International ISSN 2278 Journal of Applied Research ... · Among hazardous and harmful drinkers, achieving and maintaining a marked reduction in drinking is associated with significant

International Journal of Applied Research & Studies ISSN 2278 – 9480

iJARS/ Vol. I/Issue III/Dec, 2012/277 1

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Research Article

Quality of Life of Alcohol Dependents after Community Based Camp

Intervention in the Treatment of Persons with Alcohol Dependence

Syndrome

Authors

1Umesh Tonse, 2Sinu. E*

1Junior Research Fellow

2Assistant Professor in Psychiatric Social Work, Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical

College, Manipal University, Manipal, India

INTRODUCTION

Alcohol consumption is the world‟s third largest risk factor for disease and disability; in

middle-income countries. Alcohol is a causal factor in 60 types of diseases and injuries. Almost

4% of all deaths worldwide are attributed to alcohol, greater than deaths caused by HIV/AIDS,

violence or tuberculosis. Alcohol is also associated with many serious social issues, including

violence, child neglect and abuse, and absenteeism in the workplace.

Quality of life has become a dominant theme in planning and evaluating services for people

with alcohol dependence. It is recognised increasingly as an important component in the evaluation

of alcohol treatment processes. Alcohol misuse is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and an

important health care burden, the Quality of Life (QoL) of alcohol misusing subjects has been little

studied to date. There are few studies of Quality of Life measures (QoL) in alcohol-misusing

patients. When the literature was reviewed there were only 24 studies from 1993 – 2012 related to

quality of life of alcohol dependents. These studies have shown that quality of life (Qol) is

improved significantly when subjects do not relapse to heavy drinking, and QOL deteriorates

significantly on prolonged relapse (Foster, 2000).

Subjects who sustained 30% or greater decrease in drinks per month reported improvement

in physical and mental health component andhad fewer alcohol-related consequences when

compared to those with a <30% decrease(Kraemer 2002). The most important predictors

[email protected] *Corresponding Author Email Id

mailto:[email protected]



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of baseline quality of life were severity of alcohol dependence, employment status, psychiatric

history, quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous(AA),

global alcohol health status, age, gender, and education (Morgan, 2004). Alcohol dependents

attending AA group meetings experiences better quality of life (93.38 ±12.91) than the Non AA

group(75.06 ±12.08, t=7.323, p<.001)(Savitha et al 2011).Quality of life of alcohol dependents

attending AA group meetingswas better when compared to patients attending other psychosocial

treatments (Singh et al 2004).

Frequent heavy drinking or episodic heavy drinking (five or more drinks per occasion)

patterns were associated with reduced QoL. Alcohol dependents had significantly lower levels of

QoL compared with general population or with other chronic health conditions (George et 2007)..

Quality of life appears to be moderated by socio-demographic and client characteristics, such as age,

education, gender and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Alcohol-dependent individuals experience

improvements in QoL across treatment with both short-term and long-term abstinence. Despite these

improvements, many alcohol dependents‟QoL is unlikely to exceed that of normative groups.

Among hazardous and harmful drinkers, achieving and maintaining a marked reduction in drinking

is associated with significant increases in QoL (Dennis et al, 2005). AUDIT-positive

patientsreported more physical and psychological health problems and poorer QoL (Richard et al

2006). Alcohol dependents found to have lower quality of life due to high state anger, trait anger and

high expression and experience of anger than the abstainers and social drinkers (Sharma et al 2012).

Alcohol dependents have significantly adverse effects on their spouses in terms of marital

satisfaction, family environment and quality of life(Sangeetha et al).

Treatment and Quality of Life of Alcohol Dependents

At treatment initiation, alcohol dependent patients had lower QoL total scores and they

scored lower on several subscale scores than those without ADS. Contingency Management

treatment was associated with improvement in QoL (Andrade, 2012). Extended-release naltrexone

380mg in combination with psychosocial intervention was associated with improvements in QoL,

specifically in the domains of mental health, social functioning, general health, and physical

functioning (Pettinati, 2009). As an adjunct to medication compliance enhancement treatment,

Topiramate (upto 300mg/d) was superior to placebo at not only improving drinking outcomes but

increasing overall well-being and quality of life and lessening dependence severity and its harmful

consequences (Johnson, 2004; 2008). Combinations of naltrexone and combined behavioral

intervention (CBI), and acamprosate and CBI, each predicted significantly improved physical QoL

(Prisciandaro 2012). Treatment with acamprosate and psychosocial support, by promoting

abstinence, improves the quality of life profile to levels comparable to those observed in healthy

individuals.

