International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Transport Canada Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety

International Harmonized Research Activities:

Intelligent Transport Systems

Transport Canada

Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE

Ergonomics DivisionRoad Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate

Transport Canada

330 Sparks St.., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5Tel: (613) 998-2268 Fax: (613) 998-4831 [email protected]

Ergonomics Division, Transport Canada

World Forum for Harminization of

Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Intelligent Transport Systems

• Reduce congestion• Improve safety• Increase efficiency• Improve comfort• Improve transit services• Reduce fuel consumption• Reduce emissions

Automated aids

Smart cards

Traffic monitoring

Traffic management

Information databases

Image processors

Microprocessors

Communication links

Digital maps

Positioning & tracking Transportation objectives



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Levels of Automation

InformationWarningDriver assistance (active pedal)Partial control of vehicle

functions (steering, stop&go)Complete control of vehicle

(AHS)



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Rationalizing Automation

Each level has unique safety issues

Each level must coexist with other levels

Progression from one level to next is not incremental– it represents a radical change



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and Crash Avoidance Systems

Vision enhancement & visual range warning Intelligent speed adaptation Adaptive cruise control Collision warning (e.g., lane departure, rear-end,

lane change, intersection) Fatigue/impairment warning Pavement monitoring and friction warning Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance Emergency reporting and response Backing and merging aids



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

ITS: Safety Impact Framework

IndirectIndirect ++

DirectDirect ++

PositivePositive

--

--

NegativeNegative



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Direct Safety Benefits

Reduction of crash risk through• on-board CA systems• road-side CA systems• tolerance for driver/system errors

Mitigation of crash consequences through improved emergency response

IndirectIndirect +

DirectDirect ++

PositivePositive

-

-

NegativeNegative



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Indirect Safety Benefits

Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip lengths, and greater choice of mode)

Reduced exposure to unauthorized use (elicense)

Reduced traffic variance and conflicts (through better traffic management and improved interaction between driver and other road users)

Reduced driver stress and fatigue

IndirectIndirect ++

DirectDirect +

PositivePositive

-

-

NegativeNegative



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Direct Safety Risks

Driver distraction Driver overload Driver confusion Reduced situation awareness Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or

nuisance alarms Increased discomfort, stress Command effect

--

IndirectIndirect +

DirectDirect +

PositivePositive

-

NegativeNegative



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Indirect Safety Risks

Behavioural adaptationIncreased travel (pleasurable)Loss of skill & negative transferViolation of expectation (by non-users)Collision migration (MV to SV, to other

users, etc.)

IndirectIndirect +

DirectDirect +

PositivePositive

--

-

NegativeNegative



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations

Driving TaskDriving Task ITSITS

++

--

CollisionsCollisions

ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical

ITS Safety, or IS IT?



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Government’s Role

Discourage technologies/implementations that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety

Encourage implementation of technologies that are likely to have safety benefits



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities

• Australia• Canada• France• Germany• Hungary• Italy• Japan

• the Netherlands• Poland• Sweden• U.K. • U.S.A.• EC• EESV



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

ESV: IHRA Working Groups

Intelligent Transport SystemsAdvanced Offset Frontal Crash ProtectionPedestrian SafetyBiomechanicsVehicle CompatibilitySide Impact



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

IHRA-ITS : Objectives

to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies.

to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems.

to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Aspects of System Safety

1. System Reliability• Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for

malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode.

2. Human Machine Interaction (HMI)• Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface,

definition of dialogue between the user and the system.

3. Overall Traffic System • The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Scope

includes original and aftermarket on-board information, control and communication systems, including• telematics• driver assistance systems, and • collision warning and avoidance systems



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Summary of Activities

Conceptual FrameworkWorkshopsSurvey of current researchPriority Projects

For further information visit

http://199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Priority Projects

1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework

2. Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems3. Human factors principles checklist4. Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior5. Simulator reference test scenarios6. Improved secondary task methodology for

evaluating safety effects of driver workload7. Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety

measures



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Importance of ITS Safety Research

Expands ESV’s role into crash avoidanceElaborates the role of governments with

respect to ITS safetyITS safety is currently unregulated;

therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Key Challenges for Government

Traditional policy paradigms not suitable:• Design cycle shorter than policy cycle• Technology is diversifying rapidly• Science lags technology

Integration by consumer, not industryJurisdictional boundaries no longer valid



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

IHRA-WP.29 Liaison

IHRA research focus• Summarize state of knowledge• Coordinate joint research• Develop test procedures

WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and priorities. IHRA to coordinate the regulatory development research to support WP.29 work program



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Recommendations vis WP.29

coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-related matters (ISA)

Develop strategy for global regulation development for on-board ITS • ST – coordinate among existing GR’s, lead?• LT – create new GR

utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group for ITS-related matters



Vehicle Regulations

WP.29

GevevaNovember

2001

IHRA-ITS

Possible Short Term Plan

GRRF – Collision avoidance, driver assistance (ACC, ESP), ISA

GRE/GRRF?– Reliability (Annex 18)GRE/GRSG? – Collision and drowsiness

warning, vision enhancement, maneuvering aids

GRSG – Telematics, navigationGRSP – Collision mitigation?

Documents

International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems Transport Canada Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics Division Road Safety