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International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER)
Annual Meeting 2011
September 5th to 9th 2011 Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JAPAN
Organizer: International Long-Term Ecological Research Network Co-organizer: Japan Long-Term Ecological Research Network (JaLTER); IFES-GCOE of Hokkaido University;
Ecosystem Adaptability GCOE of Tohoku University; Global Land Project (GLP) Sapporo Nodal Office
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General Timeline 2nd (Fri) - 4th (Sun) September Pre-meeting tour in Akkeshi Marine Station 5th Sep. (Mon) Science programs arranged by local organizer
Poster session, Welcome dinner 6th Sep. (Tue) ILTER Science Symposium arranged by ILTER Science
Committee, Poster session 7th Sep. (Wed) Field trip to JaLTER core-site, Tomakomai Experimental
Forest 8th Sep. (Thu.) ILTER regional meetings
ILTER coordinating committee meeting (Day 1) 9th Sep. (Fri.) ILTER coordinating committee meeting (Day 2),
Farewell dinner
Details are on p.6 and p.8.
Preface
Dear colleagues,
It is our great pleasure to host “International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) Annual Meetings 2011” in Hokkaido University, Japan. Long-Term Ecological Research is a key research approach and framework that not only promotes ecology and ecosystem sciences but also delivers the scientific insights and knowledge needed to create a sustainable human society and nature under changing global environments and economic conditions. During the meeting in Sapporo, Japan we are hoping to have some very interactive and productive discussions to help ILTER address these issues and also that you all have an enjoyable stay.
Local organizing committee of ILTER annual meeting 2011
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Maps Location of Hokkaido Island and Sapporo city
Access to Sapporo campus of Hokkaido University
http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/en/pickup/accesstocampus.html
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Location of the venues in the campus of Hokkaido University
Other map http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/en/documents/guide_english.pdf
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Floor guide of the venues
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Schedule overview
Building Room 5th (Mon) Science Program Day 1
8:00-9:00 9:00-11:30 13:00-14:00 14:20-15:20 15:20-16:30 16:30-17:30 18:00-20:00
Graduate School of Environmental Science
Room D201 Welcome /Plenary Workshop 1 Workshop 3 Report
/Discussion
Room D101 Registration Workshop 2 Workshop 4 Meeting room Poster Setup Poster
session
Entrance space Poster Setup Poster
session
Conference Hall
Meeting room #4
Centennial Hall
Large meeting room
Small meeting room #1
Cafeteria Lunch* (11:30-13:00) Welcome
dinner
*Lunch for international participants. Breakfast (international participants staying at Aspen Hotel): 6:30 - 8:00 am.
Building Room 6th (Tue) Science Program Day 2 7th (Wed) Field Trip
8:00-11:00 11:00-14:30 15:00-16:00 16:00-17:30 All day 8:30-20:30
Graduate School of Environmental Science
Room D201 Plenary Group A Plenary
Room D101 Group B Meeting room Poster
session
Entrance space Poster
session
Conference Hall
Meeting room #4 Group C
Centennial Hall
Large meeting room
Group D
Small meeting room #1
Social Program
Social Program
Cafeteria Lunch* (12:00-13:00)
Aspen Hotel Bus departure 8:30
*Lunch for international participants. Breakfast (international participants staying at Aspen Hotel): 6:30 - 8:00 am (Sep. 6th), 7:00 - 8:00 am (Sep. 7th).
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Building Room 8th (Thu) ILTER-CC Day 1 9th (Fri) ILTER-CC Day 2
9:00-10:30 11:00-17:30 9:00-15:00 18:00-20:00
Graduate School of Environmental Science
Room D201
Room D101 Meeting room
East Asia/ Pacific
Entrance space
Conference Hall
Meeting room #4
Centennial Hall
Large meeting room
Europe CC-meeting CC-meeting
Small meeting room #1
Rest of the world
Cafeteria Lunch* (13:00-14:00)
Lunch* (12:30-13:30)
Aspen Hotel Farewell dinner
*Lunch for international participants. Breakfast (international participants staying at Aspen Hotel): 7:00 - 8:00 am.
Instruction for poster presentation Poster board: 175cm height x 115cm width. Posters will be displayed for 2 days (5th and 6th September). Core times for the posters are Poster Number P1-01 - P1-19 : Sep. 5th 15:20 - 16:30 Poster Number P2-01 - P2-19 : Sep. 6th 16:00 - 17:30 Posters can be displayed from 8:00 on 5th Sep. to 17:30 on 6th Sep. Venues: Meeting room and entrance space of the Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University (p. 4).
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Programme and Agenda
Science Programme and Poster session for Day 1 (Monday, 5th September
Graduate School of Environmental Science) 8:00-9:00 Registration (Room D101) and Poster Setup (Meeting room & Entrance) 9:00 - 9:30 Welcome session (Room D201) ILTER chair Local organizing committee IFES-GCOE of Hokkaido University Ecosystem Adaptability GCOE of Tohoku University Global Land Project, Sapporo Nodal Office ILTER Science Meeting Day 1 9:30 - 11:30 Plenary Session (Room D201)
1. Stuart J. Davies (Center for Tropical Forest Science-Smithsonian Global Earth Observatory) "On the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Results from a global network of large-scale forest plots"
2. Mark Page (UC Santa Barbara) "Networking long-term studies to assess coastal ecosystem changes in the United States"
3. Masahiro Nakaoka (Hokkaido University, JaLTER) "How can LTER contribute to impact assessment of catastrophe in coastal area?"
4. Kenlo N. Nasahara (University of Tsukuba, JAXA) "JAXA's Satellite Program and Commitment for Long-term Ecology"
11:30 - 13:00 Lunch Parallel Workshop "Global Change Science and LTER"
Speakers are requested to prepare their presentation for about 15 minutes, to keep the discussion time at the end of each workshop.
13:00 - 14:00 Workshop 1 Evaluating ecosystem services and indicators (Room D201) Moderators: Nobuhito Ohte (Japan), Noboru Okuda (Japan)
Speakers: Stefan Klotz (Germany) "Effective monitoring at LTER-sites for global change research and nature conservation – concepts and indicators"
Martin Forsius (Finland) "Evaluation of climate change impacts on ecosystem services at LTER-sites in Finland"
Pedro Beja (Portugal) "Large infrastructures as LTER opportunities: the Sabor Hydroelectric System (NE Portugal)"
Workshop 2 Remote sensing of ecosystem dynamics (Room D101) Moderators: Hiroyuki Muraoka (Japan), Kenlo N. Nasahara (Japan) Speakers: Saku Anttila (Finland) "Deriving information on ecosystem
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dynamics with remote sensing" Shin Nagai (Japan) "Ground-truthing and ecological examination
of satellite remote sensing data for accurate detection of spring and autumn phenology in deciduous broad-leaved forests"
14:00 - 14:20 Break 14:20 - 15:20 Workshop 3 Diversity and functions in terrestrial ecosystems (Room
D201) Moderators: Tsutom Hiura (Japan), I-Fang Sun (Taiwan) Speakers: Victor B. Amoroso (Philippines) "Plant diversity, status and
conservation initiatives in three mountain ecosystems in southern Philippines"
Nobuhito Ohte (Japan) "Seasonal patterns of nitrate concentration in forest streams: Geographical comparisons of controlling factors"
Satoshi Suzuki (Japan) "Geographic pattern of recruitment and mortality rates of Japanese tree species: preliminary results from the Monitoring Sites 1000 project"
Workshop 4 Monitoring marine and freshwater ecosystems (Room
D101) Moderators: Masahiro Nakaoka (Japan), Mark Page (U.S.A.) Speakers: Jun Shoji (Japan) “Latitudinal comparison of fish community structure
and production in seagrass beds in the western North Pacific” Shin-ichi Nakano (Japan) “Environmental and/or biodiversity
monitorings in freshwater systems of Asian countries”
Moderators will review the presentations and discussions by a few slides to report after the poster session.
15:20 - 16:30 Poster session (Meeting room & Entrance) Posters for Day 1
P1-01. Hiroyuki Muraoka (Japan) "Ecophysiological, micrometeorological and spectral observations of canopy photosynthesis in a cool-temperate deciduous forest, Takayama site (Japan)"
P1-02. Noboru Okuda (Japan) "Biological specimens tell us a centurial history of ecosystem alterations in the ancient Lake Biwa"
P1-03. Kazuhiko Hoshizaki (Japan)"Contribution of environmental determinism and stochasticity to the coexistence of temperate riparian tree species"
P1-04. Takashi Masaki (Japan) "Seed dispersal limitation facilitate species coexistence in temperate forests: Comparison among three forests in Japan"
P1-05. Tomoko Yamamoto (Japan) "Impacts of concentrated heavy rains on the coastal ecosystem"
P1-06. Tomoki Oda (Japan) "Estimating the mean transit time of
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streamwater using long term chloride concentration change following forest cutting at Fukuroyamasawa experimental watershed in Japan"
P1-07. Taku M. Saitoh (Japan) "Comparison study in carbon budget over two different cool-temperate forests in Takayama, Japan, using an ecosystem model"
P1-08. Naoko Tokuchi (Japan) "Long-term influences of insect defoliation on the N budget of a pine forest watershed in central Japan"
P1-09. Masanori Katsuyama (Japan) "Application of residence time concept for the biogeochemical responses of streamwater in a forested headwater catchment"
P1-10. Tatsuro Nakaji (Japan) "Estimation of leaf chemical defensive materials by hyperspectral images in experimentally warmed oak trees"
P1-11. Daisuke Hoshino (Japan) "Annual variation of tree growth in the major tree species of Kanumazawa riparian forest, northeastern Japan"
P1-12. Karibu Fukuzawa (Japan) "Nitrate loss during seven years after clear-cutting and understory strip-cutting in a cool-temperate forested watershed in northern Japan"
P1-13. Hidenobu Kunii (Japan) "Recent progress of nature restoration of Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji, coupled core sites of JaLTER"
P1-14. Yuko Miyazaki (Japan) "A dwarf bamboo genet can flower more than once: evidence from genetic structure and flowering dynamics for 8 years"
P1-15. Hiromitsu Kamauchi (Japan) "Long-term change of forest biomass and fishery catch in eastern Hokkaido"
P1-16. Wataru Urushibata (Japan) "An extremely thermophilic bacterium, Coprothermobacter sp. PM9-2, isolated from an offshore petroleum reservoir in the South China Sea"
P1-17. Shin Miyazaki (Japan) "Long-term ecosystem monitoring framework using hydrometeorological, ecological and dendrochronological approach over the larch forests in northern Mongolia"
P1-18. Michiyo Shimamura (Japan) "Carbon isotope composition in the coral skeleton and its growth environment"
P1-19. IFES-GCOE Program members (Japan) "Introduction of the IFES-GCOE Program"
16:30 - 17:30 Reports from the workshops / Discussions (Room D201)
The moderators of the workshops will report the papers and points discussed along the theme of "Global Change Science and LTER".
Commentator: Eun-Shik Kim (Kookmin University, Korea; ILTER-EAP chair)
18:00 – 20:00 Welcome Dinner (Centennial Hall, Cafeteria)
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ILTER Science Symposium and Poster session for Day 2 (Tuesday, 6th September)
Vulnerability, Sustainability, and Resilience of Ecosystems
8:00‐8:25 Patrick Bourgeron: Introduction to the ILTER Science symposium: Goals and Outcomes (Room D201, Graduate School of Environmental Science)
8:25‐9:10 Hideaki Shibata: Vulnerability, Sustainability, and Resilience of Ecosystems
9:10‐9:30 Xiubo Yu and Jian Liu: Introduction to International Ecosystem Management Partnership, a New Joint Initiative of UNEP and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
9:30‐10:00 Break
10:00‐10:30 Science Committee: Status report on on‐going initiatives
10:30‐11:00 Breakout Group Leaders: Presentation of breakout groups: themes, questions, expected outcomes
Charge to Break‐Out Groups Potential products: Assessment of the potential for cross‐network synthesis papers based on existing data; development of working groups for new data analyses; evaluation of ongoing resilience/vulnerability research at ILTER sites that could lead to new collaborative efforts; assessment of the potential for new multi‐network research based on (1) existing funding or (2) new grants.
11:00‐12:00 Break‐out discussions (In addition to the potential working group themes listed below, there may be other groups that wish to self‐organize around common interests if there are enough participants, and there will be the potential to modify or add breakout group themes at the meeting)
A. Strategies for addressing human and ecological adaptation to change. (Martin Forsius) (Room D201, Graduate School of Environmental Science)
B. ILTER science‐based approach to link with other international programs. (Hideaki Shibata) (Room D101, Graduate School of Environmental Science)
C. Cross‐network approaches to involving scientists with each domestic network. (Manuel Maass) (Meeting room #4, Conference Hall)
D. Linking scenarios of climate change with drivers of land use and land cover. (Patrick Bourgeron) (Large meeting room, Centennial Hall)
12:00‐13:00 Lunch
13:00‐14:30 Break‐out discussions, continued.
14:30‐15:00 Break
15:00‐16:00 Plenary – Workgroup Reports: what’s next? (Room D201, Graduate School of Environmental Science)
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16:00‐17:30 Poster session (Meeting room & Entrance, Graduate School of Environmental Science)
Posters for Day 2 P2-01. Augustin T. B. Orou Matilo (Japan) "Structure, composition and species diversity of
tree communities in tropical savanna of Benin (West Africa)" P2-02. Kari Laine (Finland) "Northern Long-term Socio-ecological Research Platform
(Northern LTSER Platform) -cooperation in Finland: possibilities and challenges for long-term socio-ecological research"
P2-03. Emilia Varadinova (Bulgaria) "Long term changes in ecological state of the transboundary Mesta River (South-West Bulgaria)"
P2-04. Svetla Bratanova-Doncheva (Bulgaria) "Impact of vegetation changes on hydrological regime - Long-term hydrological investigations under different sylvicultural activities in LTER forest site “Yundola” - Bulgaria"
P2-05. Nadka Ignatova (Bulgaria) "Critical Loads of Lead and Cadmium for Different Type of Forest and Aquatic Ecosystems at the Petrohan LTER site, Bulgaria"
P2-06. Eli Nur Nirmala Sari (Japan) "The role of traditional ecological knowledge in tropical forest community: an application of seasonal calendar for different livelihood activities"
P2-07. Azizat Idowu Sunmonu (Japan) "Cost and compensation of cost: Revealing the carbon source for seed production in Gagea lutea.