SUMMARY OF THE STUDIES ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG ALCOHOL USERS



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Sl.No AUTHOR METHODS RESULTS

1. Beccaria (2012)

Investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and quality of life (QoL) on adults aged 25-34 living in France, Italy and Netherlands. (n=4841)

QoL depends mainly on predominant consumption style and drinking culture

2. Prisciandaro 2012

Evaluated longitudinal associations between treatment status, alcohol consumption and QOL in the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) study

Combinations of naltrexone and combined behavioral intervention (CBI) and acamprosate and CBI, each predicted significantly improved physical QOL

3. Peltzer et al 2012, South Africa

Examined the association of alcohol use and health related quality of life. N=1532(56% M; 44% F) in different hospital out-patient settings

Alcohol dependence was associated with poorer quality of life in physical, general health and mental health areas of functioning.

4. Andrade et al

2012

Quality of life of alcohol dependents

(N=390)

At treatment initiation, Alcohol

dependence patients had lower QOL

total scores and they scored lower on

several subscale scores

5. Martinez et al 2011

Quality of life of alcohol dependent persons with personality disorder

Alcohol dependents with PD had

lower quality of life over the entire

course of the treatment compared to

patients without PD. Quality of life and craving at the initiation of the

treatment predicted alcohol use

during the first 3 months.

6. Martinez et al

2010

Quality of life in patients with alcohol

dependence disorder with personality

disorders: relation to psychological

adjustment and craving

Patients with personality disorder

perceive poorer quality of life in areas

such as health status, mood, and

social relations. Self-perception of

quality of life is affected by

psychological adjustment and beliefs

about craving

7. Evren et al

2011

Lifetime PTSD and quality of life

among alcohol-dependent men: impact

of childhood emotional abuse

Among alcohol-dependent men with

lifetime PTSD, a history of childhood

emotional abuse contributes to impairment of QoL

8. Lahmek et al

2009

Quality of life of alcohol-dependents

during an inpatient withdrawal

programme.

N=414; prospective study

Female gender, age > 45 yrs, living

alone, working as a labourer, somatic

co-morbidity were associated with a

low physical Component of QOL.

psychiatric co-morbidity, smoking

and suicidality were associated with a

low mental component of QOL.

9. Livingston et al

2009

Effects of alcohol consumption in

spousal relationships on health-related

quality of life and life satisfaction.

n=3110 couples couple‟s living in

partner relationships.

Ex-Drinkers and high-risk drinkers

generally had lower life satisfaction

and low health-related quality of life.

10. LoCastro et al

2009

Alcohol treatment effects on secondary

non-drinking outcomes and quality of

life: the COMBINE study

A higher percentage of heavy drinking days, more drinks per

drinking day, and lower percentage of

days abstinent were associated with

lower quality-of-life measures.

11. Ponizovsky et

al 2008

Clinical and psychosocial factors

associated with quality of life in

ED and self-rated depressive

symptoms, emotional distress, self-



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alcohol-dependent men with erectile

dysfunction.

N=101 Men; 18 -50 yrs

esteem, and perceived social support

were found to be significantly

associated with QoL of persons with

Alcohol dependents

12. Saatcioque et al

(2008)

Impact of anxiety and depression on

quality of life of persons with alcohol

dependence syndrome

Quality of life is low in alcohol

dependence syndrome patients with

depression. It was found high in

alcohol dependence syndrome patients without depression or

anxiety.

13. Mary (2008)

Cross sectional study on disability and

quality of life respondents with alcohol

dependence in hospital based de-

addiction services. N=60

There is no significant difference

between hospital based treatment and

community based treatment with

regard to quality of life of persons

with alcohol dependence syndrome.

