The Working Group invites the Committees to delete this item from its work programme, once the draft circular approved. 3 WORK PROGRAMME ITEM 3 - DEVELOPMENT OF A MANUAL ON

LOADING AND UNLOADING OF SOLID BULK CARGOES FOR TERMINAL REPRESENTATIVES (under the supervision of MSC)

3.1 The Working Group considered, as requested by DSC 6 (FAL 29/12/1, paragraphs 9 to 11), the outline of a manual on Loading and Unloading of Solid Bulk Cargoes for Terminal Representatives, prepared by DSC 6 (DSC 6/15, annex 5), with the view to submit its comments and contributions to MSC 75 for further guidance. 3.2 The Working Group concurred with the view expressed by DSC 6 that the proposed outline formed a proper basis for the manual to be developed. However, it identified the following points for consideration by DSC 7 when developing the manual further:

.1 the introduction should reflect that the manual is not replacing the Code of Practice for the Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers (BLU Code) but rather provides additional important information and explanations on subjects that would benefit from it and would assist both terminals and ships to comply with the provisions of the BLU Code;

.2 where appropriate, reference should be made to the provisions of the BLU Code

when providing additional information and explanations; .3 care should be taken that information and explanations provided are concise and

of real value so as to make the manual worthwhile and user friendly; .4 terms used should be uniform throughout the manual and in line with the

BLU Code, e.g. “unloading” instead of “discharge”, etc.; .5 in point 16 (stockpiling) of sub-section 4.1 (terminal) of the outline, the effect of

weather as well as proper weathering of cargo on the safety of carriage should be addressed;

.6 in sub-section 4.2 (ships) the specific risks of the presence of flammable or

explosive gases in holds and pipelines on board OBO carriers, when used as combination carriers, should be explained;

.7 point 4 (safe access to ships) of sub-section 4.2 should be expanded to cover also

safe movement on board ships, e.g. in holds and hatch covers; and .8 in sub-section 4.6 (other interests) the role of the competent authority should also

be explained.

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3.3 In order to assist DSC 7 in the development of the manual, certain members of the Working Group volunteered to provide additional text on the proposed outline by way of correspondence as follows: .1 Sub-section 4.1 (Roles and responsibilities of terminals) - IBTA .2 Sub-section 4.2 (Roles and responsibilities of ships) – IFSMA .3 Sub-section 4.3 (Roles and responsibilities of ports) – IAPH .4 Sub-sections (Roles and responsibilities of shippers, cargo surveyors 4.5 to 4.6 and other interests) – Germany .5 Section 5 (Cargo operations on ship) – Greece .6 Section 6 (Cargo operation on Terminal) – IBTA .7 Section 7 (Communications) – The Netherlands 3.4 The delegation of the United States agreed to act as co-ordinator* and to submit a consolidated contribution to DSC 7 by May this year. 3.5 The Working Group instructed the Secretariat to convey the outcome of the Group’s discussion on this issue to MSC 75 for further guidance. 4 WORK PROGRAMME ITEM 4 – DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR THE TRAINING OF PORT MARINE PERSONNEL (under the supervision of MSC AND FAL) 4.1 The Working Group recalled that, at its last session, it could not develop a more definite proposal on the scope of work due to lack of advice from Member Governments and the industry and that Committee had established a Correspondence Group to continue with the work 4.2 The Working Group noted that MSC 73 (FAL 29/12/1, paragraphs 12 to 14), having considered the issue at some length, had agreed that the SPI Working Group should not develop such guidelines but identify the areas where there is a need for the training of port marine personnel; substantiate the need for such a work in detail; and specify the IMO bodies or international organizations which might be capable to contribute to the development of such guidelines. The terms of reference for the correspondence group were modified by MSC 73 (FAL 29/12/1 paragraph 13).

* Mr. Jerry Cotter

Director of Operations Port of Corpus Christi P.O. BOX 1541 Corpus Christi TX 78403 UNITED STATES Tel.: +361 885 6157 +361 882 5633 Fax: +361 882 7110 E-mail: [email protected]

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4.3 Recalling the request of the FAL Committee (FAL 29/18, paragraph 12.20) that the Working Group should revisit the instructions of MSC 73 and thanking the Correspondence Group for the work done, the Working Group considered the report in detail (FAL 28/12/2).