P2-08. Chika Egawa (Japan) "Different responses of early and late colonizers to light and water in a post-mined peatland, northern Japan"
P2-09. Larry C.M. Lopez (Japan) "Forest fires effect on soil chemistry and carbon stocks in Central Yakutia, eastern Siberia"
P2-10. Masayuki Kondo (Japan) "Explicit Application of Biometric Observation to Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Optimization"
P2-11. Perry S. Ong (Philippines) "The Palanan Forest Dynamics Plot: Three Censuses and A Supertyphoon Later"
P2-12. Motomu Toda (Japan) "Inversion analysis of estimating interannual variability and its uncertainties in biotic and abiotic parameters of a terrestrial ecosystem model after wind disturbance"
P2-13. Parveen Kumar Chhetri (Japan) "Treeline ecotone dynamics of Abies spectabilis in Barun Valley, Eastern Nepal Himalaya"
P2-14. Sou Matsunaga (Japan) "Emission inventory for biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) in Japan"
P2-15. Misato Nagumo (Japan) "Change in Carbon stock in a managed natural mixed forest of northern Japan"
P2-16. Taiki Inoue (Japan) "The effects of tree species and environmental conditions on deadwood decomposition in a natural mixed forest in Japan"
P2-17. Xuebing Guo (China) "Approach and progress of CERN information management" P2-18. Taka Hirata (Japan) "Global distribution of phytoplankton functional types in the
oceans and its interannual changes" P2-19. Yongyut Trisurat (Thailand) "Identifying biodiversity hotspots in northern Thailand"
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ILTER Annual Coordinating Committee and Business Meeting (Thursday, 8th September & Friday, 9th September)
Thursday 8th September
ILTER Business Meetings – Day 1 Programme and Agenda
9.00 – 10.30 Regional meetings - EAP (Meeting room, Graduate School of Environmental Science) - Europe (to be confirmed, Large meeting room, Centennial Hall) - Rest of the World (to be confirmed, Small meeting room #1, Centennial Hall)
10:30 – 11:00 Break for coffee/tea etc ILTER 2011 Coordinating Committee Meeting
(Large meeting room, Centennial Hall) 11.00 – 11.15 Welcome and introductions 11.15 – 11.30 Adoption of agenda and maters arising from 2010 Minutes 11.30 – 11.45 Progress Towards Strategic Objectives
Report from the Chair 11.45 – 11.50 By-laws – do any of the by-laws need to be changed? 11.50 – 12.00 Inactive members
In-line with procedures agreed last year, there will be a motion to classify the following member networks as “inactive”:
• Zambia • Uruguay • Ukraine • Columbia
12.00 – 12.30 Elections - Election of Chair-elect - Election of Treasurer - Executive Committee and sub-committees
12:30 – 13:00 Member Networks Ratification of previous application for membership
LTER-Serbia (Vladimir Crnojevic) (Note: the case from Serbia was accepted in 2009 subject to a review in 2011. Serbia was asked to present its case in person and to demonstrate that it is a fully functional network).
New membership application
LTER-Chile (Juan Luis Celis Diez ) 13:00 – 14:00 LUNCH 14.00 – 15:15 Regional ILTER Progress Reports
- Europe (Michael Mirtl) - East Asia/Pacific (Eun-Shik Kim) - North America (Manuel Maass) - Central/South America - Southern Africa
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Thursday 8th September
ILTER Business Meetings – Day 1 Programme and Agenda (continued)
15.15 – 15.45 Organisation and fund-raising - Treasurer’s report - Subscription process - Secretariat planning - Decision on whether to proceed with the establishment of a permanent Secretariat
Recommendations and motions for adoption
15.45-16.15. Break for coffee/tea etc 16.15-17.00 Report from the Public/Policy Committee (Chair – Johan Pauw)
• Website – Andy Sier • Education – Saleit Ron • LTER Value – Elli Groner • Communication Strategy – Xiubo Yu • Marketing – Amani Saidi Recommendations and motions for adoption
17.00 - 17.10 Training - Summer schools - Other training events
17.10 – 17.30 Sharing knowledge from ILTER sites and networks • Publications • Synthesis on key science issues
Friday 9th September
ILTER 2011 Coordinating Committee Meeting – Day 2 Agenda (Large meeting room, Centennial Hall)
9:00 – 10.15 Report from the Science and program Sub-Committee (Chair - Patrick Bourgeron) - Progress on Ecosystem Services Project - ILTER’s Research Framework - agreement on research priorities and roles for 2010/11 - recommendations and motions for adoption
10.15-10.30 Participation in International Conferences
10.30-11.00 Coffee 11.00 -11.40 Report from the Information Management Sub-Committee (Chair- David
Blankman) - Progress on EML and metacats - Site database - agreement on development priorities and roles for 2010/11 Recommendations and motions for adoption
11.40-12.00 The Role of ILTER in the Establishment of a Global Network of Ecosystem Observatories (see supporting paper) - GEO & GEOSS/ GEO BON (Global Biodiversity Observation Network) - Background to the GEO BON task on ecosystem observatories - What needs to be done? - Should we do this? How? Who?
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Friday 9th September
ILTER 2011 Coordinating Committee Meeting – Day 2 Agenda (continued)
12.00 -12.30 Links with other programmes and initiatives - UNESCO/International Hydrological Program (report from Kinga Krauze) - IGBP/IHDP Global Land Project (Hideaki Shibata) - Network of Agricultural Research Sites (Jacques Baudry) - Others ?
12.30 – 13.30 LUNCH 13.30 -14.10 Achievements and impacts – discussion session
- Is ILTER achieving its objectives and what are its main achievements? - What should we do to make a bigger impact in the future?
14.10- 14.30 Capacity Building - Network Expansion Policy - Bilateral partnership building
14.30 – 14.45 Date and location of future meetings 2012 – Presentation on plans for the Portugal meeting (Margarida Santos-Reis) 2013 – suggestions for future meetings
14.45 – 14.50 Confirmation of Executive Committee & Sub-committee membership (if needed) - Meeting schedules
15:00 Meeting closes 18:00 – 20:00 Farewell dinner (Sapporo Aspen Hotel)
Papers to be circulated: 1. Minutes of 2010 Meeting 2. LTER-Chile application for membership 3. The Role of ILTER in the Establishment of a Global Network Ecosystem Observation Sites
Information on travel and stay Local transportation between New Chitose Airport and Sapporo City To go to Sapporo City from the airport, the easiest way is to take the Japan Railway (JR) train from the New
Chitose Airport Station to the Sapporo Station. The New Chitose Airport Station is directly connected to the basement floor of the center building of the airport. The fare is 1,040 yen. You can buy the ticket at ticket-vending machines; insert money to the machine and press
the button which shows the amount of ticket fare (1040). All trains will stop at the Sapporo Station. The bulletin board will show you the name of the trains, destinations, time and number of platform. Do not get off the train at Shin-Sapporo Station, a station where the train stops before arriving at the Sapporo Station. Keep the ticket until you get to the Sapporo station. It will take about 36 minutes. Time schedule of Hokkido Railway http://www.new-chitose-airport.jp/en/access/time/?dep (from the airport) http://www.new-chitose-airport.jp/en/access/time/?arr (to the airport).
Map of New Chitose airport http://www.new-chitose-airport.jp/en/tmap/
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Climate and clothes ILTER annual meeting 2011 will be held in Sapporo. Pre-meeting tour in Akkeshi and field trip to Tomakomai
are arranged. In September, it is cool and sometimes cold. See the figures below for monthly average of the minimum (blue lines) and maximum (red lines) daily temperatures in Tomakomai and Sapporo. The climate in Akkeshi is similar to that of in Tomakomai. In addition, there are many mosquitoes and other insects in the fields, so participants who attend the pre-meeting tour and field trip are recommended to wear long sleeve shirts, long pants, cap or hat and adjust clothes in case of hot weather. Suggested goods Outlet converter and electric converter for your laptop PC (We use the
voltage 100 and the type of the plug is A). Medicine (any addiction medicine, pain killer pills, stomach medicine,
etc.) Breakfast for international participants staying at Aspen Hotel
Sep. 5th & 6th 6:30 - 8:00 Sep. 7th to 10th 7:00 - 8:00 Sapporo Aspen Hotel: http://www.aspen-hotel.co.jp/english/
Lunch for international participants Served at Cafeteria in Centennial Hall: Sep. 5th 11:30 - 13:00 Sep. 6th 12:00 - 13:00 Sep. 8th 13:00 - 14:00 Sep. 9th 12:30 - 13:30
Maximum Minimum
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Guidance of field trip to Tomakomai Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University (JaLTER core-site) September 7, 2011 (one-day trip including lunch and dinner) Program 8:30 Departure from Sapporo Aspen Hotel 10:00 Lake Shikotsu 11:00 Arriving at Tomakomai Experimental Forest Forest Museum, Lunch (Lunch box) 12:30-15:30 Field trip (Deer enclosure, Canopy crane etc.) 15:30 Departure from TOEF 16:00 Bird sanctuary at Utonai marsh 17:00 Dinner at Sapporo Beer brewery and local cuisine restaurant (lamb barbecue) in Eniwa. 19:00 Departing for Sapporo 20:30 Arriving at Sapporo Aspen Hotel
General information
Tomakomai Experimental Forest (TOEF) was established in 1904, as a field of research and education about forest science through the transference of forest land from Hokkaido Prefecture to Sapporo Agricultural College, the forerunner of Hokkaido University.
In 1st April, 2001, the Botanic Garden, the Museum, the Livestock Farm, the Experimental Farms and the University Forests became independent from Faculty of Agriculture and joined the newly established The Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere. The Tomakomai Experimental Forest takes change of Forest Research Station of the center. The first working plan was formulated in 1906 and the first dormitory for students was built in 1910. Most of the present facilities were constructed within the last 30 years, The Forest Museum and the Forest Observation Tower in 1977, and the Administration Office of this forest instituted in 1979. The forest covers 2,715 ha of lowland area near the Tomakomai city, and it has been used as a study site in various fields of research and education for many years.
In TOEF are more than 100 species of trees and 230 species of herbs. Dominant species of natural forest includes Quercus crispula, Kalopanax pictus, Fraxinus mandshurica, some Acer tree, and some Betula trees. Fraxinus lanuginosa, Ostrya japonica, Populas maximowiczii, Tilia japonica, Prunus, Sorbus alnifolia, Alnus hirsute, and Cercidiphyllum japonicum are also commonly observed. Some coniferous trees like Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis are distributed in relatively low abundance mainly in disturbed area.
TOEF is located in the subarctic pluvial zone. The mean annual temperature is 6.5oC. The maximum and minimum temperature in a year is 28 and -28oC. The mean monthly temperature ranges from 19.1 to -3.2oC. It is relatively cool and damp in summer compared to other regions in Hokkaido. The annual precipitation is about 1,200 mm. Seventy percent of the whole precipitation concentrates to summer season, which decrease the sunshine time to the halves compared to other seasons. The average maximum snow depth is 20-50 cm. The maximum freeze depth reaches 30cm in the forest and 70 cm on bare grounds.
During the field trip, participants will visit the long-term and large-scale research sites for forest biodiversity, carbon cycling and budget, ecosystem structure and functions including the heat-cable manipulation experiments, CO2 flux tower, canopy crane and so on.
Recommended goods for the field trip: Rain gears (waterproof jacket, pants, boots, etc). TOEF web http://forest.fsc.hokudai.ac.jp/~exfor/Toef/hp_e/toef/top.html
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Pre-meeting tour to Akkeshi Marine Station A pre-meeting tour (with a short scientific session) will be held between 2nd-4th September at a wetland and coastal JaLTER-site in eastern Hokkaido (Akkeshi).
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Akkeshi Marine Station of Hokkaido University (AMS) is located on the shore of Akkeshi Bay, on the Pacific Coast of the eastern part of Hokkaido Island, Japan. It was established in 1931 for biological research on marine animals and plants in this region. Akkeshi Bay is connected with a shallow estuary, Akkeshi-ko, at the bayhead and with the Pacific Ocean at the bay mouth. Most of its coast is rocky shore, although it also has some sandy beaches. Akkeshi Bay is strongly affected by the cold current 'Oyashio' which flows down from Bering Sea through Kamchatka. This area and its vicinity have a rich fauna and flora of boreal species, which indicates characteristic features different from the other coastal areas of Japan. Program of pre-meeting tour. 2nd Sep. (Fri) Arrival at Akkeshi.
General guidance 19:00 Dinner in a hotel, enjoying local fresh seafood (such as oysters, saury and salmon), vegetables and
meats.
3rd Sep. (Sat) 9:00 Visiting AMS 9:30-12:00 Field excursion to coastal areas by Research Vessel “Misago-maru”, to watch remarkable
ecosystems like kelp forest and wildlife like a harbor seal population.
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3rd Sep. (continued)
12:30-13:30 Lunch at the dining room of the AML dormitory. 14:00-16:00 A short scientific session “LTER and integrated research on aquatic and marine ecosystems”
Masahiro Nakaoka and Hiromitsu Kamauchi (AMS, Hokkaido University) “Terrestrial-coastal ecosystem interactions in Akkeshi and surrounding areas” Mark Page (UC Santa Barbara)
”Origin and trophic fate of particulate organic matter in kelp forest ecosystems” General Discussion on the related topics
18:00 Dinner at "Akkeshi Mikaku Terminal Conchiglie", a local restaurant in Akkeshi town. 4th Sep. (Sun)
8:00 – 12:00 Field excursion (by bus) to wetland ecosystems in Bekanbeushi and Kushiro mires 12:00 – 13:00 Lunch at “Washo” a local fish market in Kushiro 13:25 – 17:17 Transfer to Sapporo by train
!!Notes!!
There are NO store or hospital around Akkeshi Marine Station. Especially, if you have any medicines that you take daily, please make sure to bring them with you.
Recommended goods Rain gears (waterproof jacket, pants, boots, etc). Towels and toiletries for stays in dormitory (shaver, face wash, tooth brash and paste, shampoo, etc.)