14. Laudet et al

2006

New York

Role of Social Supports, Spirituality,

Religiousness, Life Meaning and

Affiliation with 12-Step Fellowships in

Quality of Life Satisfaction among

Individuals in Recovery from Alcohol & drug problems (N = 353)

Longer recovery time was

significantly associated with lower

stress and with higher quality of life

15. Kalman et al

2004

Alcohol dependence, other psychiatric

disorders, and health-related quality of

life

N= 127,308

Respondents with a history of alcohol

dependence plus one or more other

psychiatric disorders had significantly

lower HRQoL in domains pertaining

to psychological and social

functioning than respondents with

alcohol dependence only

16. Morgan et al

2004

Improvement in quality of life after

treatment for alcohol dependence

N=1216; 77% male;

Health-related quality of life is

severely impaired in dependent

drinkers. The most important

predictors of quality of life is

abstinence duration

17. Peters et al

2003

Quality of life in alcohol misuse:

comparison of men and women

QoL improves with abstinence and deteriorates with relapse. QoL in

females is worse than in males, for

comparable levels of dependency.

Disturbed sleep with depression is a

particular feature of the impaired QoL

in female alcohol misusers

18. Patience et al

1997

SECCAT Survey: II. The Alcohol

Related Problems Questionnaire as a

proxy for resource costs and quality of

life in alcoholism treatment. N=212

Increase in alcohol related problems

associated with lower quality of life

19. Volk et al 1997

Alcohol use disorders, consumption

patterns, and health-related quality of

life of primary care patients. N=1333

Persons with alcohol dependence

scored lower (poorer HRQOL) on the mental health component. Binge

drinkers and frequent, high-quantity

Drinkers showed markedly lower

scores in the areas of role functioning

and mental Health

20. Daeppen et al

1998

Evaluating health-related quality of life

in alcohol-dependent patients N=147;

77% males; 26 -78 yrs

Severity of alcohol dependence and

depression seemed to influence the

perception of HRQoL negatively.

Factors associated with poor quality of life among alcohol dependents



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From the above table following inferences can be made; Quality of life of alcohol-

dependents was very poor but improved as a result of abstinence, controlled or minimal drinking.

Important factors associated with poor QoL of alcohol-dependents are psychiatric co-morbidity

such as anxiety, depression(Saatcioque 2008; Daeppen et al 1998; Peters et 2003), personality

disorders (Martinez 2010; 2011), binge drinking, frequent drinking, high quantity drinking (Volk et

al 1997), severity of alcohol dependence, increased alcohol related problems (Patience et al 1997),

higher percentage of heavy drinking days, more drinks per days(Locastro 2009), more than one

psychiatric disorders (Kalman et al 2004), relapse, disturbed sleep(Peters et al 2007), social

environment, erectile dysfunction, emotional distress, reduced self-esteem (Ponizovsky 2008),

female gender, persons aged above 45 years, living alone, labourers, smoking, somatic comorbidity

(Lahmek et al 2009), life time PTSD and childhood emotional abuse (Evren et al 2011).

Factors associated with better quality of life among alcohol dependents

Among the factors which predicted better quality of life were abstinence duration (Morgan 2004;

Peters 2003), longer recovery (Laudet 2005), and perceived better social support (Ponizovsky 2008).

Attenuated physical QoL improvements for patients with alcohol abuse histories are related to

greater pain and physical deficits (Eshelman 2010). QoL improvement after a residential treatment

was related to low QoL scores at admission. Improvement in physical component of QoL was

related to baseline alcohol intake and good somatic status (Lahmek 2009). Greater alcohol use was

related to poorer prescribed insulin injection compliance and stronger expectations of immediate,

positive consequences of drinking alcohol were related to several indices of lower quality of life

(Cox 2002). Alcohol use was shown to be associated with impaired levels of health-related quality

of life in adolescents (Chen, 2007). PTSD, major depression, and alcohol use disorders all adversely

influenced adolescent QOL (Clarke 1996). Children and youth with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorder

have significantly lower HRQL than children and youth from the general Canadian population(Stade

2006).

Apart from above inferences there were also few contradictory findings in the literature such as

persistent moderate drinkers had higher initial levels of health-related quality of life than persistent

nonusers, persistent former users, decreasing users, unstable pattern of drinkers(Kaplan 2012).

Regular alcohol consumption is associated with increased quality of life in older men and women

(Chan 2009). Being a nondrinker of alcohol was associated with greater risk of mortality and poorer

physical HRQoL. Moderate alcohol consumption was not harmful, and may carry some health

benefits for older women (Furya 2008). Negative associations between alcohol and well-being were

observed on several measures for women consuming more than 173g and men more than 229g per

week.

