International Contributions to Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Studies

Alain Blondel MAP review Chicago 2010

International Contributions to Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Studies

R&D Experiments: MERIT@CERN MICE@RAL EMMA@Daresbury Lab proton accelerator R&D (CERN SPL; RAL Front End study) FFAG (Kyoto), MuSiC (Osaka) Other prospects: RF in magnetic field Muon Cooling Test Facility @ RAL + other, speculative ideas Design Study: IDS-NF -- European contributions Plans, recent successes, comment on sites Detector R&D for neutrino factoryC.E.R.N. SPC report; what it said about neutrino factory (Muon Collider?) MERIT and MICE essential but have been discussed elsewhere – will mostly skip


High-power target . 4MW . good transmissionMERIT experiment (CERN)

Major challenges tackled by R&D expts

Fast muon cooling MICE experiment (RAL)

Fast, large aperture accelerator (FFAG)EMMA (Daresbury)


EMMA – Electron Model for Many ApplicationsEMMA – Electron Model for Many Applications

Built at Daresbury Laboratory.Uses existing ALICE accelerator as injector.

Proof-of-principle non-scaling FFAG and prototype for Neutrino Factory.

Collaboration: Daresbury, RAL, Brunel, Imperial, OxfordBNL , FermilabTRIUMFCEA Saclay


EMMA LayoutEMMA LayoutSection of ALICE

Injection line

EMMA ringDiagnostics beam line

EMMA ring:42 cells, each ~40cm long.

Mounted on 7 girders/sectors.16.5m in circumference.

EMMA cell


StatusStatus• Injection line: completed in March

• Ring: “completed” 18th June

- 1st beam: 26th March

- Start up: 20th June

All sectors in place, 1 not connected up.Beam possible through 4: “4 sector commissioning”

EMMA on 18th June 2010


20-21st June

15:55 21st June

22:37 22nd June

EMMA Start-upEMMA Start-up

YAG screen images

Control room ~22:45

End of 4 sectors


• 4 sector commissioning: on-going

• Last sector cabling/connection to vacuum: on-going

• Full ring commissioning: on-going

• RF commissioning: late August

• Acceleration: ~end August

• Diagnostics beam line part 1: ~Sep/Oct

• “ “ “ part 2: ~late 2010

EMMA StatusEMMA Status


Incoming muon beam

VariableDiffuser

Beam PIDTOF 0, TOF 1

Cherenkovs

Trackers 1 & 2

Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3

Downstreamparticle ID: TOF 2, KL

EMR

RF cavities RF power

Spectrometer solenoid 1

Spectrometer solenoid 2

Coupling Coils 1&2

Focus coils

MICE Collaboration across the planet


Beyond MICE -- Ideas for a « Muon Cooling Test Facility »

ONCE MICE will be completed, having equipped the MICE hall with-- spectrometers, TOF and PID able to measure 6D emittance to 10-3

-- 8 MW of 201MHz RF power -- 23 MV of RF acceleration-- Liquid Hydrogen infrastructure and safety

MICE can evolve into a Muon Cooling Test Facility Some funding will be devoted to this within the FP7 program ‘TIARA’

Such ideas were proposed:

A. with the existing MICE hardware test optics beyond Neutrino Factory study II: non flip optics, low-beta optics (down to 5 cm vs 42 cm nominal) other absorber materials He, Li, LiH, etc.. and shapes (wedge, see P. Snopok)LN2 cooled RF cavities

B. with additional hardware: -- A. Skrinsky to test a lithium lens available at Novosibirsk -- Muons Inc. proposed to test a helicoidal channel (MANX) -- other cooling cells and possibly a more complete 6D Cooling Experiment


Proton driver R&D (RAL and CERN)


1. High power H- ion source

4. 324 MHz, 3 MeV, 4 vane RFQ

3. Three solenoid magnetic LEBT

5. MEBT and beam chopper

6. Beam dump

2. Laser profile measurement

- A high power proton driver for the

UKNF

1st FETS Beam April 2009 35 mA 200 µs 50 Hz

The Front End Test Stand(UK)

Simulated

Measured

ISIS, Astec, ICL, Warwick,Royal Holloway, Pays VascoFrackfurt TU

Also: LINAC IV at CERN under construction as part of LHC!