4.4 The Working Group decided that the approach taken by the Correspondence Group to look at training subjects rather than functions performed within the marine side of port operations had to be amended. 4.5 However, the Working Group concurred with the views expressed in plenary that the List of areas identified where there is a need for training of port personnel (FAL 29/12/2, annex 4) provided a good overview of the areas of competencies required in a port but that it contained competencies which would not necessarily have to be provided by port marine personnel. 4.6 The Working Group agreed that such a list could be used as guidance for port authorities and, in order not to lose the valuable work done in compiling that list, amended the list, including the change of the title to “Areas of competences required in a port” to reflect its new purpose and attached it to this report as annex 3. 4.7 The Working Group then recalled the discussions that had led to the inclusion of this item in the work programme of the group, in particular the reasons put forward by the port industry regarding the need for a requirement to develop guidelines for training of port marine personnel. 4.8 The main argument of the industry was and still is that traditionally, port authorities and port operators mostly employ qualified seafaring personnel for port marine functions, as their seafaring training, education and experience provided an excellent basis to carry out those functions in a professional manner. 4.9 The Working Group recognized that the existing shortfall in qualified seafaring personnel, which, according to studies conducted by the European Commission, the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) and other organizations, would become worse in the near future and already had and would have an increasingly negative impact on the availability of qualified port marine and other port personnel with a maritime background. 4.10 The Working Group further recognized that, to ensure that port marine functions, which have an important bearing on maritime/port safety, marine environment protection and facilitation of maritime traffic, are also in future carried out by qualified personnel, the port industry will have to provide dedicated education and training for other suitable shore personnel which would fill the gap between the qualifications and experience available ashore and those required to adequately discharge the port marine functions and which have been readily available when employing personnel with a sea-faring background. 4.11 Another important reason brought forward by the industry was that there is an increasing tendency by governments to privatise port marine services, thereby introducing competition amongst the service providers. 4.12 There is at present no uniform international guidance with regard to the minimum levels of education and training for certain port marine personnel, as ILO has not addressed this area because they consider this to be within the remit of IMO. Consequently, there is a risk that, in selecting personnel, the matter of suitability for the job is insufficiently addressed and may come second to criteria of costs. In any case, it is difficult to determine suitability in the absence of guidance for education and training.

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4.13 Therefore, the only way to provide assurance to the shipping industry and the public at large that there is an adequate level of competence available in ports, which would ensure that ships could enter, stay and leave a port safely and efficiently, is by providing similar internationally applicable guidance on recommended training and education for port marine personnel, as is already available for seafarers. 4.14 Based on the above, the Working Group considered which were the main functions and services in a port that traditionally used to be discharged by personnel with seafaring background and identified the following functions and services:

.1 functions carried out under the responsibility of a harbour master/port captain; .2 pilotage; .3 VTS; and .4 port marine services, in particular towage and mooring services.

4.15 As training and education of Pilots and VTS operators have been adequately addressed by IMO in conjunction with other organizations, there was no need to further discuss these functions. 4.16 As the industry organizations, such as IAPH and IHMA, advised the Working Group that functions carried out under the responsibility of a harbour master/port captain (harbour mastering) are manifold and vary from port to port, the Group felt that, in order to be able to advise the Committees (MSC and FAL) on the need for training and areas to be covered in an appropriate manner, it would need to have more information about those functions. 4.17 IAPH and IHMA offered to investigate this matter and provide the outcome of that investigation to the Working Group. Consequently, the Group invites the Committees to agree that the area of harbour mastering should be re-visited, once the information is available. 4.18 When considering the remaining area of marine services, the Working Group concluded that with regard to towage, the STCW Code provides guidance for education and training of tugboat personnel engaged in international voyages. Member Governments and the port industry should be invited to compare the requirements under the STCW Code with the needs for harbour tug operation and to submit their suggestions for amendments to the Organization. 4.19 Discussing the provision of mooring services, the Working Group noted the information provided by the industry that these services had raised considerable concerns, because of incidents and near-misses in ports during mooring and unmooring. This issue had been brought to the attention of the DE Sub-Committee to address the issue of mooring lines and mooring equipment on board ships. 4.20 The provision of adequate mooring services plays an important role in ensuring ship/port safety, prevention of pollution and facilitation of maritime traffic. As the size of the ships has been increased constantly over the years, thereby making them more vulnerable to the effects of wind and current coupled with the simultaneous decrease in the number of crew on board, the provision of mooring services by qualified personnel has become even more important.

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4.21 As also mooring services suffer from the decline in the availability of seafaring personnel, are also subject to fierce competition and lack internationally agreed standards of training and education, the Working Group invites the Committees to approve its proposal to restrict the item “Development of guidelines for the training of port marine personnel” to “Development of guidance for minimum training and education requirements for mooring services personnel” with a target completion date of 2004; and to amend the Group’s work programme accordingly. 4.22 With regard to the resulting costs of such guidance, the Group noted that it had been the industry itself that had requested the Organization to develop such guidance. Therefore, it had to be assumed that they believed the benefits of such guidance would outweigh the resulting costs. 4.23 Recalling the comments made by an observer from INTERTANKO that the oil terminal industry had developed guidance on mooring and training of their personnel involved in this area, the Working Group recognized that Member Governments and other international organizations might already have certain standards in place. To avoid duplication of work, the Working Group agreed that it would limit its work to evaluate available existing material as to their suitability, to establish eventual gaps and to provide the industry with advice as to the areas that need improvement or development of guidance before it could be endorsed by the Organization. 4.24 The Working Group invited the Committees to invite Member Governments and international organizations to provide any material available, provided the development of minimum training and education requirements for mooring services personnel was approved by the Committees.