For men, statistically significant associations between moderate drinking and well-being

disappeared when socio-demographic factors andwere controlled. For women, moderate alcohol use

associated with better self-rated health as compared to abstainers. Possible health utility benefits of

moderate alcohol use were clinically insignificant; it suffices to investigate mortality, when

estimating the public health impact of moderate alcohol consumption using quality-adjusted life

years (Saarni 2008). Alcohol drinkers rated their health as good in comparison with non-drinkers

(Saitp 2005).



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Low level of alcohol consumption was associated with a better HRQOL and possibly

with better lung function (Tang 2005). In a 29 year cohort study; male subjects of high

socioeconomic status, only the highest alcohol consumption (>3 drinks/d) affected mortality and

it was associated with worse quality of life in old age. Moderate alcohol consumption in middle

age offered no special benefits compared with abstinence over the long term (Standberg 2004).

Alcohol drinking was associated with significantly better physical and role functioning and better

global HRQL(Allison 2002).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted in 2 places; Study group was taken in

Sasthanavillage, KundapurTaluk, Udupi District (community based de-addiction camp(CBC)

conducted by ShriKshethraDharmasthala Rural Development Programme) and comparative group

was taken in Dr.A.VBaliga Memorial Hospital, Doddanagudde, Udupi District, Karnataka(hospital

based de-addiction camp (HBC).Quasi-experimental research design before and after with control

group was adopted.Study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. The objective was to

assess the quality of life of the person with alcohol dependence syndrome, before and after the de-

addiction camp intervention in community as well as in hospital based camp intervention.

Hypothesis:There would be a significant improvement in quality of life in persons treated for ADS

in hospital based de-addiction camp.30 Respondents were drawn from community based de-

addiction camp(CBC) and another 30 were drawn from hospital based de-addiction camp (HBC),

Inclusion criteria:Persons who give consent for the study, Age ranged from 18 years to 65 years,

who met the criteria of alcohol dependence syndrome according to ICD 10 and AUDIT. Exclusion

Criteria:Persons with history of any psychiatric disorder other than anxiety and depression, persons

with mental retardation, with other substance use disorder other than NDS, persons with Severe

medical complications and cognitive impairments.Study was conducted from January 2012 to April

2012.Sampling process:Census Method was used in the study.Tools used:Alcohol Use Disorder

Identification Test (AUDIT), (World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and

Substance Dependence, 1992).Who Quality Of Life (BREF)-1998. Statistics Procedure:student„t‟

test, Effect Size analysis, correlation and regression analysis.

Quality of Life: World Health Organization defines Quality of life as “an individual‟s

perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they

live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad ranging

concept affected in a complex way by the person‟s physical health, psychological state, personal

beliefs, social relationships and their relationship to salient features of their environment”

(WHO, 1993).

Procedure: Alcohol dependent patients were contacted on the day of admission in both

community camp and hospital based camp subsequently and explained about the nature of the

study and its objectives. The respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and

written informed consent was taken from them. Confidentiality of the information was assured.

The study was done in the month of January 1st to 10

th in Dr.A.V.Baliga hospital and February

10th to 17

th in Dharmasthala de-addiction camp in Sasthana, Kunadapura. After the pre

assessment part patients were also followed up at their monthly meeting in the community which

occurred in ShriKshethraDharmasthala Rural Development Office, Sasthana. In the hospital

based camp all patients from 2nd

month of the camp were contacted through phone and were



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asked to come to hospital for follow up in a day comfortable for them. For other respondents

those who were not willing to come for follow up were contacted at their workplace and in their

home itself.

RESULTS:Mean age of the respondents in Community based de-addiction camp was 35 years

and 40 years in Hospital based de-addiction camp respondents. Mean years of education in CBC

was 5 whereas in HBCit was 8 years. In the both group, majority of the respondents were

married (63%),93% in HBDC and 100% in CBDC were Hindus. In the family developmental

stage, more than one-third of the respondents in both groups were in the stage of family with

launching young adult stage. Majority of the respondents in the both the groups were employed,

were semiskilled labors and getting daily payment, satisfied with their work and most of them

were working in private sector. Mean age at alcohol initiation is 21 years in both groups and had

8 to 11 years of duration of alcohol dependence. 66% in CBC and 69% in HBC respondents had

late onset of dependence and 63% in CBDC and 89% in HBDC had family history of alcohol

dependence and no past de-addiction treatment before this camp.

