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International Energy International Energy Efficiency Standards and Efficiency Standards and

GuidelinesGuidelines

Tom Lawrence, Ph.D. P.E., LEEDTom Lawrence, Ph.D. P.E., LEED--APAPl @ dl @ dlawrence@engr.uga.edu lawrence@engr.uga.edu

Introduction and greetings from the Introduction and greetings from the University of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia

Green Buildings Overview, Green Buildings Overview, Standard 189 Standard 189 -- 22

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Speaking events outside U.S. mainland

Interesting tidbit of information:Interesting tidbit of information:Sidney, Australia Sidney, Australia -- Latitude 33Latitude 33°° 52’52’Athens, Georgia USA Athens, Georgia USA -- Latitude 33Latitude 33°° 57’57’

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TopicsTopics

Compare some of the energy codes and Compare some of the energy codes and standards used throughout the worldstandards used throughout the world

EE-- EuropeEurope-- United StatesUnited States-- CanadaCanada-- IndiaIndia-- Etc.Etc.Etc.Etc.

How these are leading to improving How these are leading to improving overall building designoverall building design

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Overview Energy Standards Overview Energy Standards Around the WorldAround the World

European Union, UKEuropean Union, UKEnergy Performance of Buildings Directive Energy Performance of Buildings Directive ( ) d /( ) d /(EPBD): issued 2002, revision 2009/2010(EPBD): issued 2002, revision 2009/2010Main inspiration was Kyoto complianceMain inspiration was Kyoto complianceKey result is requirement forKey result is requirement forEnergy Performance CertificateEnergy Performance CertificateUK h d f hUK h d f hUK has code for homes UK has code for homes (not mandatory)(not mandatory)

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Denmark: first country energy code - 1961

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European TimelineEuropean Timeline

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EPBD Revised in 2009EPBD Revised in 2009-- the Directive now applies to all buildings the Directive now applies to all buildings (no 1000 m(no 1000 m²² threshold any more) threshold any more) -- the target now is "near zero energy buildings" to the target now is "near zero energy buildings" to g gy gg gy gbecome the standard in all new buildings by 2020become the standard in all new buildings by 2020-- for existing buildings,for existing buildings, Member States are asked to Member States are asked to draw up national plans to increase the number of draw up national plans to increase the number of nearly zero energy buildings nearly zero energy buildings -- a buildingsa buildings energy performance certificate is energy performance certificate is gg gy pgy pforeseen to provide information to new tenants or foreseen to provide information to new tenants or buyers buyers -- the certificate will provide an energy performance the certificate will provide an energy performance indicator of the buildingindicator of the building

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“Nearly“Nearly--Net Zero”Net Zero”

What will that be defined as?What will that be defined as?““National cost optimal energy use of National cost optimal energy use of >0 kWh/m>0 kWh/m²²””>0 kWh/m>0 kWh/m²²””

What is achievable? What is practical?What is achievable? What is practical?

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From: REHVA Journal, May 2011

Asian Region ExamplesAsian Region Examples

JapanJapan-- 1 code for commercial (>300 m1 code for commercial (>300 m²²) 2 others for) 2 others for-- 1 code for commercial (>300 m1 code for commercial (>300 m²²), 2 others for ), 2 others for

residential: began late 1970’sresidential: began late 1970’s-- Technically voluntary, but penalties for nonTechnically voluntary, but penalties for non--

compliancecompliance

ChinaChina-- National mandatory code, provinces can make National mandatory code, provinces can make

more strict: began midmore strict: began mid--1980’s1980’s-- Standards more subdivided, such as separate Standards more subdivided, such as separate

ones for lighting, groundones for lighting, ground--source heat pumps, source heat pumps, 1010

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Asian Region ExamplesAsian Region Examples

IndiaIndiaEnergy Conservation Building Code 2008Energy Conservation Building Code 2008-- Energy Conservation Building Code, 2008Energy Conservation Building Code, 2008

-- “Mandatory” for buildings with connected “Mandatory” for buildings with connected load>500 kW, contracted demand >600 load>500 kW, contracted demand >600 kVAkVA

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India Energy CodeIndia Energy Code

Similar in approach and scope to ASHRAE Similar in approach and scope to ASHRAE Standard 90.1Standard 90.1

l d b l fl d b l fDeveloped by International Institute for Developed by International Institute for Energy Conservation and USAIDEnergy Conservation and USAID

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India Has Wide Climate VarietyIndia Has Wide Climate Variety

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Methods for Requiring Energy Methods for Requiring Energy Performance in CodesPerformance in Codes