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Abstracts Plenary Session for Day 1 On the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Results from a global network of large-scale forest plots. Stuart J. Davies (Center for Tropical Forest Science-Smithsonian Global Earth Observatory)
Tropical deforestation continues at around 13 million hectares per year. This and other land-use change in the tropics contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, reduces the ability of forest to regulate climates, and threatens many species that are known only from tropical rain forests. Over the past 28 years the Center for Tropical Forest Science has implemented a standardized system for monitoring the diversity and dynamics of tropical forests. Forty plots of 16-148 hectares have been established in 21 countries across the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. Every tree with a stem diameter ≥1 cm is mapped, measured, identified, and monitored. This international collaboration, involving hundreds of scientists from dozens of institutions, is now monitoring the growth and survival of 3.5 million trees in over 8,200 species – over 15% of all known tropical tree species. These data provide a basis for determining: (i) forces maintaining diversity, and (ii) the response of trees and forest ecosystems to the Earth’s changing climate. In this talk, I will discuss some of the key findings of the global network and describe progress with expanding the network to temperate forests.
Three main hypotheses have been proposed to explain how so many kinds of tropical tree species can coexist in a small area: (i) that tree survival and reproduction do not depend on neighbor identity, but that diversity represents a balance between speciation and random extinction, (ii) that species are highly specialized to different microhabitats, and (iii) that each tree species is kept rare by specialized pests and pathogens. Numerous studies across CTFS plots demonstrate that a tree survives better or grows faster where it has fewer neighboring conspecifics. Conspecifics apparently exchange specialist pests more readily when they are closer together.
Over periods up to 30 years, many CTFS forests have been very dynamic. Some change is directly attributable to rare long-periodicity disturbance events (e.g., drought or fire), and some change is directional and may be a response to global climate change. CTFS has embarked on two major initiatives to strengthen our ability to address the dual issues of forest diversity and change: (1) establishment of large plots in temperate forests, and (2) intensified sampling of forest processes within plots, including subannual carbon monitoring, insect monitoring, and assessment of functional traits for all species. Networking long-term studies to assess coastal ecosystem changes in the United States Mark Page and Dan Reed (UC Santa Barbara)
Predicted effects of climate change in the ocean include alterations in the frequency and intensity of storms, increased temperature, sea level rise, and ocean acidification, all of which are expected to vary regionally. High quality, long-term datasets needed to evaluate the impacts of these changes on marine ecosystems are scarce. The nine coastal sites belonging to the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) network are working to fill this void by using long-term measurements and experiments to investigate a variety of ecological issues in a wide range of biomes including: salt marshes and estuaries, polar environments, kelp forests, eastern boundary currents, coral reefs, and highly urbanized shores. A major focus of the US LTER Network’s ongoing research is on the potential consequences of climate change and
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the data obtained from the diverse suite of ecosystems and latitudes encompassed by the nine coastal sites in the US LTER Network should aid in evaluating the generality of predictions concerning the ecological effects of climate change in the ocean. Examples of climate related research being conducted at these sites include: the effects of increased storm activity, sedimentation and nutrient delivery on foundation species and their associated communities, the responses of estuarine vegetation to sea level rise, the cascading consequences of reduced sea ice cover resulting from ocean warming on Antarctic foodwebs, and the effects of ocean acidification on skeletal growth of corals and other calcifying organisms. A major strength of this network approach is the coordination and integration of research on common ecological themes across a diverse array of biomes, which facilitates broad synthesis.
How can LTER contribute to impact assessment of catastrophe in coastal area? Masahiro Nakaoka (Hokkaido University)
Impact assessment of unpredictable catastrophic events such as volcano eruptions and tsunamis is quite difficult due to a lack of sufficient quantitative data on ecosystems prior to these disturbances. Long-term ecological data at disturbed sites, if they exist, would greatly facilitate quantitative evaluation of impacts through comparisons of data taken before and after events.
The Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was hit by a tsunami on Dec. 26, 2004. Here, we have been monitoring seagrass ecosystems since 2001, which gave us an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the impact. We found great impacts of the tsunami on seagrass bed communities at some sites, but negligible effect in other sites. The variable nature of tsunami impacts was possibly influenced by geography, geology and physical oceanographic conditions. To this end, having a small set of long-term data is not effective for the comprehensive understanding of the tsunami impacts over broad scales. Networking of long-term data, which is one of the goals of ILTER, would greatly facilitate such impact assessment.
Coastal sites of JaLTER have been playing an important role in establishing and managing “Monitoring Site 1000 Coastal Ecosystem Project”, i.e., a long-term monitoring of coastal ecosystems across whole bioregions of Japan. Several monitoring sites were heavily affected by the recent earthquake and tsunami on March 11th, 2011. Monitoring after the catastrophe has been ongoing, which will elucidate the impacts at different localities and different habitat types. Furthermore, a variety of post-disaster research on coastal ecosystem has been planned by different organizations and institutions. Integrated analyses of data collected by these field projects as well as remote sensing/GIS analyses will lead to comprehensive evaluation of the disaster impact, which is necessary for effective rehabilitation plans. Networks of ILTER, with their high abilities of integrated data management and analysis, will contribute to such activities in any parts of the world. JAXA's Satellite Program and Commitment for Long-term Ecology Kenlo Nishida Nasahara (JAXA/EORC, Univ. Tsukuba)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is conducting integrative ecological research in cooperation with JaLTER, JapanFlux, and JAMSTEC. The collaboration of these four organizations/networks, which is called “J-Community,” covers not only the field ecology but also the water/carbon cycle, modelling, and satellite remote sensing. Currently we are working on several global ecology programs, such as carbon cycle study for utilizing JAXA's future satellite “GCOM-C” and landcover study by using JAXA's advanced satellite “ALOS/Daichi.” These programs rely heavily on the integrated long-term field data collected by JaLTER, JapanFlux, and other field networks.
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Workshop 1 Evaluating ecosystem services and indicators 1. Effective monitoring at LTER-sites for global change research and nature conservation – concepts and indicators Stefan Klotz, Cornelia Baessler, Mark Frenzel & Martin Musche
Presently, numerous monitoring and observation schemes exist in environmental sciences and for nature conservation at the global, European as well as the national level. Most of the concepts are founded on different theoretical models as well as on different methods. Monitoring and observation schemes are mostly very individualistic or strongly targeted to very specific aims and tasks. We are still far away from harmonized methods and concepts. A comprehensive theoretical background is still missing. A theoretically well-defined model is necessary to meet the challenges of global environmental change.
Different global schemes as well as European concepts will be discussed and compared. Three general concepts, the DPSIR-concept of the European Environmental Agency (EEA), the concept of bioindication and environmental monitoring and the concept of ecosystem integrity and ecosystem services are analyzed in detail. Additionally, the presently used indicators and sets of indicators are compared and evaluated in terms of importance for research, environmental control and in terms of spatial and temporal resolution.
Using case studies from Germany and Europe the strengths and weaknesses of different monitoring schemes are determined and possible solutions are discussed. The special focus is on environmental monitoring in general, on the monitoring following the recommendations of the CBD and on monitoring concepts in nature conservation and for LTER-infrastructures. First results of new approaches will be presented from German LTER-sites as well as from different protected sites. The monitoring of climate change impacts will be explained in detail. 2. Evaluation of climate change impacts on ecosystem services at LTER-sites in Finland Martin Forsius (Finnish Environment Institute)
Ecosystems generate a range of goods and services important for human well-being, collectively called ecosystem services. It has proven difficult to move from general pronouncements about the tremendous benefits nature provides to people to credible, quantitative estimates of ecosystem service values. Furthermore, climate change provides a major challenge for the sustainable management of the key ecosystem services and therefore sector-specific adaptation measures are needed. These adaptation measures have to be based on the understanding of (i) the likelihood of change, (ii) vulnerability of the specific sectors to the predicted change, and (iii) knowledge about the local-scale possibilities for adaptation.
A large EU/Life+ funded project (VACCIA, www.environment.fi/syke/vaccia) based on the Finnish LTER-network (www.environment.fi/syke/lter) is currently on-going (2009-2011). The presentation will summarise main results on modelling of climate change impacts and assessment of potential adaption measures on key ecosystem services: Agricultural production, forest production and C-sequestration, water services and fishery production, and nature based tourism. Tools for information management and assessment of remote sensing data were also developed. Results of the project will be used for development of the national climate change adaptation strategy.
3. Large Infrastructures as LTER Opportunities: the Sabor Hydroelectric System (NE Portugal)
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Pedro Beja (CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal)
Large infrastructures such as dams and roads are associated with negative ecological impacts. Although great effort is often devoted to assess, mitigate and monitor such impacts, these studies are rarely seen as opportunities to undertake long-term ecological research. As a consequence, years to decades of assessments and monitoring end up hidden in grey literature outside the scrutiny of the wide scientific community. This is regrettable in our increasingly human-dominated world, where thorough understanding of ecological patterns and processes in ecosystems modified by large infrastructures is needed, in order to provide critical lessons for infrastructure planning, building, operation, and impact mitigation. Infrastructures may also be regarded as large-scale and long-term experiments, providing the opportunity to test fundamental ecological hypothesis. Here a LTER project designed to meet these challenges is presented, which involves a partnership with a large private company (EDP) and uses the building of a hydroelectric dam in NE Portugal to undertake research on the ecological consequences of infrastructure development and its associated biodiversity offsets over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The approach to turn this infrastructure development into a LTER project is presented, focusing on some key aspects such as: (i) building of a baseline from pre-construction environmental assessments (e.g., archaeology, socio-economy, ecology); (ii) development of monitoring schemes lasting from the beginning of dam construction (2008) through the lifetime of the concession (about 70 years); (iii) planning, implementation and monitoring of biodiversity compensation schemes as ecological manipulative experiments; (iv) partnerships with Universities for the development of complementary research associated with PhD and MSc program; and (v) creation of a public WebSIG database of ecological data. The value of this approach to generate significant ecological understanding and to provide practical guidance for mitigating impacts of large infrastructures is discussed.
Workshop 2
Remote sensing of ecosystem dynamics 1. Deriving information on ecosystem dynamics with remote sensing Saku Anttila, Mikko Kervinen, Pekka Härmä, Martin Forsius (Finnish Environment Institute)
Remote sensing allows unceasing observation of environment over extensive areas and enables the monitoring and comparison of different ecosystems located at geographically distant areas. Temporal dimension can be gained by contemplating series of interpreted remote sensing images and furthermore, this kind of seasonal monitoring can be extended to different land use classes by using auxiliary data sources. Thus remote sensing can be used to study how climate driven changes take place within and between ecosystems located in different parts of Finland. In the remote sensing work of VACCIA-project (Vulnerability Assessment of ecosystem services for Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, EU/Life+) objective was to deliver spatially extensive information on the temporal changes occurring in land cover. Specifically, we concentrated on the annual and inter-annual changes in the snow and green vegetation coverage in ecosystems delimited with the drainage basin borders and different land cover classes. Major data source was a set of daily Terra/MODIS satellite images from the years 2001-2008. This instrument by NASA (National Aeoronautics and Space Administration) has a medium spatial resolution (250m – 1000m). Satellite images were interpreted to snow covered area and green vegetation index (NDVI) estimates and using this data we extracted, filtered and modeled time series from each drainage basin and land cover class. Required information was the duration of brown period i.e. the time period after the snow melt and before the green vegetation growth. During this period, soil is especially vulnerable for erosion and nutrient
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leaching to the water systems and therefore this information is valuable in the catchment and leaching modeling. 2. Ground-truthing and ecological examination of satellite remote sensing data for accurate detection of spring and autumn phenology in deciduous broad-leaved forests Shin Nagai (JAMSTEC), Takeshi Motohka (JAXA), Hideki Kobayashi (JAMSTEC), Rikie Suzuki (JAMSTEC), Hiroyuki Muraoka (Gifu Univ.), Kenlo Nishida Nasahara (Univ. of Tsukuba) and Taku M Saitoh (Gifu Univ.)