5 ACTION REQUESTED OF THE COMMITTEE

5.1 The Committee is invited to approve the report in general, and, in particular, to: .1 approve the draft MSC/MEPC/FAL circular on Availability of tug assistance; and,

once approved, to delete this item from the work programme of the Working Group (paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4 and annex 2);

.2 note the Working Group’s view and action on the development of a manual on

loading and unloading of solid bulk cargoes for terminal representatives; (paragraphs 3.2 to 3.5); and

.3 endorse the Working Group’s view and action on development of guidelines for

the training of port marine personnel; to approve its proposal to restrict the item to “Development of guidance for minimum training and education requirements of mooring services personnel” with a target completion date of 2004; and to amend the Group’s work programme accordingly (paragraphs 4.6, 4.17, 4.21 and 4.24 and annex 3).

5.2 The Maritime Safety Committee is invited to note the information provided and, in particular, to:

.1 approve the draft MSC/MEPC/FAL circular on Availability of tug assistance (paragraph 2.3 and annex 2);

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.2 endorse the Working Group’s view and action on the development of a manual on loading and unloading of solid bulk cargoes for terminal representatives; and to take appropriate action (paragraphs 3.2 to 3.4); and

.3 endorse the Working Group’s view and action on the development of guidelines

for the training of port marine personnel; to and approve its proposal to restrict the item to “Development of guidance for minimum training and education requirements for mooring services personnel” with a target completion date of 2004; and to amend the Group’s work programme accordingly (paragraphs 4.6, 4.17, 4.21 and 4.24 and annex 3).

5.3 The Marine Environment Protection Committee is invited to approve the draft MSC/MEPC/FAL circular on Availability of tug assistance (paragraph 2.3 and annex 2).

***

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ANNEX 1

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF THE SPI WORKING GROUP

Chairman: Capt. H.J. Roos (Germany)

Secretary: Mrs. B. Vormawah

NAME & ADDRESS Tel. and Fax Nos and e-mail address

1 Mr. L. Grainger Cargo Safety Adviser The Bahamas Maritime Authority 2nd Floor, Latham House 16 Minories London EC3N 1EH UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 1322 527410 Fax: +44 (0) 1322 527410 E-mail: [email protected]

2 Mr. J.R. Ruschel dos Santos Ministry of Transport BRAZIL

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

3 Mrs. M. Fornari A.P. Jacomo Ministry of Transport BRAZIL

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

4 Capt. Naim Nazha Senior Marine Inspector Marine Safety Transport Canada 330 Spark Street Place de Ville 11th Floor – Tower C Ottawa, Ontario K1A ON5 CANADA

Tel.: + 613 991 3140 Fax: + 613 993 8196 E-mail: [email protected]

5 Mr. Xu Jixiang International Organization Division Ministry of Communications 11 Jianguomennei Ave Beijing 100736 P.R. CHINA

Tel.: +86 10 6529 2213 Fax: +86 10 6529 2261

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6 Capt. Risto Repo Maritime Accident Investigator Accident Investigation Centre Ministry of Justice Yrjönkatu 36 00100 Helsinki FINLAND

Tel.: +358 9 1825 7817 Fax: +358 9 1825 7811 E-mail: [email protected]

7 Mme. L. Ramstein Secretariat General de la Mer Primer Ministre FRANCE

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

8 Mr. M.Y. Le Garrec Secretary-General Port of Bordeaux FRANCE

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

9 Capt. Hans-Jürgen Roos Head, Shipping and Nautical Division Senator (Ministry) of Economy and Ports Zweite Schlachtpforte 3 28195 Bremen GERMANY

Tel.: +49 421 361 2310 Fax: +49 421 496 2310 E-mail: [email protected]

10 Capt. Hinrich Pape Ports and Shipping Hindenburgstrasse 30 26122 Oldenburg GERMANY

Tel: +(04 41) 7 99 22 38 Fax: +(04 41) 7 99 22 53 E-mail: [email protected]

11 Mr. K.W. Segbefia Chief Planning Manager Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority P.O. Box 150 Tema GHANA

Tel: +233 22 203846 Fax: +233 22 202812 E-mail: [email protected]

12 Commander (HCG) D. Fokas Technical Maritime Attaché Maritime Affairs Section Embassy of Greece 1a Holland Park London W11 3TP UNITED KINGDOM

Tel.: +44 (0) 207 727 0326 Fax: +44 (0) 207 727 0509

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13 Mr. Akira Ishihara First Secretary Embassy of Japan JAPAN

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

14 Mr. Charles Abela Executive Director Ports Directorate Malta Maritime Authority Marina Pinto Valletta VLT 01 MALTA


15 Capt. Richard Gabriele Harbour Master Ports Directorate Malta Maritime Authority Marina Pinto Valletta VLT 01 MALTA

Tel: +21222203/22914420/99494312 Fax: +356 21244419 E-mail: [email protected]

16 Mr. Jan Gardeitchik General Manager Dangerous and Noxious Goods (Rotterdam Port Authority) Netherlands’ Harbour Council P.O. Box 6622 3002 AP Rotterdam THE NETHERLANDS

Tel: +31 10 252 15 74 Fax: +31 10 252 1600 E-mail: [email protected]

17 Mr. Erik Ørbeck Adviser Norwegian National Coastal Administration P.O. BOX 8158 Dep., N-0033 OSLO NORWAY

Tel.: +47 22 47 62 00 Fax: +47 22 42 48 35

18 Capt. Orlando Allard Permanent Representative of Panama to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Panama House 40 Hertford Street London W1Y 7SH