Mandatory items, then prescriptive set Mandatory items, then prescriptive set with performance tradewith performance trade--off optionsoff options(similar or based on ASHRAE Std 90 1)(similar or based on ASHRAE Std 90 1)(similar or based on ASHRAE Std. 90.1)(similar or based on ASHRAE Std. 90.1)Ex: Canada, U.S., India, AustraliaEx: Canada, U.S., India, AustraliaMandatory requirements plus point Mandatory requirements plus point system, with min. number of points system, with min. number of points requiredrequiredqqEx: Japan, South KoreaEx: Japan, South Korea

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ASHRAE Standard 90.1ASHRAE Standard 90.1--20102010

Brief discussion of ASHRAE Standard 90.1Brief discussion of ASHRAE Standard 90.1

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Highlights of Standard 189.1Highlights of Standard 189.1Section 5 Section 5 –– Building EnvelopeBuilding Envelope

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Section 6 Section 6 -- HVACHVAC

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Section 9 Section 9 -- LightingLighting

Basis is the maximum Basis is the maximum lighting power densitylighting power densityallowed (W/mallowed (W/m² W/ft²)² W/ft²)allowed (W/mallowed (W/m², W/ft²) ², W/ft²) using either:using either:-- Building Area Method Building Area Method -- SpaceSpace--byby--Space MethodSpace Method

Also requires automatic Also requires automatic lighting controls, lighting controls, including daylighting including daylighting control in defined control in defined daylight zonesdaylight zones

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Adoption of Energy Codes U.S.Adoption of Energy Codes U.S.

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April 2012

ASHRAE Standard 189.1ASHRAE Standard 189.1--20112011

An optional compliance path (“Jurisdictional An optional compliance path (“Jurisdictional Compliance Option”) to the International Compliance Option”) to the International Green Construction Code (IGCC)Green Construction Code (IGCC)Green Construction Code (IGCC)Green Construction Code (IGCC)

“… compliance option of the International Green Construction Code.” Choice of the project team to use IGCC or Std 189 1

Official description of Standard 189.1 within U.S.

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team to use IGCC or Std 189.1

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Standard 189.1: Relation Standard 189.1: Relation totoOther Other ASHRAE StandardsASHRAE Standards

62.1 (current version)90.1 (current version)90.1 (current version) Standard 62.1

Adopt, with modifications

Adopt, with minor

modifications

Adopt

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Mandatory ProvisionsMandatory ProvisionsSite water useSite water use

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 –– Water Use EfficiencyWater Use Efficiency

Building water useBuilding water useHVAC systems, equipmentHVAC systems, equipmentWater consumptionWater consumptionmanagementmanagement

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Mandatory Provisions (Mandatory Provisions (contcont.).)HVAC Systems (HVAC Systems (§§6.3.2.3)6.3.2.3)::

Subsystem metering above thresholdsSubsystem metering above thresholds

Section 6 Section 6 –– Water Use EfficiencyWater Use Efficiency

-- Subsystem metering above thresholdsSubsystem metering above thresholds-- Efficient drift eliminators (0.002% Efficient drift eliminators (0.002%

counterflowcounterflow, 0.005% cross, 0.005% cross--flow)flow)-- Condensate collection from units >19 kW Condensate collection from units >19 kW

(65,000 Btu/h) in areas with mean(65,000 Btu/h) in areas with mean

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(65,000 Btu/h) in areas with mean (65,000 Btu/h) in areas with mean coincident wet bulb >72coincident wet bulb >72°°F (22F (22°°C)C)

Section 7 Section 7 –– EnergyEnergy

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Focus on EnergyFocus on Energy

OnOn--site renewablesite renewable Duct sealingDuct sealing

Key topics of late for revisions in U.S. Key topics of late for revisions in U.S. energy codes and standardsenergy codes and standards

OnOn site renewable site renewable energyenergySubmeteringSubmetering and and measurementmeasurementBuilding envelopeBuilding envelopeVentilation cont olsVentilation cont ols

Duct sealingDuct sealingFan powerFan powerVentilation air energy Ventilation air energy recoveryrecoveryPeak power demandPeak power demand

Ventilation controlsVentilation controlsEquipment efficiencyEquipment efficiency

Lighting powerLighting powerDaylighting, Daylighting, occupancy controlsoccupancy controls

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Highlights for Energy (Section 7)Highlights for Energy (Section 7)

Mandatory Requirements:Mandatory Requirements:-- OnOn--site renewable power (site renewable power ( 7.3.2)7.3.2)