Satellite remote-sensing (S-RS) is an useful tool to detect the timings of leaf-expansion and -falling (spring and autumn phenology) from plot to global scales. However, to improve the accuracy of spring and autumn phenology detection, we need to ask for more ground-truthing and ecological examination of S-RS data comprehensively. First, we examined the detection criteria for spring and autumn phenology by performing a field study in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan. Second, we analysed the spatio-temporal variability of spring and autumn phenology in Japan by applying our detection criteria. Finally, we tested the generality and robustness of our detection criteria by using web cam images in four deciduous broad-leaved forests in Japan. In the spring, the S-RS based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value of 0.7 and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) value of 0.4 satisfied the detection criterion for spring phenology. In autumn, the S-RS based green-red vegetation index (GRVI) value of 0.0 satisfied the detection criterion for autumn phenology. On the other hand, we also found that wrong evaluations of spring and autumn phenology were caused by noise or missing data in the time-series of vegetation indices due to cloud contamination in S-RS data. Our findings indicate that improvement of cloud screening and interpolating in S-RS data improves the accuracy of spring and autumn phenology detection in deciduous broad-leaved forests. Workshop 3 Diversity and functions in terrestrial ecosystems 1. Plant Diversity, Status and Conservation Initiatives in Three Mountain Ecosystems in Southern Philippines Victor B. Amoroso and Fulgent P. Coritico (Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, Philippines)
This research describes the vegetation types, determines the diversity, assesses the conservation status and records the distribution of vascular plants in three mountain ecosystems in Mindanao, Southern Philippines. Representative specimens were pressed, dried, poisoned and mounted as herbarium vouchers. To determine the index of general diversity for trees, 20x20 m sampling plots were established per vegetation type, and in each sampling plot, a 5x5 m sub-plot was laid to determine the species diversity for pteridophytes. Transect walk and sampling plots in 3 mountain ecosystems revealed several vegetation types with Mt. Malindang having 9 types, Mt. Hamiguitan with 5 types and Mt. Kitanglad with 3 types. Species richness was highest in Mt. Malindang (1,164 spp.), followed by Mt. Hamiguitan (878 spp.) and the lowest in Mt. Kitanglad (661 spp.). The same trend was observed when the diversity values of the 3 mountain ecosystems were computed. Regardless of the kind of mountain ecosystem, the montane vegetation had high species richness and diversity values than the dipterocarp and mossy forests. Assessment of conservation status revealed that Mt. Kitanglad had the highest number of threatened species (92 spp.) while the two other mountain ecosystems, Mt. Malindang and Mt. Hamiguitan had 34 and 35 threatened species each, respectively. As to endemism, it
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showed that Mt. Hamiguitan had high endemism (34 %) than Mt. Kitanglad (21%) and Mt, Malindang (16%). Moreover, the 3 mountain ecosystems showed 64 species as new record in Mindanao and 21 species in the Philippines while 2 species of Nepenthes are new to science. Ex-situ conservation initiatives were done to protect the remaining threatened and endemic species of plants and their habitats. Keywords: species richness, assessment, ex-situ and in-situ conservation, protected areas 2. Seasonal patterns of nitrate concentration in forest streams: Geographical comparisons of controlling factors Nobuhito Ohte (University of Tokyo), Naoko Tokuchi and Masamitsu Fujimoto (Kyoto University)
In recent two decades, the seasonal variation of nitrate discharge from forested ecosystems has been increasingly focused by ecologists and hydrologists as a diagnostic indicator of the nutrient status of ecosystems. Major factors controlling the seasonal patterns of stream nitrate concentrations include seasonal variations in (i) nutrient demands of plants and microbes, (ii) solute transport capability of the hydrological condition, and (iii) in-stream nutrient usage and supply. In this study, we attempted to show how case studies have helped to elucidate the dominant controlling factors by comparing data from Japanese catchments with previously compiled data from studies in North America and Europe, and explain the different influences of hydrological and biogeochemical controls exert in rainy summer regions (Japanese catchments under the Asian monsoon climate) and dry summer regions (sites in the northeast United States and Europe). The seasonal variation of hydrological conditions is a predominant controlling factor in Japanese forests, whereas it has been considered that nutrient demand may predominate in the northeast United States and Europe. We, ecologists and hydrologists have to recognize that it is important to compare seasonal patterns among different climate regions to obtain more universal explanations of the seasonal variation in stream nitrate concentration. In addition, multi-scale investigations will be strongly needed to provide insight into the relative contribution of hillslope biogeochemical effects and the influences of in-stream biological activities. 3. Geographic pattern of recruitment and mortality rates of Japanese tree species: preliminary results from the Monitoring Sites 1000 project Satoshi Suzuki (Japan Wildlife Research Center)
The Monitoring Sites 1000 project, one of the largest LTER projects in Japan, is aimed to detect signs of ecosystem change by long-term monitoring surveys that accumulate and analyze quantitative data on various types of ecosystems throughout Japan. The Forest and grassland survey of the project was initiated in 2004 and has conducted tree censuses at 1- or 5-year intervals in 49 sites. Preliminary analysis on the data of tree census showed a trend suggesting that distribution ranges of each tree species may be moving further north and higher altitudes: stem recruitment rates for broadleaved species were basically higher in sites with lower mean annual temperature (MAT), and stem mortality rates tended to be lower in sites with lower MAT. These results consist with the expected response of species to climate change although there are still other explanations. More detailed analysis and further accumulation of data should be needed to reveal the mechanism of the geographic pattern of tree species demography. Workshop 4 Monitoring marine and freshwater ecosystems 1. Latitudinal comparison of fish community structure and production in seagrass beds in the western North Pacific
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Jun SHOJI (Hiroshima University), Atsushi Fukuta (Hiroshima University) and Masakazu HORI (Fisheries Research Agency) Seagrass bed has been considered as an ecosystem which supports high species diversity and high
biological production. Fish production accounts for large amount of the provisioning services although information on quantitative data of fish community and production in natural ecosystem has been very limited. Investigation on spatial and temporal variability in fish community structures and production is indispensable for sustainable use of the biological resources of the coastal ecosystems in the future. Biological and physical surveys were conducted in seagrass beds located at sub-tropical to sub-arctic areas in Japan, the western North Pacific. Fish were sampled with a round seine (4 mm mesh) at 8 sites from March to September 2009. Water temperature, salinity, seagrass shoot density and leaf length were measured at each fish sampling. Planktonic invertebrates were collected with a plankton net (0.1 mm mesh) in the seagrass beds. Stomach contents of fish were processed for analysis of feeding habits and trophic flows. Number of fish species and fish biomasss (g 100m-2) was highest at the northernmost site (Iwate Prefecture), followed by the sites in Seto Inland Sea. Based on the general relationship between fish growth and water temperature, fish production was estimated to be the highest at the northernmost site during the period when seagrass grow. Fish communities of the northern sites were tend to be dominated by species which highly depend on a trophic flow originating from benthic algae while those of the southern sites were dominated by species which highly depend on a trophic flow originating from phytoplankton.
2. Environmental and/or biodiversity monitorings in freshwater systems of Asian countries Shin-ichi Nakano Biodiversity crisis in freshwater environments is at the worst among that in other natural systems. To
identify the reason for the crisis in freshwater environments, and to conduct better conservation and management, we must urgently collect the information about the status quo of freshwater environments through appropriate environmental monitoring, together with compiling the data already collected by and independently stored at individual institutions. In the present talk, I introduce environmental monitorings in Asian freshwater systems with special reference to biodiversity and some world-wide monitoring networks on Asian freshwaters. In Japan, more than 3000 public waters including rivers, streams, lakes and coastal seas are monitored by national or local governments with Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for health and basic limnological items which mainly consist of physico-chemical parameters. However, biological parameters included as EQS for health and basic limnological items are very limited. Since most nuisance environmental problems in freshwater systems are due to massive growth of microalgae or cyanobacteria, the monitoring of those microorganisms is essential for the better management of ecosystems for the sustainable existence of human beings and other living organisms. In addition, many local governments in Japan have already decided to reduce the budget for environmental monitoring in public waters. So, now we have the crisis for biodiversity monitoring in Japanese aquatic systems, and this may also be the case for other Asian countries. Nevertheless, environmental monitorings in Asian freshwaters have been actively conducted, and we already have strong world-wide networks which may serve as link among the monitorings. It should be noted that the fruits (data) derived from the monitorings which are not included in those networks are still individually or independently stored, and this is probably dominant in environmental monitorings in freshwater systems. In addition, we should think about quality assurance/control on collected data.
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Plenary Session for Day 2 Vulnerability, Sustainability, and Resilience of Ecosystems Hideaki Shibata (Filed Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido Univ., Japan) Understandings of interaction and feedback mechanisms in the coupled human-environment system under
global climate and economic changes are key research challenges to develop the future directions for sustainable society by the reduction of the vulnerability and the increase of the resilience in the system against various natural and anthropogenic disturbances with the multiple spatial and temporal scales. Strength of ILTER (International Long-Term Ecological Research Network) is global network of research sites and scientists which conduct long-term studies on ecosystem structure, functioning, services and biodiversity. Therefore, the extension from ecological studies in ILTER network to the more integrated coupled human and ecosystem studies including socio-economic dimensions would produce unique and novel contribution in the international levels to the current global research trends on the sustainability (e.g. ESSGS). The development of outstanding research questions and hypothesis, identification of the indicators for the coupled systems and the creation of the analytical and assessment framework in the multiple spatial scales (i.e. individual sites, country levels, regional and global scales) would be essential in the successful research initiative. This plenary presentation will introduce the current needs and direction on the global sustainability through the activities of related international program including Global Land Project (GLP) and so on, and will address and facilitate the discussion and planning of the possible ILTER’s contribution. Introduction to International Ecosystem Management Partnership, a Newly Joint Initiative of UNEP and Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiubo YU (secretary general of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network) and Jian Liu (Director of UNEP International Ecosystem Management Partnership) The International Ecosystem Management Partnership (IEMP) is a joint initiative of the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). It is defined as the ‘China-based International Centre focusing on science and policy interface on issues of ecosystem management in all developing countries’. It is the first UNEP collaborative centre in the south and for the south. Its core mandate is to synthesis science findings for decision-making on ecosystem management and three subsequent inter-related initiatives: Monitoring and Capacity Building, Integrated Knowledge Management, Science for Policy. The significant characteristic of IEMP is its interaction with the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network
(CERN), as CERN integrates all main functions of monitoring, research, demonstration and policy support into its mandates in all its field stations and centres, and serves multiple users, scientists, managers and stewards of the ecosystems. IEMP currently is working on different projects in Africa, Great Mekong Sub region and global developing
regions, with research themes of methods and capacity studies on ecosystem management, Ecosystem Based Adaptation, Climate Change Adaptation and its capacity building, REDD etc. IEMP cordially welcome partners to join us in this endeavor. Posters for Day 1 P1-01. Ecophysiological, micrometeorological and spectral observations of canopy photosynthesis in a cool-temperate deciduous forest, Takayama site (Japan)
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H. Muraoka (Gifu Univ.), H. Noda (Univ. Tsukuba), S. Nagai (JAMSTEC), T.M. Saitoh (Gifu Univ.), T. Motooka (JAXA), K.N. Nasahara (Univ. Tsukuba), N. Saigusa (NIES) Interdisciplinary approach, named "Satellite Ecology", has been conducted in a cool-temperate deciduous
broadleaf forest ecosystem, Takayama site (Japan). The major objectives of this approach are (1) to understand seasonal and interannual variations in canopy photosynthesis and net ecosystem production (NEP) from an ecophysiological viewpoint, (2) to validate the spectral information of the canopy for accurate remote sensing of forest canopy processes, and (3) to utilize these knowledge and observation technique for cross-scale research on forest ecosystem structure and functions ranging from plot to landscape scale. Seasonal and multi-year measurements of leaf photosynthetic capacity and forest leaf area index (LAI) revealed that those forest characteristics and temporal changes are largely responsible for the interannual variation in canopy photosynthesis (gross primary production, GPP). Combined analysis of canopy photosynthesis and in situ vegetation indices (VIs; NDVI, EVI, etc.), which are obtained from canopy spectral measurements, revealed that VIs are useful to estimate the canopy processes but still we need careful examinations for these relationships. These approaches are now expanded to some "super-sites" in Japan, which contribute to JaLTER and JapanFlux/AsiaFlux networks. Recently the interdisciplinary vision is linked to the 'In-situ / remote sensing integration study' in biodiversity observation activity in Japan and Asia-Pacific (Biodiversity Observation Network, BON) as well as to the development of data-analysis algorithm for the forth-coming earth observation satellite "GCOM-C" (JAXA). We believe our activities will contribute to networking the networks for future ecosystem sciences.
P1-02. Biological specimens tell us a centurial history of ecosystem alterations in the ancient Lake Biwa Noboru Okuda (Ctr Ecol Res, Kyoto Univ), Takefumi Komiya (Dept Zool, Kyoto Univ), Yoshikazu Kato (Dept General Syst Studies, Univ Tokyo), Yutaka Okuzaki (Dept Zool, Kyoto Univ), Michio Hori (Dept Zool, Kyoto Univ), Ichiro Tayasu (Ctr Ecol Res, Kyoto Univ) & Toshi Nagata (Atmos Ocean Res Inst, Univ Tokyo) All over the world, there are no longer lakes free from anthropogenic disturbances. Especially, local human
activities, such as eutrophication, habitat destruction, overfishing and species invasion, have strong impacts on the lake ecosystems. For the ecosystem management, it is an urgent task to assess how each of these human activities can alter ecosystem structure and functioning. Although a traditional approach to monitor the long-term dynamics of the lake ecosystems is based on archival data on water chemistry and physics, such a data is just a facet of the whole ecosystem feature. In contrast, archival biological specimens may provide us with a holistic view of the contemporaneous ecosystem because a variety of ecological information is recorded in their tissues in the form of chemical components. Here we applied nitrogen stable isotope analysis (SIA) for archival specimens collected from Lake Biwa, in which local human population drastically increased and consequently serious environmental problems appeared during the 20th century, in order to reconstruct its past ecosystem feature, especially food web properties. The SIA revealed that sedimentary and organismal δ15N became enriched in the 1970’s when eutrophication occurred, suggesting that algal δ15N was enriched by denitrification. During this period, fishes increased their trophic level (TL) calculated from basal and their δ15N, possibly due to increased availability of animal preys though the bottom-up effect of eutrophication. With the further progress of eutrophication, however, their TL declined in the 1980’s. In the 1990’s when exotic predators propagated and forage fishes and shrimps decreased their abundance, native predators had the lowest TL. More recently, many fish species have recovered from a decline of their TL, with the increasing efforts for a local government to rehabilitate the lake ecosystem. In conclusion, the SIA for archival specimens is a useful and powerful tool to monitor the long-term ecosystem dynamics.
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P1-03. Contribution of environmental determinism and stochasticity to the coexistence of temperate riparian tree species Kazuhiko Hoshizaki (Akita Prefectural Univ.), Takashi Masaki (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute), Katsuhiro Osumi (FFPRI Kansai), Kazunori Takahashi (FFPRI), Kenji Mastune (Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd.), and Wajirou Suzuki (FFPRI) An increasing number of studies suggest that most communities are expected to be both niche- and
chance-determined to varying extents, but empirical evidence still remains scarce. Riparian forest is characterized by higher heterogeneity of forest floor microenvironment, which has been generated by fluvial disturbances. We hypothesized that riparian tree species coexistence is mainly deterministic due to the fluvial disturbance and that regeneration of strongly deterministic species is influenced more by the disturbance regime. By studying 10 canopy species in a temperate riparian forest, we tested these hypotheses. We monitored seed rain, subsequent seedling emergence, and first-year survival of seedlings at 177 locations over 13 years. Eight environmental factors were also quantified at each location, and seedling emergence and establishment of each species were regressed against these factors. Regression models explained 6-51% of variance for emergence and 8-38% for establishment, with a similar strength of stochasticity for all species, indicating a difficulty of excluding chance mechanisms. Nevertheless, factors influencing regeneration segregated between species; influential factors involved forest floor heterogeneity such as rooting substrates (mineral soils, gravel deposits) and microtopographic convexity, whereas enemy-related factors and light availability were less important for both emergence and establishment. We then analysed relationship between species life history traits and the degree of deterministic regeneration. Several traits showed regeneration-disturbance correlates, such that species that were strongly governed by forest floor heterogeneity had larger fecundity, larger seed dissemination ability, and lower recruits into adult population. This correlate appeared to be adaptive in exploiting the limited opportunity provided by less frequent but more destructive fluvial disturbances. These results are consistent with the regeneration niche hypothesis.
P1-04. Seed dispersal limitation facilitate species coexistence in temperate forests: Comparison among three forests in Japan T. Masaki (FFPRI), T. Nakashizuka (Tohoku Univ), M. Shibata (FFPRI), Y. Kominami (Shizuoka Univ), D. Nagamatsu (Tottori Univ), K. Hoshizaki (Akita Pref. Univ), D. Hoshino (FFPRI), T. Manabe (Kitakyusyu Museum) Seed dispersal patterns of trees could determine spatial distribution of seed rain, subsequent mortality, and
consequently, structure and dynamics of forest community. We test this prediction using 12-years data of seed rain (seed traps more than 100) and distribution and fate of new seedlings (quadrats paired with the seed traps) at three forests: An evergreen forest dominated by trees with fleshy fruits, a deciduous forest mainly dominated by trees with wind-dispersed seeds, and a deciduous forest dominated by trees with acorns (i.e., Faguceae). First, mortality of dispersed seeds and new seedlings was modeled by logistic model using biotic factors (distance to or density of to conspecifics) and abiotic factors (light condition, soil moisture, substrate composition, etc.) as explanatory variables. Second, various seed dispersal patterns were simulated for every species (observed, uniform, and random), and resulting distribution of survived seedlings were expected by the model estimated above. By these analysis, we assess whether observed dispersal patterns facilitate coexistence of tree species or not.