Tel: +44 207 629 6166 Fax: +44 207 629 6366 E-mail: [email protected]


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19 Mr. Z. Sieminski POLAND

Tel: +48 58 621 …. Fax: +48 58 621….. E-mail:

20 Mr. Zygfryd Zelman Commercial Director Sea Port Authority Bytomska 7 PL 70-603 Szczecin POLAND

Tel: +48 91 430 82 40/430 82 41 Fax: +48 91 462 41 45 E-mail www.portofszczecin.pl

21 Mr. Jeong Soon-Seok First Secretary Embassy of the Republic of Korea 60 Buckingham Gate London SW1E 6AJ UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 207 227 5543 E-mail: soonseokø62ø@hotmail.net

22 Mr. Jung, Hyung Taek Resident Representative to IMO Embassy of the Republic of Korea 60 Buckingham Gate London SW1E 6AJ UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 207 227 5508 E-mail: [email protected]

23 Ms Maria Fatima Grilo Posto de Fronteira 201 Porto de Lisboa Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras Edificio da Gare Maritima Da Rocha do Conde d’Obidos 1350-352 Lisboa PORTUGAL


24 Mr. Per H. Olson Senior Port Expert Swedish Maritime Administration SE-601 78 Norrköping SWEDEN

Tel: +46 11 19 11 66 Fax: +46 11 23 99 34 E-mail: [email protected]

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25 Mr. Tobji Noureddine Direction Générale de la Marine Merchande (Ministère du Transport) 13 rue 8006 Montplaisir 1002 – Tunis Bélvédére TUNISIA

Tel: +216 71 287614 +216 71 787022 Fax: +216 71 287414 E-mail [email protected]

26 Mr. Andrew Burr Head of Ports (2) Division Department of Transport Local Government and the Regions Second Floor, Zone 31 Great Minster House 76 Marsham Street London SW1P UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: 020 7944 5069 Fax: 020 7944 2188 E-mail: [email protected]

27 Capt. Gordon Dickins Harbour Master Port of London Authority London River House Royal Pier Road Gravesend Kent DA12 2BG UNITED KINGDOM

Tel.: +44 (0)1474 562 212 Fax: +44 (0)1474 352996 E-mail: [email protected]

28 Mr. P. Rose Marine Surveyor Maritime and Coastguard Agency Bay 2/23, Spring Place 105 Commercial Road Southampton S015 1EG UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 23 8032 9402 Fax: +44 (0) 23 8032 9204 E-mail : [email protected]

29 Mr. Jerry Cotter Director of Operations Port of Corpus Christi P.O. BOX 1541 Corpus Christi TX 78403 UNITED STATES

Tel.: +361 885 6157 +361 882 5633 Fax: +361 882 7110 E-mail: [email protected]


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30 Mr. David A. Du Pont Analyst Office of Standards Evaluation and Development Marine Safety and Environmental Protection U.S. Coast Guard (G-MSR) Department of Transportation 2100 Second St. S.W. Washington, D.C. 20593 UNITED STATES

Tel.: + 1 202 267 0971 Fax: + 1 202 267 4547 E-mail: [email protected]

31 Mr. P. Lacey Permanent International Association of Navigation Congress (PIANC) World Trade Centre, Tour 3, 26e etage Boulevard Simon Bolivar 30 B-1210 Brussels Belgium

Tel: +32 2 208 5216/18 Fax: +32 2 208 5215 E-mail:

32 Mr. P. Decrop International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH)

Tel: +00 32 3 2052183 Fax: +00 32 3 2052026 E-mail: PATRICK.DECROP@HAVEN. ANTWERPEN.BE

33 Mr. P.C. van der Kluit Managing Director, Europe Office International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH)


34 Mr. John Alexander International Cargo Handling Co-ordination Association (ICHCA) International Secretariat Suite 2, 85 Western Road Romford Essex RM1 3LS UNITED KINGDOM

Tel.: +44 (0) 1708 734787 Fax: +44 (0) 1708 734877 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ichca.org.uk

35 Mr. Mike L. Compton Health and Safety Adviser to the Port Industry (PSO) Room 220, Africa House 64-78 Kingsway London WC2B 6AH UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7242 3538 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7404 6806 E-mail: [email protected]

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36 Capt. R. Macdonald General Secretary IFSMA 202 Lambeth Road London SE1 7JY

Tel: +44(0) 20 7261 0450 Fax: +44(0) 20 7928 9030 E-mail: [email protected]

37 Mr. Trevor Dixon Specialist Adviser World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) 7 Old Park Lane London WIY 3LJ UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 (0) 20 7408 1944 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7495 1964 E-mail: [email protected]

38 Mr. K. Sugiura Specialist Adviser World Nuclear Transport Institute (WNTI) 7 Old Park Lane London WIY 3LJ UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

39 Capt. M.J. Ridge International Harbour Masters’ Association (IHMA) IMO Liaison Officer Maritime Centre 14 Northney Marina, Hayling Island Hants PO11 0NH UNITED KINGDOM