P i i f f i ll iP i i f f i ll i llProvisions for future installation Provisions for future installation annual annual energy production energy production ≥≥6 6 kBtukBtu/ft/ft² (² (20 kWh20 kWh/m/m²) ²) singlesingle--story; story; ≥10≥10 kBtukBtu/ft/ft² ² ((32 kWh32 kWh/m²/m²)) multimulti--storystoryException for areas with low incident solar (4.0 Exception for areas with low incident solar (4.0 kWh/mkWh/m22/day), /day), account for local shadingaccount for local shading

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Energy Metering ThresholdsEnergy Metering Thresholds

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HVAC Equipment EfficiencyHVAC Equipment Efficiency

Standard 189.1 expands upon efficiency Standard 189.1 expands upon efficiency given in Standard 90.1given in Standard 90.1

§§7 4 3 17 4 3 1 Mi i i t ffi iMi i i t ffi i-- §§7.4.3.1 7.4.3.1 Minimum equipment efficiencyMinimum equipment efficiencyHigher equipment efficiency, orHigher equipment efficiency, orBasic equipment efficiency and more Basic equipment efficiency and more onon--site renewable energy and peak site renewable energy and peak demand reduction demand reduction

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§§7.4.3 HVAC7.4.3 HVAC

§§7.4.3.5 7.4.3.5 Fan power limits, Fan power limits, below Standard 90.1below Standard 90.1--20102010

- 10%- 10%

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§§7.4.3 HVAC7.4.3 HVAC

§§7.4.3.6 7.4.3.6 Expand energy recovery Expand energy recovery req’treq’t

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-- 60%60% energy recovery effectiveness energy recovery effectiveness (enthalpy)(enthalpy)

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Prescriptive Option (Prescriptive Option (contcont.).)§§7.4.57.4.5 PowerPower

Highlights for Energy (Section 7)Highlights for Energy (Section 7)

Peak load reduction:Peak load reduction:-- Reduce peak capacity of the building Reduce peak capacity of the building

through demandthrough demand--limiting or load limiting or load shifting measures (10%)shifting measures (10%)

-- Standby generation does not count…Standby generation does not count…

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Section 8 Section 8 ––Indoor Environmental QualityIndoor Environmental Quality

Key ItemsKey Items-- Outdoor airflowOutdoor airflowOutdoor airflowOutdoor airflow-- Tobacco smoke controlTobacco smoke control-- Outdoor air monitoringOutdoor air monitoring-- Filtration and air cleaningFiltration and air cleaning-- DaylightingDaylighting

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-- Thermal comfortThermal comfort-- AcousticsAcoustics

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Construction and Operation PlansConstruction and Operation PlansOVERVIEWOVERVIEW

All Mandatory Provisions:All Mandatory Provisions:All Mandatory Provisions:All Mandatory Provisions:10.3.1 Construction10.3.1 Construction10.3.2 Plans for Operation 10.3.2 Plans for Operation

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ASHRAE Energy GoalsASHRAE Energy Goals

ASHRAE goal to have netASHRAE goal to have net--zero energy and zero energy and carbon by 2030carbon by 2030

’ h l ll’ h l llASHRAE’s Tech Council will suggest EUI ASHRAE’s Tech Council will suggest EUI targets for Standards 189.1 and 90.1targets for Standards 189.1 and 90.1Monitoring of progress based on Monitoring of progress based on standardized computer modelingstandardized computer modelingGoal is to have 189 1 reach Net EnergyGoal is to have 189 1 reach Net EnergyGoal is to have 189.1 reach Net Energy Goal is to have 189.1 reach Net Energy Use Intensity targets (but not net zero) Use Intensity targets (but not net zero) by 2020by 2020

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Side Note …Side Note …

“ASHRAE is an endorsing organization for the “ASHRAE is an endorsing organization for the Healthy Buildings 2012 conference Healthy Buildings 2012 conference 88 12 July that will take place in Brisbane12 July that will take place in Brisbane88--12 July that will take place in Brisbane.12 July that will take place in Brisbane.Bill Bahnfleth (incoming presidentBill Bahnfleth (incoming president--elect of elect of ASHRAE) will be attending to present three ASHRAE) will be attending to present three papers and also is hosting a happy hour at papers and also is hosting a happy hour at his hotel on July 12 for ASHRAE members in his hotel on July 12 for ASHRAE members in the vicinity.the vicinity. If you meet any members from If you meet any members from Sydney who will be in Brisbane on July 13, Sydney who will be in Brisbane on July 13, we can get them an invite.”we can get them an invite.”

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Thank you!Thank you!

Comments, questions, concerns, advice …Comments, questions, concerns, advice …

D T L P E LEEDD T L P E LEED APAP

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Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEEDDr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED--APAPlawrence@engr.uga.edulawrence@engr.uga.edu