P1-05. Impacts of concentrated heavy rains on the coastal ecosystem Tomoko YAMAMOTO & Ryuta TERADA (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University) Impacts of natural disaster on the ecosystem are hardly estimated because accidents occur unexpectedly.
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However, the frequency of concentrated heavy rains increased recently in many parts of the world even in temperate zone where people have not received heavy rain. It is presumably caused by globally climate change. These accidents are expected to have severe impacts on coastal ecosystem because of geographical changes in the estuaries, inflow of sediment, turbid water and washing out organisms and their substratum. The border area between subtropical and temperate seems to be affected by this kind of accidents most frequently because weather is most sensitive to climate change here. The monitoring points to estimate impacts of natural disaster caused by climate change should be set in some different habitats of coastal communities, e.g., mud flat, sea grass bed and seaweed bed, should be set in this border area. In the presentation, we will report some researches in which we could recognize the change of habitat condition or animal and plant community in coastal area caused by heavy rains in the south part of Japan, around the border between subtropical and temperate zone. P1-06. Estimating the mean transit time of streamwater using long term chloride concentration change following forest cutting at Fukuroyamasawa experimental watershed in Japan Tomoki Oda (University of Tokyo), Nobuhito Ohte (University of Tokyo), Norifumi Hotta (Tsukuba University), Eiichi Maita (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Tomohiro Egusa (University of Tokyo), Masakazu Suzuki (University of Tokyo) Transit time, i.e., the time subsurface water spends within a catchment, is a fundamental parameter that
provides information on the storage, flow pathways, and source of water in a catchment. Although transit time is one of the most important characteristics used to describe the hydrology of a catchment, successful methods for its estimation have been limited. In this study we evaluated a method of estimating the transit time distribution in a catchment using long term data of streamwater Cl- concentrations following forest clear-cutting at Fukuroyamasawa experimental watershed. Fukuroyamasawa experimental watershed is a mountainous forested small watershed located in the
University Forest in Chiba, the University of Tokyo, Japan. The watershed consists of two inner watersheds named WS-A (0.8 ha) and WS-B (1.1 ha). Ws-B was clear-cut in spring 1999, and young trees were planted in 2000. In this site, data of precipitation, water yield, groundwater level, meteorological have been collected from 1992, and water quality data of precipitation, stremwater have been collected from 1998. Measured Cl- concentrations in stream water began to decrease immediately after clear-cutting, and this
trend continued for 6 years. The decrease in stream water Cl- concentrations was caused mainly by this decrease in the Cl- input. It was proposed that the change in streamwater Cl- concentrations after forest cutting could be used to represent the replacement of “old” water that existed before cutting by “new” water that was supplied after cutting. The breakthrough curve for the new water fraction gave an approximately exponential distribution of transit times. The mean transit time could be estimated as 1068 days. We showed that the long term change in stream Cl- concentrations following forest clear-cutting could be successfully used to estimate transit times for the entire catchment. P1-07. Comparison study in carbon budget over two different cool-temperate forests in Takayama, Japan, using an ecosystem model Taku M. Saitoh (Gifu Univ.), Jun Yoshino (Gifu Univ.), Hiroyuki Muraoka (Gifu Univ.), Nobuko Saigusa (NIES), Ichiro Tamagawa (Gifu Univ.) Understanding the carbon budget and the environmental response in several forest types is crucial to
predicting future carbon cycling under changing climate in Japan and East Asia. The deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen coniferous forests in a cool-temperate region are major forest types in Japan. The comparison
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of the carbon budget over those two different forest types experiencing the same microclimatic conditions, therefore, provides us with the advancement in our knowledge on carbon cycle in Japan. To reveal the differences in the carbon budgets between two forest types, we applied two extreme climatic conditions in model simulations (NCAR/LSM): One condition is relatively warm end of cool-temperate zone (i.e. 800 m a.s.l., 9.4 °C of annual average temperature and about 1600 mm in annual average precipitation), the other condition is relatively cold end of cool-temperate zone (i.e. 1400 m a.s.l., 7.2 °C of annual average temperature, and about 2200 mm in annual average precipitation). The model was validated using carbon budget such as gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net primary production (NPP) with tower-based flux and biometric data at two AsiaFlux sites; TKY and TKC. The model estimations showed reasonable seasonal patterns and annual cumulative values. In both microclimatic conditions, the annual values of GPP, RE and Light Use Efficiency (LUE) in the evergreen coniferous forest were clearly greater than those in the deciduous broad-leaved forest. Our findings suggest that the evergreen coniferous forest, compared with the deciduous broad-leaved forest, may have high metabolic activities in the cool-temperate region in Japan.
P1-08. Long-term influences of insect defoliation on the N budget of a pine forest watershed in central Japan Naoko Tokuchi (Kyoto University), Nobuhito Ohte (University of Tokyo), Ken’ichi Osaka (University of Shiga Prefecture) and Masanori Katsuyama (Kyoto University) Pine wilt disease (PWD), non-native pest has spread extensively through Japan. Previous research
indicated that most infected trees died and the litter deposited resulted in changes to stream water chemistry, particularly increased nitrate (NO3
-) concentrations. Based on long-term monitoring, the stream-water NO3-
concentration increased for over 16 years following PWD. The annual N leakage via stream water as NO3-
was estimated from 90.0 mol N ha-1 yr-1 in 1990 to 734.3 mol N ha-1 yr-1 in 1997, then decrease to 37.0 mol N ha-1 yr-1 in 2005. Total N leakage throughout 16 years of research was estimated at 4098 mol N ha-1, and N loss due to PWD was 3136 mol N ha-1 (76.4%). During the 16-year study period, total N loss due to PWD was five times larger than baseline N export irrespective of PWD. However, total N leakage corresponded to 55.5% of deposited litter N due to PWD, and nearly half (44.5%) of deposited N due to PWD was retained in the forest ecosystem. The retention ratio was comparable to those in previous studies and was likely due to immobilization of soil microbes and abiotic fixation in soil. Hence, total N loss due to PWD was equivalent to 6 years of atmospheric deposited N in this area. Insect defoliation was the main process of N allocation change in this forest ecosystem. Increased atmospheric N deposition could influence insect attack by altering foliar quality and the susceptibility of trees. Those changes in plant–herbivore relationships could affect ecosystem processes. P1-09. Application of residence time concept for the biogeochemical responses of streamwater in a forested headwater catchment M. Katsuyama (Kyoto University) Effects of annual variation of climate conditions or residence time distributions of ground- and streamwater
on long-term variations of streamwater chemistry are discussed in a forested headwater catchment, Kiryu Experimental Watershed (KEW), Japan, where hydrochemical observations have been continuing in recent two decades. The entire area of KEW is underlain by Cretaceous biotite granite, called the Tanakami granite. Mean annual precipitation was 1639.0 mm from 1990 to 2010. In KEW, episodic increases in nitrate concentrations in streamwater due to the partial dieback of red pine
trees since the end of 1980's were observed. Many of the blighted trees fell down by the typhoon No.26 at
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September 1994. On the other hand, the stream nitrate concentrations began to increase in 1993, peaked in 1995–97, and are then slowly decreasing. The concentrations at 2010 were about one fourth of those at the peaked values, and have not yet recovered to the pre-disturbance values. Such time lag is caused by the delay of decomposition, nitrogen leaching from dead woods, and transport through groundwater flow to the stream. The mean residence time of the streamwater estimated with oxygen isotope variation is 43 months. Considering the weighting function used in this estimation, the contribution of 1-year-age water is maximal, even though 10 or more older water is also contribute to the streamwater. Therefore, the dynamics of nitrate concentrations in streamwater are successfully explained by the weighting function, or the distribution of residence time. These results mean that the 'apparent' forest disturbance may relatively soon recover, however, these effects
on the streamwater chemistry through the groundwater dynamics will persist for a long time. The mean residence time is one of the essential information to consider such prolonged phenomena, and thus, the long-term observation is of necessity important. P1-10. Estimation of leaf chemical defensive materials by hyperspectral images in experimentally warmed oak trees Tatsuro Nakaji (Hokkaido University), Shiori Tayanagi (Hokkaido Regional Forest Office), Hiroyuki Oguma (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Masahiro Nakamura (Hokkaido University), Onno Muller (University of Colorado), Tsutom Hiura (Hokkaido University) To study the potential effects of global warming on forests, we are conducting the field warming
experiment and monitoring the leaf traits of oak trees in the Tomakomai Experimental Forest (TOEF), one of the core sites of JaLTER. In the TOEF site, soil temperature in 5 x 5 m area around mature oak tree have been elevated to 5°C above
control soil temperature by heating cables dug into the soil. In the centre of the experimental plots, a canopy crane (15m H) is situated that provide access to the canopy. Several parameters are monitored such as photosynthesis, herbivory, foliar secondary metabolites (phenol, tannin, lignin and cellulose) and hyper spectral reflectances of oak leaves. From the first year of experiment, some interesting responses of oak leaves to soil warming, such as
reductions in foliar N concentration and herbivory ratio have been observed. Foliar secondary metabolites often play a role as defensive materials. The leaf concentrations of total N and lignin were reduced but the concentrations in total phenol and tannin were increased in canopy leaves by soil warming. This result suggests that the soil warmed oak tree increased chemical materials rather than structural materials to protect against herbivory. To estimate this variation in secondary metabolites from hyperspectral reflectance data, we tested the
Partial Least Square (PLS) regression model. The spatial variation of foliar phenol in the canopy was predicted by calculating the PLS regression in each pixel of hyperspectral canopy images. Comparing the soil warmed trees and control trees suggested adequate prediction of phenol contents from canopy images. Although future studies on validity of this method are needed, our results suggest that the monitoring of hyperspectral reflectance is an useful method in estimating specific canopy leaf traits non-destructively. P1-11. Annual variation of tree growth in the major tree species of Kanumazawa riparian forest, northeastern Japan Hoshino, D, Hoshizaki, K, Shibata, M, Masaki, T and Oki, S The Kanumazawa Riparian Research Forest is the one of old LTER sites in Japan. The site was established
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in 1988, and has been affected infrequent flooded disturbance and sparse distribution of riparian microsites. The major tree species are riparian tree species such as Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Aesculus turbinata, Pterocarya rhoifolia and Ulmus laciniata and climatic climax species of this region such as Fagus crenata and Quercus mongolica (Suzuki et al., 2002). We have been conducting annual measurement of tree census and stem growth from 2003, for the detailed understanding of the dynamics and maintenance mechanism of a riparian forest. Some tree species and trees of different height layers have synchronous stem growth during census period. This discovery suggests that tree growth is affected by species characteristics and foliage position of trees. Our study implied that the annual measurement in LTER sites is effective for detection of annual variable factors in various phenomenons. P1-12. Nitrate loss during seven years after clear-cutting and understory strip-cutting in a cool-temperate forested watershed in northern Japan Karibu Fukuzawa, Hideaki Shibata, Kentaro Takagi, Mutsumi Nomura, Tatsuya Fukazawa, Fuyuki Satoh, Kaichiro Sasa (Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University) Nitrate concentration in stream water after clear-cutting of trees and subsequent strip-cutting of understory
vegetation, dwarf bamboo (Sasa spp.) were investigated to understand the effect of these disturbances on biogeochemical processes in forested watershed in Teshio Experimental Forest, one of the JaLTER site, in northern Japan. Trees of 8 ha watershed except riparian zone were clear-cut in January－March of 2003. Sasa was strip-cut in October of 2003 and larch seedlings were planted on the cut line immediately after the Sasa cutting. Stream water and soil solution at the cut area on the slope and riparian slope area were sampled every two or three weeks from 2002 to 2010. Tree-cutting did not cause a significant increase of nitrate concentration in stream water during the growing season after the cutting. Subsequent Sasa-cutting caused significant increase of stream nitrate concentration to ca. 15 μmol L-1. Nitrate in soil solution was less than 1 μmol L-1 before tree-cutting and increased to 30μmol L-1 after tree-cutting and over 300μmol L-1 after Sasa strip-cutting (2004). These results suggested that nitrogen uptake by Sasa was very important in preventing nitrogen leaching after tree-cutting, and the decline of this nitrogen uptake after Sasa-cutting lead to marked nitrate leaching to the stream. Seven years following trees and Sasa cutting, nitrate in soil solution decreased gradually as vegetation recovered. However, stream nitrate concentration fluctuated in the range of < 0.1 to 24 μmol L-1 depending on date and year. The stream nitrate concentration did not get back to pre-cutting level during seven years after the tree and Sasa strip-cutting. P1-13. Recent progress of nature restoration of Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji, coupled core sites of JaLTER Hidenobu Kunii and Koji Seto (Research Center for Coastal Lagoon Environments, Shimane University) Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji are coupled coastal lagoon lake systems in Japan, and these lakes had been
suffered detrimental effects by human activities, especially during the last 40 years, because of a series of major public works such as land reclamation, drainage, construction of lock gate and dykes, etc. These public works were, however, officially terminated in 2002. The new national biodiversity strategy of Japan, which was approved in 2002, proposed the promotion of nature restoration projects in order to actively rehabilitate degraded environments. This long-term strategy, incorporating good management planning practices, such as adaptive management, fits well with the restoration of Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi in which severe alteration occurred in the past.