40 Mr. N. Scully International Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners (INTERCARGO)

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

41 Mr. Bala K. Subramaniam Sr. Maritime Specialist United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO) Maritime industries Branch 4 route des Morillons CH-1211 Geneva 22 SWITZERLAND

Tel: Direct: +41 22 7997464 Tel. Central: +41 22 7996111 Fax: +41 22 7997050 E-mail: [email protected]

42 Mr. R.G. Peckham Executive Director International Bulk Terminals Association ( IBTA)

Tel: Fax: E-mail:

***

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ANNEX 2

DRAFT MSC/MEPC/FAL CIRCULAR

SHIP/PORT INTERFACE

Availability of tug assistance 1 The Maritime Safety Committee [at its seventy-fifth session (15 to 24 May 2002)], the Marine Environment Protection Committee [at its forty-eighth session (7 to 11 October 2002)] and the Facilitation Committee [at its thirtieth session (27 to 31 January 2003)], recognizing the importance of the provision of adequate tug assistance in ports for ensuring maritime/ports safety, protection of the marine environment and facilitation of maritime traffic, approved the issuance of this circular to assist port authorities and port operators in assessing the adequacy of tug services in their ports. 2 The annex to this circular, which contains a detailed list of contents of the Nautical Institute publication ‘Tug Use in Ports – A Practical Guide’*, although originally directed to tug masters and pilots, provides guidance for conducting such assessment. The key elements to be considered, when carrying out an assessment, are those highlighted in bold. 3 Member Governments are invited to bring this circular to the attention of administrations, port authorities, port operators, pilot organizations and tug services. __________ * The publication can be obtained from;

The Nautical Institute 202 Lambeth Road London SE1 7LQ United Kingdom Tel: +44 0207 928 1351 Fax: +44 0207 401 2817 E-mail: [email protected] Website : www.nautinst.org


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ANNEX

LIST OF CONTENTS OF THE PUBLICATION “TUG USE IN PORTS – A PRACTICAL GUIDE”

Remark: Key elements to be considered when conducting an assessment on the adequacy of tug services are highlighted in bold. Acknowledgement Foreword Author’s preface Tug-use in Port- The Overview Glossary of Terms CHAPTER ONE - TUG DESIGN FACTORS 1.1 Differences in Tug Designs and Assisting Methods

1.2 Factors influencing tug type and tug assistance 1.1.1 Categories of port and their approaches

a. Conventional ports b. Ports with mainly terminals c. Ports with mainly piers and jetties

• Ports under developments • Port approaches

1.2.2 Environmental conditions

1.2.3 The ships concerned

1.2.4 Services required in and around the harbours

1.2.5 Assisting method in use

1.2.6 Available experience

1.2.7 Safety requirements

1.2.8 Summary

1.3 Types of Tug

1.4 Assisting methods

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CHAPTER TWO – TYPES OF HARBOUR TUG 2.1 Classification of Harbour Tug types

a) Tugs with their propulsion aft and towing point near midships. These are conventional

types of tug

b) Tugs with their towing point aft and propulsion forward of midships. These are tractor

tugs.

2.2 Tug performance and safety

2.2.1 Tug performance and safety

• Response time

• Effectiveness and safety of operations

• Required manoeuvring space

2.2.2 Wheelhouse construction and layout

• Visibility

• Manoeuvring stations

• Communication

2.2.3 Tug superstructure and underwater design

2.2.4 Fendering

2.3 Conventional types of tug

2.3.1 General

2.3.2 Propulsion and rudders

• Propulsion and propeller control

• Propeller efficiency and manoeuvrability

• Movable flaps

• Schilling rudders

• Flanking rudders

• Towmaster system

• Other systems

• Bow thruster


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2.3.3 Manoeuvring conventional tugs

• Single screw tugs

• Twin screw tugs

2.3.4 Conventional tugs in shiphandling

2.4 Combi-Tugs

2.4.1 Designing and manoeuvring combi-tugs

2.4.2 Combi-tugs in shiphandling

2.5 Tractor-tugs with cycloidal propellers

2.5.1 Design

2.5.2 Propeller control

2.5.3 Manoeuvring

2.5.4 VS tugs in shiphandling

2.6 Tractor tugs with azimuth propellers

2.6.1 Design

2.6.2 Propeller control

2.6.3 Manoeuvring

2.6.4 Azimuth tractor tugs in shiphandling

2.7 Reverse-tractor tugs

2.7.1 Design

2.7.2 Propeller control, manoeuvring capabilities and shiphandling

2.8 Azimuth Stern Drive (ADS) tugs

2.8.1 Design

2.8.2 Propeller control, manoeuvring capabilities and shiphandling

2.9 Tug performance

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CHAPTER THREE - ASSISTING METHODS

3.1 Introduction

In ports tugs may render one of the following services: • Tug assistance during a transit to or from the berth including assistance during

mooring and unmooring operations

• Tug assistance mainly during mooring and unmooring operations only)

• Giving steering assistance and controlling ship’s speed

• Compensating for wind and current during transit while ship has speed

• Controlling traverse speed towards a berth while compensating for wind and

current during mooring/unmooring operations

3.2 Assisting methods

3.2.1 Assisting methods in use

There are only two markedly different assisting methods

• Tugs towing on a line

• Tugs operating at a ship’s side

• Tugs alongside during approach to the berth and pushing or push-pulling while mooring