TABLE 1: PRE AND POST ASSESSMENT COMPARISON OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF

THE RESPONDENTS IN COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL BASED DE-ADDICTION

CAMP

Camp Quality of

life Test Mean S.D

‘t’

value

‘p’

value

Effect

size

CBDC

Physical

Health

Pre 23.4 3.82 2.99 .006* r=0.3

Post 21.2 .88

Psychological

Health

Pre 19.0 3.73 .39 .693 --

Post 19.4 1.65

Social

relationship

Pre 10.2 1.87 .244 .809 --

Post 10.6 2.18

Environment Pre 26.2 3.95

1.88 .70 -- Post 27.9 1.78

Total Pre 82.0 9.08

2.22 .034** r=0.2 Post 86.2 5.42

HBDC

Physical health

Pre 22.10 2.57 2.18 .037** r=0.28

Post 20.66 2.24

Psychological

Health

Pre 17.40 2.64 2.57 .016* r=0.31

Post 19.00 2.08

Social

relationship

Pre 10.46 2.68 1.47 .152 --

Post 9.73 2.14

Environment Pre 24.90 4.11

2.75 .010* r=0.29 Post 27.00 2.36

Total Pre 86.56 11.7

1.38 .176 -- Post 83.60 7.82

Table 1 shows the respondent‟s quality of life before and after CBC and HBC intervention.

During the pre-assessment mean score of QoL was 82.06(S.D=±9.08) in CBDC and

86.56(S.D=±11.70) in HBDC, which indicates both the group had neither good nor poor quality



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of life. Paired „t‟ test result showed that there was statistically significant difference within CBC

respondent‟s quality of life during pre and post assessment (t=2.22, p=.034).

Respondents mean score on total quality of life in CBDC during pre-assessment was

82.06(S.D=±9.08) and in post assessment it increasedto86.26 (S.D=±5.42) But in HBDC; it was

86.56 (S.D=±11.70) during the pre-assessment and in post assessment it was decreased to

83.60(S.D=±7.82).When compared to respondents in HBDC, respondents in CBDC have shown

improvement in overall quality of life after the camp.There is medium effect size in CBC with

regard to physical health between before camp and after the camp approach (r=0.37), whereas in

HBC it was found small effect size in physical health. In psychological health the HBC respondents

had medium level effect size (r=0.31) and small effect size in environment quality of life (r=0.29). It

was also found that there is small effect size in overall quality of life of the respondents in CBDC

(before and after camp intervention)

TABLE 2: QUALITY OF LIFE OF ABSTAINERS AND RELAPSERS

INHOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY BASED DE-ADDICTION CAMP

Group Quality of life Alcohol use

status N Mean S.D ‘t’ test ‘p’ value

Effect

size

CBDC

Physical health Abstainers 22 21.45 .73

2.928 .007** 0.48 Relapsers 8 20.50 .92

Psychological

health

Abstainers 22 19.90 1.23 3.218 .003** 0.51

Relapsers 8 18.00 1.92

Social relationship

Abstainers 22 10.77 1.90 2.805 .009** 0.46


Environment Abstainers 22 28.63 1.39

5.110 <.001* 0.69 Relapsers 8 25.87 .99

Total Abstainers 22 88.77 3.59

6.574 <.001* 0.72 Relapsers 8 79.37 3.02

HBDC

Physical health Abstainers 17 21.52 1.06

2.638 .013* 0.44 Relapsers 13 19.53 2.87

Psychological health

Abstainers 17 20.23 .97 5.034 .00 0.68

Relapsers 13 17.38 2.06

Social

relationship

Abstainers 17 10.58 1.80 2.763 .010** 0.46


Environment Abstainers 17 28.35 1.16

4.722 <.001* 0.66 Relapsers 13 25.23 2.38

Total Abstainers 17 88.82 2.57

6.512 <.001* 0.77 Relapsers 13 76.76 7.07

Table 2 shows the quality of life of abstainers and relapsed respondents. Mean score of the

social relationship 8.50(S.D=±2.13) in CBC respondents who are relapsed during 2 months and it is

comparatively less when compared to the respondents who are maintaining abstinence

10.77(S.D=±1.90).It shows that when respondents relapsed after a camp; their social relationship was



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decreased. Overall quality of life of the respondents who were relapsed was less (mean=79.37,

S.D=±3.02) when compared to the respondents who were maintaining abstinence (mean=88.77,

S.D=±3.59).