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Shimane University is situated nearby these two brackish lakes Shinji and Nakaumi, and established the Research Center for Coastal Lagoon Environments (ReCCLE) in 1992 to promote basic research aimed at solving environmental and social problems in estuaries and coastal areas. Based on this previous work, ReCCLE was reorganized in 2002 and the research project, aiming at developing a new model for the wise use of estuaries and coastal lagoons by conducting interdisciplinary research on complex phenomena relevant for conservation and management of the lagoon system, was launched in 2004. This project included two principal work packages, one short-term and the other long-term, and the long-term studies of the project developed both highly advanced monitoring techniques and simple yet scientifically rigorous monitoring techniques suitable for the nature restoration project in Lakes Shinji and Nakaumi. Since the establishment of legal nature restoration committee of Lake Nakaumi in 2007, ReCCLE has been playing an important role as an expert group to promote nature restoration of the lake. Just around that time, Lakes Nakaumi and Shinji were registered as core sites of JaLTER, and the ReCCLE has been monitoring lake ecosystem thereafter. P1-14. A dwarf bamboo genet can flower more than once: evidence from genetic structure and flowering dynamics for 8 years Yuko Miyazaki (Okayama Univ.), Naoki Ohnishi (FFPRI, Morioka), Takafumi Hino (Hokkaido Univ.), Tsutom Hiura (Hokkaido Univ., TOEF) Dwarf bamboos in the genus Sasa are believed to be long-lived, synchronously flowering, and monocarpic
plants. However, the monocarpy of dwarf bamboo has not been confirmed, because whether all ramets within one genet flower at the same time cannot be determined without differentiating the genetic structure among ramets. Previously, we evaluated the reproductive traits of Sasa pubiculmis by verifying the monocarpy, and found that this dwarf bamboo potentially has polycarpic reproductive traits rather than monocarpic, and a genet can keep rhizomes and non-flowering patches alive to sustain the organism after mass flowering. In this study, we show the further data of flowering dynamics for 8 years, and discuss about flowering traits of dwarf bamboo. One genotypically identified genet, which covered an area of approximately 3 ha, had both flowering and non-flowering patches of ramets during the 8-year flowering period (2004–2011). Flowering area gradually expanded to non-flowering area. However, a fraction of the flowering genet remained non-flowering during the 8 years of observation, and did not die after mass flowering. These data suggested flowering signal could spread, although it is still unclear the mechanism how the signal carry, and also how dwarf bamboo starts to flower. P1-15. Long-term change of forest biomass and fishery catch in eastern Hokkaido. Hiromitstu Kamauchi and Masahiro Nakaoka (Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University) Interaction between temporal change of forest biomass and fishery catch during ca 150 years in a catchment
of eastern Hokkaido was analyzed. Forest biomass was decreasing, because the pristine forest that covered all the catchment at the start of the period was logged without planting. A part of cleared land was transformed for agricultural use. Fishery catch during this period was fluctuated. Introduction of engined fishery-boat, which became dominant at 1930's in this region, would lead the temporal increase of the catch. Since 1950's, large forest-plantation was stated and forest biomass increased. Oyster fishery become growing in this period, however, it was depend on the improvement of culture technique. Temporal change in forest biomass and catch in coastal fishery was the result of combination between land-use change and social development.
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P1-16. An extremely thermophilic bacterium, Coprothermobacter sp. PM9-2, isolated from an offshore petroleum reservoir in the South China Sea Wataru Urushibata1, Tetsu Funayama2, Masaaki Morikawa1 (1 Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 2 Division of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University) A Malaysian offshore petroleum reservoir PM9-2 locates at 500m deep from sea floor beneath a depth of
70m sea-level. Chemical composition of the reservoir water was quite different from that of seawater, such as low contents of Na (140ppm), Mg (23.3ppm) and Ca (2.33ppm), and high contents of Si (46.8ppm). These features indicate that the reservoir is isolated from the sea. We were interested in what microorganisms live there. We tested several culture conditions and successfully isolated a heterotrophic microorganism, namely PM9-2, using a nutrient culture method at 70C. The cell of PM-2 was uneven rod shape (0.4 x 3 um). PM9-2 was an obligately anaerobic and extremely thermophilic bacterium whose optimum growth temperature and pH were 65C and 6.5, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis phylogenetically placed PM9-2 at one of the deepest branch in the domain Bacteria. The highest sequence identity was found for Coprothermobacter proteolyticus at the score of 98%. No petroleum degradation activity was detected for PM-2. Here, we present several physiological characteristics of Coprothermobacter sp. PM9-2 and discuss about its possible function in a special subsurface ecosystem that are independent of light energy. P1-17. Long-term ecosystem monitoring framework using hydrometeorological, ecological and dendrochronological approach over the larch forests in northern Mongolia Shin Miyazaki and Mamoru Ishikawa (Hokkaido University, Japan), Biligbaatar Nanzand and Baatarbileg Nachin (National University of Mongolia, Mongolia) The larch forest of Mongolia is located at the southern edge of Siberian Taiga forest. The 80% of forested
area of Mongolia is dominated by larch forest (Larix sibirica). In Mongolia, the forest is dominant on north-faced slope where the permafrost is located underground while the steppe grassland is dominant on south-faced slope area without permafrost. The disturbances on the forest such as fire, logging and pest out break are important factor for predicting future change of forest. The climate change becomes remarkable such as increase on the air temperature (1.8 degrees in recent 60 years) and change of precipitation (7.5% decrease in summer and 9% increase in winter) in Mongolia. These changes of climate condition and human impacts might affect the ecosystem of Mongolia especially for forest distribution. The Hokkaido University (HU) has started long term monitoring of heat, water and carbon exchanges over
the larch forest at the 25-m height tower in the Udleg (48 15’43.7” N, 106 50’56.6”E) Research Forest of National University of Mongolia (NUM) in northern Mongolia since 2009. At the tower we have been conducting the eddy-correlation based flux observations, hydro-climatic observations such as radiation, basic meteorological elements, soil moisture and temperature. NUM has been carried out the tree-ring observation to get the stand history (fire, drought etc.) of larch forest. NUM also carried out the growth of diameter at the breast height of larch trees using dendrometer. P1-18. Carbon isotope composition in the coral skeleton and its growth environment Michiyo SHIMAMURA (Hokkaido University), Tomohisa Irino (Hokkaido University), Lu Binquan (Tonji University), Xu Guoqiang(Tonji University), Tadamichi OBA (Hokkaido University) Tropic to sub-tropic regions are important area not only as a heat engine of the earth, but also in the
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ecological meaning, especially bio-diversity. However, the monitoring data in that area is not long enough to evaluate the impact of the human activity for the ecological system. One year in situ observation of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) was conducted in coral reef in the east coast of Hainan Island, China. The data showed high positive correlation with air-temperature and precipitation observed in weather station near the site, respectively. (Shimamura et al., 2006). Also the isotopic composition in the coral skeleton showed clear annual variation corresponding with the seasonal to annual change (Shimamura et al., 2006, 2008). Carbon isotope composition in the coral skeleton collected from this site must be reported, because the comparison between isotope data and environmental record for 1991-1999 showed that carbon isotope ratio controlled by the seasonal solar radiation cycle, summer precipitation and winter monsoon. P1-19. Introduction of the IFES-GCOE Program IFES-GCOE Program members (Hokkaido Univ.) Global COE Program “Establishment of Center for Integrated Field Environmental Science”
(IFES-GCOE) of Hokkaido Univ. conducts education for graduated student and practical research to understand the environmental problems. Carrying out long-term field observations is crucial for finding out what environmental changes are actually occurring. We aim to build "100-year observation network" through interchange among students and researchers over a number of generations. Our observation sites are Siberia, Mongolia, Indonesia, and Hokkaido, which are areas vulnerable to the impacts of global environmental changes. At each site, we have held international field science summer schools, where students learn about natural environment of the site, research methods and discuss with researchers who have gathered from around the world. Concerning research activities, we conduct observational research at these sites to ascertain region-specific environmental changes. We will also perform research using numerical models that explain changes in the natural environment from an integrated perspective, and research for predicting the future. Through these activities, students will have broad perspectives and be able to lead international research. We expect that students will work and play an important role in the environmental related field, at colleges, research institutes, schools, administrative agencies, private enterprise, and environmental organizations in the future.
Posters for Day 2 P2-01. Structure, composition and species diversity of tree communities in tropical savanna of Benin (West Africa). OROU MATILO T. B. Augustin. The structure community analysis has been undertaken in savanna areas in Benin. Twelve plots were set up
in two sites in the central and north of Benin. In each site, three canopy types (Open, semi-open and close) of plots dominated by Isoberlinia doka were set up with one repetition for each. Covering one hectare, inside each plot all individuals (GBH>15cm) have been tagged and mapped. Height
of each plant has been measured by a hypsometer vertex and fiberglass splicing pole. The height before first branch (HFB) and height before first leaves (HBL) have been also recorded. The size of the crown, both North vs South (CNS) and Est vs West, (CEW) and the depth of crown has been measured for all individuals inside the plots. The relationship between DBH (cm) and tree height was regressed by an expanded allometric. We
calculated two indices of species diversity. Species and plots were ordinated by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). 3781 species have been recorded, distributed in 71 species and 25 families. The best represented family was Leguminosae. We also found that basal area was correlated to canopy type but not to
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maximum tree height. Tree species diversity decrease with temperature and rainfall change in savanna area. P2-02. Northern Long-term Socio-ecological Research Platform (Northern LTSER Platform) -cooperation in Finland: possibilities and challenges for long-term socio-ecological research Laine, Kari (Thule Institute, University of Oulu), Järvinen Antero, Paavola, Riku, Suominen, Otso, Inkeröinen Jouko and Jussi Paatero Northern LTSER Platform, founded as a part of Finnish LTER Network (www.environment.fi/syke/lter) in
2007, constitutes environmental transect from northern boreal forest landscapes to arctic tundra. The main aim of the Northern LTSER Platform is to pool long-term research activities and monitoring data of the northernmost university research stations in Finland under five research themes related to socio-ecological changes in northern nature and communities. The platform covers almost entirely northern parts of Finland and the study design of the platform operates as a sensitive instrument to assess drivers, pressures and the state of environment on multiple spatial scales both on nature and human systems and their interaction. The sites maintain high-quality infrastructures that enable research with a focus on complex interactions between environmental pressures (climate change, land use change, atmospheric pollution) and ecosystem functions and services. The sites cover a wide range of ecosystems and human induced pressures and serve as bases for socio-economic research. Well-developed network of university research stations (Oulanka, Kilpisjärvi, Kevo, Värriö) and northern units of research institutes (NorNet partners) offers the basic infrastructures for conducting collaborative research, basic laboratory facilities, competent personnel and office as well as accommodation facilities for visiting scientist. About 30 senior researchers or professors with their research groups are involved in the work of the platform. Research themes of Northern LTSER Platform are the following: 1) Population dynamics and productivity of plant and animal populations living in the periphery of their distribution, 2) Effects of global change on northern ecosystems, 3) Changing society and livelihoods in rural and peripheral areas, 4) Human health and wellbeing in northern communities, and 5) Information management and research infrastructure for scientific collaboration. P2-03. Long term changes in ecological state of the transboundary Mesta River (South-West Bulgaria) Emilia Varadinova, Maria Kerakova, Rabia Soufi, Svetla Bratanova-Doncheva (Instute of biodiversity and ecosystem research – Bulgarian Academy of Science) The study presents research of long term changes in ecological state of transboundary river Mesta(Nestos)
located in the Eco-region 7 (Eastern Balkans). Mesta River was selected as a one of the seven Bulgarian sites includes in the European LTER network because of long range of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological data stored during the last thirty years period. Ecological status developments of the Mesta River could be defined in two large periods in terms of water quality: until 1990- a period of heavy loading with organic matter of industrial origin; after 1990 - a period of recovery and stabilization of the ecological situation. Ecological state assessment was based on one of the main biological quality elements - macroinvertebrates community, in accordance with Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EC requirements. The actual state (2009-2010) of studied sites along the main river and its tributaries was determined. The water quality was characterized by cenotic, saprobiological, biotic and trophic indices and physico--chemical measurements (ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and phosphates) in addition. The assessment was compared with data from previous periods (1978-2007). The anthropogenic impact (organic pollution) is the dominating factor determined ecological situation at the influenced sites. Changes registered at referent (free of any human impacts) sampling sites were probably provoked mostly by global climate processes including water discharge
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decrease in local scale. P2-04. Impact of vegetation changes on hydrological regime - Long-term hydrological investigations under different sylvicultural activities in LTER forest site “Yundola” – Bulgaria Elena Rafailova (University of Forestry – Sofia), Svetla Bratanova-Doncheva (IBER-BAS) The impact of different sylvicultural activities on certain hydrological parameters of the mixed coniferous
forests has been studied at the LTER site “Yundola”, set up in 1965. For assessment of the vegetation changes impact on the hydrological processes at the catchment area, the methods of the mathematical statistics, correlation models and comparaison of the hydrological parameters before and after the interventions have been applied. P2-05. Critical Loads of Lead and Cadmium for Different Type of Forest and Aquatic Ecosystems at the Petrohan LTER site, Bulgaria Nadka Ignatova1, Radka Fikova2, Sonya Damyanova1, Svetla Bratanova-Doncheva2 (1) University of Forestry, (2) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences The current study was designed to determine the critical loads of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) for two types
vegetation (broadleaves and coniferous) and freshwaters (stream water and reservoir), in order to evaluate the effect of Cd and Pb depositions on the structure and functioning of investigated ecosystems at a mountainous LTER site. Petrohan is situated on the northeast slopes of the West Balkan Mts in Western Bulgaria, at 1450 m above sea level, with a total area of 7192 ha. Bulk precipitation and throughfall chemistry were monitored in 2005 and 2007 at two forest stands (Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies). Monitoring of water, sediment and bulk precipitation chemistry at three water bodies (one river and two reservoirs) during the period 2006-2008 were carried out. The removal of Pb and Cd by the biomass and their vertical migration with drainage waters was determined. Lead and cadmium depositions in different test variations were calculated. Based on the steady-state mass balance (SSMB) model, all studied forests and surface waters have much lower Cd critical loads than the lead one. The critical loads of both Pb and Cd for beech vegetation were lower than those for spruce ones, which may be due mainly to the lower growth uptake by the biomass of broadleaved forest species. This demonstrates the higher sensitivity of deciduous forest ecosystems to the heavy metals pollution than the coniferous ones. There were no significant difference between the Pb crititical loads and their exeedances between the river and reservoirs, but with regards to Cd deposition the reservoirs are more vulnerable than the stream waters. A trend of decrease in Cd and Pb depositions and their effect on the investigated forest and water ecosystems during the study periods was observed. Key words: , beech, cadmium, critical loads, lead, , reservoirs, spruce, stream waters. P2-06. The role of traditional ecological knowledge in tropical forest community: an application of seasonal calendar for different livelihood activities Eli Nur Nirmala Sari Forest communities have the traditional knowledge on utilizing the natural resources around them, especially
forest. This knowledge inherited from their ancestors and can potentially inform scientific approaches to resource management, either as a data source to provide alternative management approaches from which managers and scientist might learn. Many discussions have focused on the integration of traditional ecological knowledge into management, but rare attention has been paid to identify specific areas where it is most important. We analyzed the traditional ecological knowledge in the context of seasonal calendar utilization as
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guidance for the livelihood activities on natural resource in Punan Bengalun village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The efficiency of deriving information from forest communities in Punan Bengalun village compared to scientific field studies was assessed. We evaluated the potential of seasonal calendar utilization to achieve the sustainable forest management and the level to which traditional ecological knowledge can provide information. Through interviews by questionnaires and group discussions with households in Punan Bengalun village in 2006 and 2007, we presented the detail of seasonal calendar in utilizing the natural resources and forest which was applied by forest communities. Our analyses suggest that traditional ecological knowledge through seasonal calendar gave a long-term perspective with regard to the pattern of sustainable forest management. The historical pattern of forest utilization and current activity on forest suggest that the development of livelihood activities on forest may help to achieve the long-term environmentally sustainable society, with potentially long-term implications for forest-based livelihoods, and also management and conservation of natural resources. P2-07. Cost and compensation of cost: Revealing the carbon source for seed production in Gagea lutea. Sunmonu Azizat Idowu (Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University) Cost of reproduction in perennial plants highly depends on the type of resource budget. Compensation of