• Forward tug alongside and aft tug on a line during approach towards a berth and

push-pull while manoeuvring

• Tugs towing on a line during transit towards a berth and whilst mooring

• Tugs towing on a line during approach towards a berth and push-pull while mooring

• Combinations of above systems

3.2.2 Relationship between type of tug and assisting method 3.3 Tug assistance in ice

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 Types of ship for manoeuvring in ice

3.3.3 Preparation before berthing or unberthing

3.3.4 Tugs and tug assistance

3.4.4 Berthing in ice

3.4.5 Unberthing in ice

3.4.6 Safety of tugs in ice


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CHAPTER FOUR – TUG CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS

4.1 Introduction

Apart from the essential issue of bollard pull, two very important aspects are considered:

• Correct tug positioning

• The right type of tug

4.2 Basic principles and definitions

4.2.1 Pivot point

4.2.2 Towing point, pushing point and lateral centre of pressure.

• Direct towing and indirect towing

• The towing point

• The lateral centre of pressure

• Direct and indirect towing method

• Stability

- High GM and good dynamic stability

- Reducing the transverse resistance of the hull

- Reducing height of the towing point

- Reducing height of the pushing point

- A towline with good shock absorption characteristics

4.3 Capabilities and limitations

4.3.1 Capabilities and limitations of tug types

• Towing on a line

- Forward tugs towing on a line

- Stern tugs operating on a line

• Tugs operating at a ship’s side

- Pushing method

- Pulling mode

- Stopping assistance

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• Summary

- Conventional tugs

- Tractor and reverse-tractor tugs

- ADS-tugs

4.3.2 Effectiveness of tug types

• Performance diagrams

- Performance of a conventional and an ADS-tug when pushing at a ship underway

at speed

- Performance of an ADS and VS (Voith-Schneider) tug while towing on a line

• Speed control – braking assistance

4.3.3 Effective tug position

4.3.4 Towing on a line compared with operating at a ship’s side

4.4 Operational limits

4.5 Design consequences

4.6 Conclusion regarding tug types

4.7 Some practical aspects • Co-operation

• Communications between pilots and tug captains

• Tug use

• Speed

• Decreasing effectiveness of tugs when a ship gathers speed

CHAPTER FIVE – BOLLARD PULL REQUIRED

5.1 Introduction

• Phase whereby a ship has reasonable speed

• The intermediate phase

• The phase involving the final part of the arrival manoeuvre

5.2 Factors influencing total bollard pull required

Main factors influencing tug assistance

• Berth construction, including:

Type of berth: open, e.g. jetty, or solid


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• The ship, including:

Type, size, draft and underkeel clearance, trim, windage, and factors such as

engine power ahead/astern, propeller type, manoeuvring performance and

availability of side thrusters and specific rudders

• Environmental conditions, including:

Wind, current, waves, visibility, ice

• Method of tug assistance, including:

Towing on a line, operating at a ship’s side or a combination of methods

5.2.1 Wind forces

5.2.2 Current forces

5.2.3 Wave forces

5.2.4 The effect of ship’s mass and berth construction

5.2.5 Tug wash effect

5.3 Bollard pull required

5.3.1 Bollard pull required based on environmental conditions and displacement

• Ships affected by current, wind and/or waves

• Ships with large displacements

5.3.2 Number and total bollard pull of tugs a used in a number of ports

5.3.3 Summary

5.3.4 Influence of tariffs on availability and number of tugs used

CHAPTER SIX – INTERACTION AND TUG SAFETY

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Interaction and shallow water effects

6.2.1 Interaction effects influencing tug performance

• Tug-propeller – tug hull interaction

• Interaction of tug propellers

• Tug – ship interaction due to tug fendering

• Tug – towline interaction

• Tug propeller – ship hull interaction

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• Tug hull – ship hull interaction

• Ship propeller/ship hull – tug interaction

6.2.2 Shallow water effects with respect to tug assistance

• Increase of bank suction and bow cushion effects

• Decrease of rudder effect

• Possible increment of transverse effect of propellers

• Increase of stopping distance due to larger virtual mass

6.2.3 Interaction effects influencing tug safety

• Flow pattern around a ship

• Tug – ship interaction with respect to tug safety

6.2.4 Tug – ship interaction with respect to tug performance

6.3 Tug safety

6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.2 Coming alongside and departing from a ship’s side

6.3.3 Passing a towline near the bow

6.3.4 Passing a towline at the stern

6.3.5 Overtaking a bow tug on a line – Girting – Tripping

6.3.6 Forward tug steering broadside

6.3.7 Stern tug steering broadside

6.3.8 Stern tug manoeuvring from a stand by position on starboard or port quarter

towards a position astern of the ship

6.3.9 Stern tug manoeuvring from starboard to port quarter or vice-versa

6.3.10 Tug operating at ship’s side

6.3.11 Fog

6.3.12 Some other practical aspects

• Bulbous bows

• Releasing towlines

• Sudden changes in a ship’s heading and speed

• Underestimating wind and current forces

• Ship design consequences

6.4 Summary and conclusions


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CHAPTER SEVEN – TOWING EQUIPMENT