Mean score of the relapsed respondents in HBC was less compared to abstainers in all the

subdomains (Psychological 17.38±2.06 Vs (20.23±.97, social relationship 8.61±2.10 vs 10.58=±1.80)

In HBC also the mean score of the overall quality of life of the relapsed respondents was found to be

less (6.76±7.07) compared to abstainers (Mean=88.82, S.D=±2.57). CB Camp intervention had

medium effect on physical health (r=0.48), social relationship (r=0.46) and large effect size on

psychological health(r=0.51), environment quality of life (r=0.69) and in overall quality of

life(r=0.72). HB Camp intervention had medium level of effect on physical health (r=0.44), social

relationship (r=.010), and large level of effect size on psychological health(r=0.68), environmental

quality of life(r=0.66) and in overall quality of life (r=0.77) of the respondents.

There is a positive correlation between number of days of abstinence and physical quality of life

(r=.387, p<0.001), psychological health (r=.409, p<0.001), and social relationship (r=.451, p<0.001),

environment life (r=.628, p<0.001), overall quality of life(r=.654, p<0.001). Regression analysis

revealed duration of abstinence predicts abstinence (F=16.52, p=<.001) in hospital and community

based camp (F=30.85, p=<0.001). Duration of Abstinence (R Square) explains 52% variance in

Abstinence in CBD camp and 37% variation in HBD camp.

Discussion

Quality of Life of persons with alcohol dependence

With regard to quality of life; both group scored less (82 in CBC and 86 in HBC) during pre-

assessment. This finding is in parallel with Andrade et al (2012) where they reported during treatment

initiation alcohol dependents had scored low scores in total QOL and subscales of QOL. Present study

found that there was no significant difference between both the camp respondents with regard to the

overall quality of life before the camp intervention. This is in concordance with Mary &Pandian study

(2008) in which they observed that there was no significant difference between respondents who were

availing hospital based de-addiction service and community based de-addiction service. There was

noteworthy finding from this study thatoverall quality of life of the respondents increased in

community based de-addiction camp during post-assessment but not in Hospital based camp.

After the camp intervention both group respondents significantly scored less physical

health QOL when compared pre-assessment score. It may be due to their physical withdrawal

symptoms. Respondents in HBC showed significant improvement in their psychological,

environmental quality of life during post-assessment. Parsimonious the reason could be that they

get their family members love and affection; investing their money. In the community based de-

addiction camp majority of the respondents maintained abstinent and very few people had relapse;

this may be the due to the community camp respondents involvement among themselves and their

interest to help other group member to recover.In the present study it was found that majority of

the respondents in hospital based de-addiction camp had low quality of psychological health.



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Quality of life and Abstinence

In the present study it was found that respondents in both the camp who maintained

abstinence had shown significant improvement in quality of life than relapsers. There was

significant difference between abstainers and relapsers with regard quality of life.Similar findings

were reported by (Peters et al, 2003) they reported that quality of life improves with abstinence and

deteriorates with relapse. There was a noteworthy finding from the study that there was inverse

relationship between severity of alcohol dependence and quality of life. This is in concordance

with previous studies. Where Daeppen et al (1998) reported that severity of alcohol dependence

influenced lower health related quality of life and Patience et al (1997) reported that increase in

alcohol related problems associated with poor quality of life. Present study revealed that duration

of abstinence alone predicts 52% (R square) quality of life in CBC camp and in HBC it was 37%

(R Square). This is finding is supported by Morgan et al (2004) in which they have stated that

duration of abstinence is important predictor of quality of life of alcohol dependents.

Changes in overall quality of life after camp approach

After the camp intervention it was observed that community based de-addiction camp

respondents had high score (x=86.26) than the hospital based de-addiction camp respondents

(x=83.60) it might be due to the treatment approachin community camp and the support they

get from the community leaders and the support from whom they identify “Nava Jeevana(New

life) group but it was lacking in the respondents who were treated in hospital based de-addiction

camp.

CONCLUSION

Both the camp approach intervention is effective in helping the people with alcohol

dependence syndrome in maintaining abstinence. Community based de-addiction camp

intervention shown effective in enhancing quality of life of the alcohol dependents compared to

the counter parts in hospital based camp.

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Acknowledgement:ShriK.shethraDharmasthala Rural Development Programme and Dr.A.VBaliga

Memorial Hospital, Doddanagudde, Udupi District, Karnataka, India.

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International ISSN 2278 Journal of Applied Research ... · Among hazardous and harmful drinkers, achieving and maintaining a marked reduction in drinking is associated with significant