reproductive cost by the photosynthesis of reproductive organs has also been reported in many studies. Furthermore, photosynthetic carbon gain often varies during a reproductive period, indicating that resource availability for reproduction may also vary within a reproductive period if current photosynthetic products are used for fruit development. Here, we assessed the cost of reproduction and compensative responses in a spring ephemeral Gagea lutea (Liliaceae) by examining the changes in bulb size, leaf longevity and carbon accumulation per plant during a whole growth season among reproductive intact, flower removal, and vegetative plants. Finally, the seed set in response to leaf- and bract-removal treatments and the calculation of bract's contribution to fruit development was evaluated based on dry weight analysis. Bulb growth was negatively influenced by flower and fruit production, indicating a trade-off between current reproduction and future growth. Fruit-producing plants extend leaf longevity resulting in more carbon fixation compared to plants without fruits. The removal of bract significantly reduced seed production, while removal of basal leaf did not influence seed production so much. This indicates the importance of current photosynthesis by the bract for seed production. Such compensative responses of basal leaves and bracts in fruit developing plants may reduce the cost of reproduction in this species. P2-08. Different responses of early and late colonizers to light and water in a post-mined peatland, northern Japan Chika Egawa1, Shiro Tsuyuzaki1 ( 1 Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University) In primary succession, vegetation cover of early colonizer affects the regeneration success of the own and
other species by changing both light and water availabilities and drives species replacements. Different responses of early and late colonizers to changes in a single variable have been well documented, but interactive responses to light and water are still unclear. In this study, we examined (1) how do early and late colonizers differ in their interactive responses to light and water and (2) how are the species-specific responses related to successional orders, in a post-mined peatland, northern Japan. The seeds of Rhynchospora alba (an early colonizer) and Moliniopsis japonica (a late colonizer) were sown with three water treatments (dry, wet, control) × two irradiances (with and without 50% shading that imitated the R. alba cover). We counted the number of seedlings every week. After 75 days from sowing, we excavated the seedlings and measured shoot and root biomass. R. alba seedlings changed the biomass allocation between shoot and root in
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response to changing in light and water availabilities, and maintained the growth across all the treatments. In contrast, M. japonica did not change biomass allocation and decreased the growth without shading, while there were little effects of water treatments. Interactive effects of light and water were detected for both the species on seedling survival, i.e., the effects of shading were stronger at the wet condition than at the dry. These results showed that early and late colonizers were contrasting in their responses to shading, and amelioration to strong sunlight by early colonizer was determinative for establishment of M. japonica. In addition, interactive responses of each species to light and water were different between growth and survival stages, and the strength of shading effects would change depending on soil moisture. P2-09. Forest fires effect on soil chemistry and carbon stocks in Central Yakutia, eastern Siberia. Lopez C.M.L. (Yamagata University), Hatano R. (Hokkaido University), Guggenberger G. (Hannover University), Ohta T. (Nagoya University), Gerasimov E. (Siberian Permafrost Institute), Fedorov A.N. (Siberian Permafrost Institute) This study was conducted to determine the impact of fire on soil physical and chemical characteristics as well
as on the distribution of soil organic and black carbon stocks in ice-rich permafrost regions in eastern Siberia. Three intact and four burned forest sites with different years of ignition were selected. Soil moisture did not increase in any of the burned forests in the top soil layer but moisture built-up at the bottom of the active layer of older burned sites. Salt content increased in the active layer following forest fires, but a decade later the salt built-up disappeared, indicating the temporal characteristic of this change. The content of SO4
-2 and Na+ in the active layer of the 4 year-old burned forest site increased 49 and 70 % respectively, while other salts (Mg2+ and Ca2+) did not show any variation with intact forests. The organic carbon stock in the top soil 2 m of the unburned forest site (44.0 kg m–2) was similar to the ones in burned forest (41.5-46.5 kg m-2). In average 37% of organic carbon is found in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile for intact or burned forests alike. The organic carbon distribution in the 2.0 m top soil layer in Central Yakutia was higher than previously reported for other Siberian sites. The highest concentrations of black carbon were found in the upper soil layers (20 – 40 mg g OC-1) but concentrations of 10-20 mg g OC-1 were also found in the permafrost (120-200 cm depth) of the intact and burned forests. There was no variation with the black carbon concentration among the sites. However, the potential of fire as a mechanism for carbon accumulation for centuries if not millennia is proven by the presence of black carbon in the presently frozen soil. P2-10. Explicit Application of Biometric Observation to Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Optimization Masayuki Kondo (Fukushima University), Kazuhito Ichii (Fukushima University), Ryuichi Hirata (Hokkaido University), Yasuko Mizoguchi (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute), Nobuko Saigusa (National Institute for Environmental Studies) Migrating environmental changes have been drawing attention due to its potential influence on carbon cycle.
A number of studies reported that human disturbance might be a key factor to explain current terrestrial carbon sink. Previous model based studies primarily focused on the effect on carbon cycle with the implementation of disturbance simulation and the associated time evolution of biomass was often neglected. To progress model simulation further, we propose a potentially effective approach which is to combine available observations, micrometeorological and biometric observations, and terrestrial ecosystem modeling. This combination would help to establish more accurate modeling of terrestrial ecosystem status, leading to the better estimation of time evolution of biomass as well as terrestrial carbon fluxes. Among accessible terrestrial models Biome-BGC ecosystem model was chosen for the study due to the following reasons:
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disturbance routine for the model, including clear-cut, replanting, fire, etc, have been introduced and well examined (Thornton et al., 2002), and observation-basis eco-physiological parameters for each vegetation type are available (White et al., 2000). The gap-filled and flux-partitioned eddy-covariance observation data were prepared at multiple sites from the AsiaFlux network including Takayama (TKY), Tomakomai (TMK), Fujiyoshida (FJY), and Laoshan (LSH). Those sites are known for either a large scale disturbance occurred in the last several decades or the well understood stand age. To derive more accurate simulated product in efficient way, we tested an model parameter optimization scheme which is preceded in three steps: (1) constraint carbon allocation parameters using above and below ground biomass ratio from observation, (2) optimize the magnitude of below and above ground biomasses via the χ2 minimization, (3) optimize GPP and RE with respect to the observation using parameters with strong sensitivity via the χ2 minimization. The result with this flux-biometric combined optimization scheme will be discussed along with the potential application to ecosystem study. P2-11. The Palanan Forest Dynamics Plot: Three Censuses and A Supertyphoon Later Perry S. Ong1, Leonardo L. Co1*, Daniel A. Lagunzad1*, Melizar V. Duya2, Bonifacio O. Pasion2, Sandra L. Yap1, Stuart J. Davies3 (1Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, 2Diliman Science Research Foundation and the 3Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University and Center for Tropical Forest Science), *deceased The Palanan Forest Dynamics Plot (PFDP), a 16-hectare plot located in the coastal town of Palanan, Isabela,
Philippines, is the largest long-term ecological plot in the country. With trees measured down to a minimum diameter at breast height of 1cm, it is also the most detailed. The PFDP is the only Philippine and Wallacean representative within the Smithsonian’s Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) global network of large-scale plots. The plot is situated in a big forest fragment of the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park (NSMNP).
Periodically devastated by strong typhoons originating from the Pacific, it was established to study impacts of natural catastrophes on forest regeneration and resiliency. A baseline census was undertaken in 1994 over an 8-ha plot. An additional 8-ha was censused in 1998 while
a recensus of the first 8-ha was conducted at the same time. Recensus of the 16-ha plot was undertaken in 2004 and 2010. The PFDP is representative of the most complex and species-rich terrestrial habitat in the Philippines: the
lowland mixed dipterocarp forests (MDF). Three hundred twenty-three species of trees (about 10% of Philippine tree flora) have been documented in the PFDP. A robust demographic data based on three censuses, which is comparable with more than 40 similarly structured plots within the CTFS network of large-scale plots, is the most important and strategic feature of the PFDP. At the moment, no other plot in the Philippines has been documented at such a scale. The PFDP was described elsewhere in 2006. This report gives an account of the 2010 census conducted in
the Palanan plot and provides preliminary analysis of the impact of a supertyphoon that passed through the PFDP in 2005. P2-12. Inversion analysis of estimating interannual variability and its uncertainties in biotic and abiotic parameters of a terrestrial ecosystem model after wind disturbance Motomu Toda, Andrew Richardson, Kentaro Takagi, Taro Nakai, Masayuki Yokozawa, Takashi Kohyama
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A previous research has examined the effects of wind disturbance on interannual variability in ecosystem CO2 exchange of two forests in northern Japan, i.e., a young, even-aged, monocultured, deciduous forest and an uneven-aged mixed forest of evergreen and deciduous trees, including some over 200 years old using eddy covariance (EC) measurements during 2004-2008. The EC measurements have indicated that photosynthetic recovery of trees after a huge typhoon occurred during early September in 2004 activated annual carbon uptake of both forests due to changes in physiological response of tree leaves during their growth stages. However, little have been resolved about what biotic and abiotic factors regulated interannual variability in heat, water and carbon exchange between an atmosphere and forests. In recent years, an inverse modeling analysis has been utilized as a powerful tool to estimate biotic and
abiotic parameters that might affect heat, water and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and forest of a terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM). We conducted the Bayesian inverse model analysis for a simple TEM with the EC measurements. The objective of our research is to examine interannual variability in biotic and abiotic parameters related to heat, water and carbon exchange between the atmosphere and forests after disturbance by typhoon. P2-13. Treeline Ecotone Dynamics of Abies spectabilis in Barun Valley, Eastern Nepal Himalaya Parveen Kumar Chhetri (Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University) The special ecological structure and function of treeline ecotone can be a sensitive indicator of global climate
change, and focus of current research interest. To understand the impact of the global warming on treeline ecotone of high altitude forest of the Himalaya, four plots (20 m in width and variable length) from forest line to tree species limit, and two plots each at north (N1, N2) and south (S1, S2) facing slopes were established in relatively undisturbed forest of the Barun valley, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Age structure, size structure, and establishment pattern of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) were studied dendroecologically. Treeline of the Barun valley was found to be an abrupt type. Treeline altitude was at 4058 m, 4045 m, 3941 m, and 3960 m in S1, S2, N1, and N2 plots respectively, and forest line altitude was at 4031 m, 3981 m, 3892 m, and 3856 m in S1, S2, N1, and N2 plots. Reverse J-shaped curve obtained for the size class distribution and age class distribution in all plots indicated undisturbed old growth forests with sustainable regeneration. The oldest established trees dated back to 1790, 1833, 1887, and 1884 in S1, S2, N1, and N2 plots. Most of the trees were found to be established in early and second half of the 20th century and close to the forest line area, and there was no significant relationship between age and altitude. Moreover, recruitment patterns of seedlings and saplings at the treeline were fewer than those at the forest line. This preliminary investigation has showed that A. spectabilis treeline has not shifted upward in the Barun valley in the recent time, in contrast to general expectation of treeline advance in response to global warming. However, long-term research and monitoring are needed for proper understanding of global warming impact on treeline ecotone, and other associated factors regulating the treeline. P2-14. Emission inventory for biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) in Japan Sou Matsunaga1, Seiji Nakatsuka1, Satoru Chatani1,2, Akira Tani3, Onno Muller4, Dai Kusumoto5, Tsutomu Enoki6, Tsutom Hiura7 1: Japan Petroleum Energy Center, 2: Toyota Central R&D Laboratories Inc., 3: University of Shizuoka, 4: Colorado University, 5: University of Tokyo, 6: Kyushu University, 7: Hokkaido University Terrestrial vegetation is known to emit remarkable amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are
especially called as biogenic VOCs (BVOCs). In a global scale, total emission rate of BVOCs is estimated to
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be an order of magnitude higher than that of anthropogenic VOCs sources. In addition, BVOCs are generally reactive so that they have a key role on atmospheric chemistry including tropospheric ozone formation and aerosol formation. Therefore, many studies and efforts to improve understanding on the BVOC have been conducted for recent decades. Estimate by current BVOC emission model relatively accurate in a global scale. However, chemical species and emission rate of BVOC highly depend on species of vegetation and on environment while Japanese forest is dominated by endemic species such as Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. In addition, considering short lifetime of the BVOCs in the atmosphere, regional estimate for BVOC emission is also very important to understand its effect on the regional air quality. Thus, we have developed a new BVOC emission inventory which is based on BVOC measurement for dominant tree species in Japan and on official records for timber volume to estimate leaf amount. The inventory estimated total BVOC emission over Japan to be 1300 tons h-1 at the standard condition (1000 mol m-2 s-1 of PPFD and 30 ºC of leaf temperature) while total anthropogenic VOC emission is estimated to be 220 tons h-1. We will present a new BVOC emission inventory developed for Japan for its structure and datasets. P2-15. Change in Carbon stock in a managed natural mixed forest of northern Japan Misato Nagumo (Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Environmental Division of Biosphere) The role of forests as a net long-term carbon sink is expected, and accurate predictions of the effects of forest
management practices on the carbon budget are required. The effects of afforestation and reforestation have widely been concerned, but partial cutting (non-clear cutting) regimes, which enable to make harmony among various ecosystem functions, should also be focused. We therefore estimated the change in carbon stock in a partially cut natural mixed forest in the Nakagawa Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University, where selection cuttings were repeatedly conducted in the past thirty years. A 6.72ha study stand was divided by 10*10m grids, and then classified into 14 vegetation categories with consideration of overstory tree species and topography. Based on records of tree censuses (at 10-year intervals) and field measurements, in combination of analyses of carbon concentrations, we determined the carbon stock in four basic components of a forest; overstory trees, understory vegetation, plant litter (including course woody debris), and 0.3 m depth of mineral soil. Total carbon stock in the study stand showed an increase of 30MgC/ha for thirty years, and reached 249MgC/ha at the term-end. The increase was contributed mainly by overstory component. On the other hand, soil carbon stock was supposed to be maintained over the period. Understory vegetation, which make dense carpet of dwarf bamboos on forest floor, was responsible for about 3% of the total stock (7-9MgC/ha). These results suggested that selection cutting could be a carbon sink activity, as well as a sustainable productive activity, in the region. P2-16. The effects of tree species and environmental conditions on deadwood decomposition in a natural mixed forest in Japan Taiki Inoue, Misato Nagumo (Graduate school of environmental science, Hokkaido university), Toshiya Yoshida (Uryu Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University) We compared deadwood decay rates among tree species, and examined effects of local environmental
conditions in a managed natural mixed forest in Hokkaido, northern part of Japan. We surveyed 192 cut stumps, consisting of 13 tree species (mainly Abies sachalinensis, Acer mono, Betula ermanii, Tilia japonica and Quercus crispula), recorded in a long-term experimental stand established in 1970. To evaluate decay states of these stumps, wood density was measured, with calculating its half periods. Visual decay class (5
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classes), surface hardness, water contents and CN contents were determined. The half periods of wood density was longer in Abies sachalinensis (about 66 years) than in broadleaved species (about 18, 15, 36 and 37 years respectively for Acer pictum, Betula ermanii, and Quercus crispula). These estimates were negatively correlated with species-specific live wood density, suggesting that antisepsis components of woods might be significant. Generalized mixed models to evaluate effects of three environmental conditions (moisture, light, surrounding vegetation), revealed that light conditions was negatively related wood density, while surrounding vegetation cover was positively related with the decay class. These results suggested that gap dynamics and dominance of dwarf bamboos in understory could be specific driving factors on deadwood decay processes in the region. P2-17. Approach and Progress of CERN Information Management GUO Xuebing (Data Manager of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network) and HE Honglin (Deputy Director of Synthesis Research Center of CERN) Synthesis center takes great responsibilities to improve the field stations’ information management
capabilities which are quite essential to upgrade CERN’s information management capability. This poster will mainly present two sections: (1) CERN Distributed Information System (briefly as CERNDIS) and (2) ChinaFLUX e-Science Environment Construction, including ChinaFLUX Cyber Infrastructure Construction(briefly as CFCI). Synthesis center along with sub-centers and some representative field stations deeply studied the method of
field station’s informationization, put forward a series of standards of management and sharing, and implemented a feasible solution suitable for all field stations. This solution fundamentally satisfies all field stations’ needs of data management and data sharing, moreover it is the basis of realizing distributed data management and sharing among CERN, and in the year of 2008, CERNDIS was finished which involved all stations, sub-centers and synthesis center to cooperate each other. CFCI aims to set up an information system which integrates collection, transmission, storage ,
management , analysis, publish and visualization of ChinaFLUX data in some demonstration field stations, so as to lay the foundation of constructing e-Science environment for carbon cycling scientific research.. The tasks of e-Science environment consist of 3 environments (data integrated environment, model simulation environment, visualization cooperative work environment) and 3 level application system (typical ecosystem, typical region, China region).