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Additional towing points and gob ropes

• Radial system

• Additional fixed towing points

• Gob rope system

7.3 Towing bitts, hooks and winches

7.3.1 Method of towing and varying towline lengths

7.3.2 Towing hooks

7.3.3 Towing winches

• Types of different towing winches

• Towing winch characteristics

7.4 Quick release systems

7.5 Towlines

7.5.1 Towline requirements

covering following basic requirements:

• Strength

• Stretch

• Weight/Diameter

• Life

7.5.2 Steel wire ropes and synthetic fibre ropes

• Steel wire ropes

- Lay

- Right hand or left hand lay

- Cross lay and equal lay

- Lang’s lay

- Ordinary lay

• Synthetic fibre ropes ropes

- Left hand and right hand lay

- Three strand ropes

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- Six strand ropes with core structure

- Eight strand ropes

- Double braid or braid-on-braid and circular braided

- Description of different fibres and rope types

- Polyester

- Nylon

- Polypropylene

- Combinations of materials

- Aramid and Dyneema/Spectra

- Handling and maintenance of fibre ropes

- Damage to towlines

7.5.3 Composition of towlines

7.5.4 Basic towline length

• Towline length in relation to ship’s path width

• The effectiveness of a tug on a short steep towline

• Tug safety in relation to towline length

7.5.5 Strength of towline and safety factors

• Static forces in short and long towlines

• Dynamic forces in short and long towlines

• Safety factors regarding towline strength

7.5.6 Ship’s mooring lines as towlines

7.6 Towline handling

7.6.1 Safe handling of towlines aboard ships

7.6.2 Some new methods for passing, taking/or securing towlines

• Quick release hooks on board ferries

• Automatic hook up system

• Emergency towing equipment

CHAPTER EIGHT – TRAINING AND TUG SIMULATION

8.1 Reason for training

8.2 Different training objectives

8.2.1 Basic theoretical-practical training


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The following main subjects are important:

For pilot training • Ship handling

• Knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of tugs while rendering assistance

For tug captains • Handling of a free sailing tug

• Knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of ships and of tugs while

rendering assistance

• What knowledge of tugs and tug use is required by a pilot?

• What is useful for a tug captain to know about a ship?

• Additional training aspects

• How can basic training be given?

8.2.2 Training for specific situations and conditions

8.2.3 Training for a planned new port, harbour basin or berth

8.2.4 Training for specific ships coming to a port

8.2.5 How the specific training courses can be given

Combined training

The use of ship manoeuvring simulators 8.3 Calculating and simulating tug performance with desktop computers

8.3.1 Tug performance calculation programs

8.3.2 Fast time manoeuvring simulation programs

8.4 Tug simulation using bridge manoeuvring simulators

8.4.1 Requirements for correct tug simulations

8.4.2 Development in tug simulation towards interactive tugs

• Simple vector tug models

• Simple vector tug models combined with tug captain experience

• Advanced vector models

• Tug simulated on a monitor (bird eye view) and operated by tug captains

• Interactive tug simulation

8.4.3 Important aspects for interactive tug simulation

• Visual presentation and orientation of control handles

• Tug performance in wave conditions

• Other practical aspects

Heeling angle

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Engine noise

Control handles

Towline/fender characteristics

8.4.4 Method of tug simulation to be used 8.5 Simulator training

8.5.1 Enhanced training possibilities

8.5.2 Steps to be taken for a simulator training set up

• An accurate definition of training needs and training objectives

• A definition of training requirements

• An assessment of whether the simulator institute can meet the training requirements

• A validation phase

• A definition of training programmes

8.6 Areas of tug simulation that need further attention

• Tug model test

• Effect of angle of heel and trim on forces on a tug’s hull and appendages

• Influence of waves on tug performance

• Influence of flow around ship and of water depth and confinement

• Influence of a tug’s propeller wash on ship’s hull

• Towing and pushing forces

• Thruster – tug hull interaction and thruster – thruster interaction

• Out-of-the window view for interactive tugs

8.7 Conclusions

CHAPTER NINE – ESCORT TUGS

9.1 The background to escorting

9.2 Studies on escort requirements

9.3 Escorting objectives and methods

9.4 Escorting by normal harbour tugs

9.4.1 Tug use

9.4.2 Escort training and planning

9.5 Escorting by purpose built tugs


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9.5.1 Type of tugs, performance and operational requirements