P2-18. Global distribution of phytoplankton functional types in the oceans and its interannual changes Taka Hirata (Hokkaido Univ), Nick Hardman-Mountford (Plymouth Marine Lab), Taketo Hashioka (Hokkaido Univ), Yasuhiro Yamanaka (Hokkaido Univ), Stephane Saux-Picart (Plymouth Marine Lab), Robert Brewin (Plymouth Marine Lab), Hiroshi Murakami (JAXA) A recent analysis revealed that phytoplankton biomass has been declining over the past century (Boyce et al.,
Nature, 2010). In the face of our changing climate and predicting its associated effect on marine ecosystems, however, a long term variation in phytoplankton community structure at global scales, as well as their biomass, is a useful source of information in order to adequately understand marine ecosystem structure and biogeochemical cycles in the oceans. Analysis of ten-year time series (1998-2007) of global phytoplankton community structure, or phytoplankton functional types (PFTs), as observed by satellite, shows a statistically significant changes of the community; (1) a significant decline of relative abundance of diatoms (-7.3～1.2x10-3 %/month) but an expansion of autotrophic prokaryotes (-7.3x10-3 %/month) in the northern hemisphere and (2) a global decrease of haptophytes (-2.0x10-3 %/month, including calcite-forming species).
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We found that phytoplankton community structure is correlated with the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and that the community structure in the equatorial Indian Ocean may especially be vulnerable to climate forcing. A recent global change in chlorophyll biomass and primary production is due to a community shift associated with climate change. P2-19. Identifying biodiversity hotspots in northern Thailand Yongyut Trisurat (Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University) Rapid deforestation occurred in northern Thailand over the last few decades and is expected to continue. The
objectives of this paper were to 1) generate ecological niches of large mammals, and 2) assess wildlife concentrations and their hotspots in northern Thailand. Future land use map in 2050 was obtained from recent land use modeling study. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and a maximum entropy theory (MAXENT) were used to generate ecological niches of 18 large mammal species as a proxy of biodiversity. The likely occurrences of selected wildlife species were aggregated and classified as wildlife concentrations. In addition, the predicted deforestation areas between 2002 and 2050 were overlaid on high wildlife concentration to determine threats to wildlife, and the results were named as wildlife hotspots both inside and outside protected areas. The results revealed that current suitable habitats for most wildlife species were predicted in the west, north
and east of the region. The predicted areas of high wildlife concentration or richness (≥ 7 species likely present) covered approximately 16,000 km2 or 9.3% of the region. In addition, wildlife hotspots encompassed approximately 3,100 km2 or 1.8% of the region, and 74% of this figure was predicted in protected area coverage. Based on the model outputs, conservation measures to minimize the impacts of future deforestation on wildlife hotspots and to enhance the value of forest ecosystem on wildlife habitats were recommended. Keywords: Biodiversity; Biodiversity hotspots; Deforestation; GIS; Northern Thailand
Participants List
Name Affiliation ILTER network name
Amoroso, Victor B Central Mindanao University, Philippines Phillippines LTER Anttila, Saku T Finnish Environment Institute, Finland FinLTSER (Finland)
Beja, Pedro CIBIO-Research Centre on Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Portugal
Prortugal LTER
Blankman, David E Ben Gurion University, Israel Israel Bourgeron, Patrick University of Colorado, USA US LTER
Bratanova-Doncheva, Svetla Institut of biodiversity and ecosystem research – Bg Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Celis, Juan L Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Chile, IEB
Chen, Chi-Ling Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan
TERN (Taiwan)
46
Name Affiliation ILTER network name
Chhetri, Parveen K Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Chimphamba, James University of Malawi, Chancellor College, Malawi
MALAWI-LTER
Clancy, Tim F AusLTER, Australia AusLTER
Crnojevic-Bengin, Vesna University of Novi Sad – BioSense Center, Serbia
Serbia
Crnojevic, Vladimir University of Novi Sad – BioSense Center, Serbia
Serbia
Davies, Stuart Center for Tropical Forest Science, USA
Díaz-Delgado, Ricardo Doñana Biological Station. CSIC., Spain LTER-Spain
Egawa, Chika Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Eli Nur Nirmala Sari Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Equihua, Miguel Instituo de Ecología A.C., Mexico Mex-LTER (Mexico) Forsius, Martin Finnish Environment Institute, Finland FinLTSER (Finland)
Fu, Bojie Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, China
CERN (China)
Fukuzawa, Karibu Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Goulden, Clyde E Academy of Natural Sciences, USA Mongolia
Guo, Xuebing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CERN (China)
Hayashi, Mika Yamagata University, Japan
Hirata, Taka Hokkaido University, Japan
Hiura, Tsutom Hokkaido University, Japan JaLTER (Japan) Homma, Kosuke Niigata University, Japan JaLTER (Japan)
Hori, Masakazu National Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Hoshino, Daisuke Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tohoku Research Center, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko Dept. of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Inoue, Taiki Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Ishihara, Masae I Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Name Affiliation ILTER network name
Kamauchi, Hiromitsu Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Kassim, Abd Rahman Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia Malaysia
Katsuyama, Masanori Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Kawaguchi, Korin Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Japan
Kertész, Miklós Institute of Ecology and Botany of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
Hungarian LTER
Kim, Eun-Shik Kookmin University, Korea Korea LTER
Kim, Young Sun Democratic Party/ Korea National Assembly, Korea
Korea LTER
Klotz, Stefan Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
German Network “LTER-D”
Kohyama, Takashi Hokkaido University, Japan Kondo, Masayuki Fukushima University, Japan
Kunii, Hidenobu Research Center for Coastal Lagoon Environments, Shimane University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Kurokawa, Hiroko Tohoku University, Japan
Laine, Kari M Thule Institute, University of Oulu, Finland FinLTSER (Finland)
Leopardas, Venus E Mindanao State University at Naawan, Philippines
Lopez, Larry Yamagata University, Faculty of Agriculture, Japan
Lu, Sheng-Shang Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Taiwan TERN (Taiwan)
Maass, Manuel National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
Mex-LTER (Mexico)
Masaki, Takashi Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Matsunaga, Sou Japan Petroleum Energy Center, Japan
Mirtl, Michael Environment Agency, Austria Austria
Miyazaki, Shin Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Miyazaki, Yuko Okayama University, Japan
Muraoka, Hiroyuki Gifu University, Japan JaLTER (Japan)
Nagai, Shin Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan
Nagumo, Misato Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Environmental Division of Biosphere, Japan
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Name Affiliation ILTER network name
Nakaji, Tatsuro Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Nakamura, Masahiro Hokkaido University, Nakagawa Experimental Forest, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Nakano, Shin-ichi Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Nakaoka, Masahiro Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Nakashizuka, Tohru Grad. School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Nasahara, Kenlo N University of Tsukuba, Japan
Nguyen, Nghia H Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Vietnam Vietnam LTER
Oda, Tomoki The University of Tokyo, Japan
Ohte, Nobuhito University of Tokyo, Japan JaLTER (Japan) Okada, Naosuke Hokkaido University, Japan
Okuda, Noboru Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Ong, Perry S Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines
Philippines LTER
Orou Matilo T. B., Augustin Hokkaido University, Japan
Page, Mark University of California, USA US LTER Parr, Terry Center for Ecology and Hydrology, UK UK ECN
Pauw, Johan South African Environmental Observation Network, South Africa
SAEON (South Africa)
Saigusa, Nobuko National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Saitoh, Taku M Gifu University, Japan JaLTER (Japan)
Santos-Reis, Margarida SPECO /CBA, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
LTER-Protugal
Shibata, Hideaki Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Japan
JaLTER (Japan)
Shimamura, Michiyo Hokkaido University, Japan
Shoji, Jun Hiroshima University, Japan
Sun, I-Fang Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hua University, Taiwan
TERN (Taiwan)
Sunmonu, Azizat I Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
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Name Affiliation ILTER network name
Suzuki, Satoshi Japan Wildlife Research Center, Japan
Tenes, Anna LTER-Spain, Spain LTER-Spain Toda, Motomu Hokkaido University, Japan
Tokuchi, Naoko Kyoto University, Japan JaLTER (Japan)
Torres-Lezama, Armando Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela Venezuelan LTER Network
Trisurat, Yongyut Kasetsart University, Thailand Thailand Urushibata, Wataru Hokkaido University, Japan
Vanderbilt, Kristin University of New Mexico, USA US LTER
Yamamoto, Tomoko Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Japan
Yamanaka, Yasuhiro Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
Yu, Guirui Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CERN (China)
Yu, Xiubo Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
CERN (China)
Zhuang, Xuliang Bureau of Science and Technology for Resource and Environmental, Chinese Academy of Science, China
CERN (China)
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Information of venue and organizer Hokkaido University http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/en/ Campus map of Hokkaido Univ. http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/bureau/map-e/mapindx1-e.htm Campus guide of Hokkaido Univ. http://www.hokudai.ac.jp/en/documents/guide_english.pdf Tomakomai Experimental Forest http://forest.fsc.hokudai.ac.jp/~exfor/Toef/hp_e/toef_e.html
Aspen Hotel http://www.aspen-hotel.co.jp/english/
Tourist information of Sapporo city http://www.welcome.city.sapporo.jp/english/index.html
JaLTER http://www.jalter.org/index.php?ml_lang=en ILTER http://www.ilternet.edu/ GLP Sapporo Nodal Office http://www.glp.hokudai.ac.jp/ IFES-GCOE, Hokkaido University http://www.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/en/index.html Ecosystem Adaptability GCOE of Tohoku University http://gema.biology.tohoku.ac.jp/index_e
Contact ILTER 2011 local organizing committee
GLP Sapporo Nodal Office Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University Kita9, Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0809 JAPAN e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +81-11-706-3851 for call from outside Japan. 011-706-3851 for call from Japan. Fax: +81-11-706-3450 for call from outside Japan. 011-706-3450 for call from Japan.
Meeting URL http://www.ees.hokudai.ac.jp/gcoe/ilter2011/
Local organizing committee Masahiro Nakaoka (Chair; Hokkaido Univ.), Takashi Kohyama (Hokkaido Univ.), Tohru Nakashizuka (Tohoku Univ.), Yasuhiro Yamanaka (Hokkaido Univ.), Hiroyuki Muraoka (Gifu Univ.), Tsutom Hiura (Hokkaido Univ.), Nobuhito Ohte (Univ. of Tokyo), Karibu Fukuzawa (Hokkaido Univ.), Tatsuro Nakaji (Hokkaido Univ.), Masahiro Nakamura (Hokkaido Univ.), Hiroko Kurokawa (Tohoku Univ.), Naosuke Okada (Hokkaido Univ.), Michiyo Shimamura (Hokkaido Univ.), Masae Ishihara (Hokkaido Univ.), Hideaki Shibata (Executive officer; Hokkaido Univ.),
Administrative staff Narumi Tsukui (Hokkaido Univ.), Nami Muraki (Hokkaido Univ.).
This meeting is partly supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