• Types, terminology and factors affecting performance

• Braking and steering forces

• Required maximum speed free sailing

• Stability

• Seaworthiness. Design modifications of escort tractor togs

• Additional towing point for escort tractor tugs

• Deck equipment, towlines and towline handling

• Operating reliability and fail safe

• Communication

• Active and passive escorting. Versatility of escort tugs

• Escort planning

• Escort tug standardisation

9.5.2 Escort tug in use

9.5.3 Training and pilotage

9.5.4 Summary of escort tug requirements

9.6 Escort tug regulations 9.7 Concluding remarks CHAPTER TEN – TUG DEVELOPMENTS

10.1 Special developments in the design of tugs with azimuth thrusters

10.2 Developments in general

***

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ANNEX 3

AREAS OF COMPETENCIES REQUIRED IN A PORT

1. Law 1.1 International law of the sea Knowledge of the law relating to maritime safety and the marine environment, especially the relation of the international law of the sea with international conventions, codes, guidelines, recommendations, national laws, etc. and their transformation into applicable national laws, rules and regulations 1.2 Applicable international instruments relating to safety and environment protection Knowledge of all applicable conventions, codes, guidelines and recommendations relating to maritime/port safety and marine/port environment protection 1.3 Commercial law (International trade and carriage of goods and passengers) Knowledge of the legal environment of international trade and the fundamental concepts of international trade law with respect to sale of goods and the carriage of goods and passengers by sea. Knowledge relating to Bills of Lading and Intermodal Transport, Charter Parties, etc. 1.4 Admiralty law Knowledge of the legal foundation on which the framework of maritime law is built with special regard to Admiralty jurisdiction, registration and safety, including laws relating to actions in Admiralty such as collision, salvage, limitations on liability, pollution, arrests and maritime liens. An outline of national and international legislation covering marine and atmospheric pollution, coastal management, waste disposal, dredging and allied subjects. 1.5 Marine Insurance and General Average Knowledge of marine insurance, general and particular average and salvage law in sufficient depth to enable causes of action to be formulated and pursued at law. 2 Seamanship Awareness to the competence, language and practice of seaman and seamanship. 2.1 Stability Knowledge of stability criteria, stability calculations and effects of free surfaces on stability.


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2.2 Cargo stowage and securing Knowledge of forces acting on ships and cargo during the voyage, international requirements for the safe loading, stowage and securing of cargoes on board and in cargo transport units. 2.3 Cargo handling Knowledge on the use and limitations of cargo handling gear (Ship/Shore) and handling materials and tools. Safe cargo handling operations

2.4 Handling of dangerous cargoes Knowledge of classification, marking, placarding, labelling, packaging, etc. with regard to all modes of transport including stowage and segregation of dangerous cargoes onboard ships and in port areas. 2.5 Ship handling and manoeuvring Knowledge of ship handling and manoeuvring, the effects of wind, tidal stream and depth, allowance for squat, use and limitations of manoeuvring aids like bow and stern thrusters, tug boats, etc. 3. Navigation 3.1 Marine navigation theory and practice General knowledge of navigation in ports, its approaches and coastal waters including pilotage.

3.2 Elements of navigation An appreciation of the total bridge control concept comprising the man/machine interface and associated procedures including manoeuvring and collision avoidance in port approaches and port waters. 3.3 Navigation safety planning and management Knowledge of the management and organization required to achieve navigational safety and efficiency including traffic services, conflicts, vocational standards and international safety applications, marine leisure activities and their effects on the organization and management of the safe use of port waters, from the port authority's point of view. 3.4 Aids to Navigation Knowledge of visual and radioelectric as well as earth and space segment aids to navigation in port areas and approaches including the relevant aspects of operation, use, and limitations.

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3.5 Marine communications systems Knowledge of the earth and space sectors of marine communications in the context of navigation safety and their use and application in a multi-lingual, multi-cultural industry. 3.6 Marine information systems Knowledge of the techniques involved in traditional and digital data gathering; the associated presentation options and the application of these technologies in hydrographic surveying, positioning and navigation; the use of geographical information systems; paper and electronic charts; the collation, production and dissemination of permanent and ephemeral navigational information in local, national and international dimensions. 3.7 Promulgation of navigational information Knowledge on the requirement to gather, collate and promulgate local ephemeral and permanent changes to navigational information; the assessment of risk and the requirement for varying priorities in promulgation of navigational warnings; national and international charting authorities; the international, national and local methods of collection and promulgation of navigational information. 4. Conservancy

- Knowledge of land and sea control for surveying positioning in port approaches and harbours.

- Knowledge and skills in the use of surveying instruments and computational equipment for determining position.

- Knowledge of water movements, vertical data and the effect of water movements on berthing, harbour operations, sediment transport systems and pollutants.

- Basic skills in gathering of barometric data and the techniques required to reduce the production of navigational charts.

- Background knowledge to the principal dredging methods, associated surveying techniques and the principles involved in estimating quantities.

- Knowledge of the requirements for licensing of dredging operations and the alternatives for disposal of dredged material including contaminated spoils.

- Knowledge of the fundamental principles of meteorological and oceanographic circulation and interactions on a global and local level.

- An appreciation of the main aspects of oceanographic and estuarine pollution as well as pollution of soils and the atmosphere.

- An appreciation of the threats to the marine and atmospheric environments.

- Knowledge and appreciation of the interdisciplinary nature of coastal and estuarine management issues.


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- Knowledge of the methods of collection and analysis of meteorological/ oceanographic data.

- The theories of meteorological and oceanographic circulation and systems and their impact on practical side of marine operations in harbours and port approaches.

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Documents

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION E · SHIP/PORT INTERFACE Report of the Working Group on Ship/Port Interface ... Nautical Institute’s publication entitle “Tug Use in Ports