European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009

R.G. 3/10/200912

CERN SPL and PS2 Site layoutCERN SPL and PS2 Site layout

SPS

PS2

SPL

Linac4

PS

ISOLDE

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European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009European Strategy for Future Neutrino Physics – October 2009

R.G. 3/10/200913

Option 1 Option 2

Energy (GeV) 2.5 or 5 2.5 and 5

Beam power (MW)2.25 MW (2.5 GeV)

or

4.5 MW (5 GeV)

5 MW (2.5 GeV)

and

4 MW (5 GeV)

Rep. frequency (Hz) 50 50

Protons/pulse (x 1014) 1.1 2 (2.5 GeV) + 1 (5 GeV)

Av. Pulse current (mA) 20 40

Pulse duration (ms) 0.9 1 (2.5 GeV) + 0.4 (5 GeV)

Beam characteristics of the main options

Faster rep. rate new power supplies, more

cooling etc.

2 x beam current 2 x nb. of klystrons etc .

High Power SPL (beyond LHC)

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Until Jan 2010 a 4 GeV/ 200 kW SPL was baseline option for LHC injector upgrade. Emphasis now on understanding upgrades to SPS and booster. R&D on high power SPL will continue however.


Muon research in Japan

MUSIC at Osaka University (Kuno-san group)

FFAG studies at Kyoto (Mori-san Group)

COMET experiment at JPARC (see back-up slides)


Studies of a 3.6 - 12.6 GeVScaling FFAG -- Kyoto --

More tolerant to errors than non-scaling FFAG

What is the MUSIC@RCNP ?

• MUSIC (=MUon Science oriented Intense beam Channel)

muon particleexperiments

muon nuclear experiments and other applications

Accelerator R&D with muons

Muon transport system

Proton beam

Pion capture system

this part tested in 2010

April 1st, 2010

Pion Capture System Pion Transport System

Entrance of Proton Beam

targetproton beam

MuSIC First Beam from 29th and 30th, July, 2010

• A 36 hour beam time with 1 nA• Measurements on

• beam intensity and• beam spatial distribution

• Analysis is still being made.• Preliminary results (right)

• vertical beam distribution • integrated rate: 6x108

Hz/µA• some further corrections

needed to get final numbers.

• Future works• particle ID

• mixture of pions, muons and electrons

• momentum distribution• dipole field correction

counting rates as a function of vertical position

Summary• The first demonstration a the pion capture system by a

solenoidal field has been made at the MuSIC facility at Osaka University.

• The RCNP cyclotron has a 400 MeV cyclotron with 1 micro A at maximum (only 400 Watts beam power)

• The superconducting magnets for pion capture and pion transport systems have been constructed by April 1st, 2010 and tested this spring.

• In our first beam time of July 29th and 30th, about 106 particles were measured at the end of the beam channel for a 0.4 Watt proton beam

• It is expected that for a full beam intensity of 400 Watt proton beam at RCNP, more than about 108 muons can be obtained, which is the same as the world highest.

• This demonstrates that pion capture efficiency has been improved by about a factor of 1000.

• This would be the first demonstration of the front end of a muon collider and a neutrino factory.

• The funding for the muon transport system (180 degree bending part) is being requested to the funding agency (MEXT).


RF in magnetic field @ CERN

At CERN a large superconducting magnet M1 has been located

Could be used to test high gradient RF cavities 201 MHz first (MICE), and 88 MHz at a later stage

Under study (cost evaluation).aim : to complement the MTA programme.


At T2K/Minerva/NOvA near detector one can measure muon-neutrino AND anti-neutrino cross-sections

what about electron-neutrinos?

crucial for CP/T asymmetry!

a mini beta beam? (but E=2Q so need SPS type rigidity…. )

a muon storage ring (mini-neutrino-factory)?

A muon storage ring for 0.6-1.5 GeV muons gives same spectrum as =100 6He or 18Ne… or as the e appearance signal in the next generation of neutrino experiments.

A mini-neutrino factory?


The International Design Study of the Neutrino Factory


International Design Study IDS-NFAim: produce CDR for 2012/2013‘CDR’ implies:Physics performance of costed scenarioConceived as input to cost/performance comparison (presumably) required at e.g. next C.E.R.N. Council’s Strategy (CCS) Workshop/Process 2012/13 NB depending on schedule of CCS we may use the IDS Interim Design Report in preparation.

EU component is partly funded by FP7 EUROnu

https://www.ids-nf.org

https://www.ids-nf.org/


IDS-NFgood baselines: 2000-5000 km (e.g. FNAL– west coast or CERN-Finland) + magic baseline 7000-7500 (FNAL-GranSasso or CERN-India)


IDS-NF: A sample of contributions

-- powder target study (originally for T2K high power) (Densham)

-- shielded RF for phase rotation and cooling channel (Rogers) (assurance against possible loss of gradient in magnetic field)

-- On detector side : extensive study of MIND (Laing et al)(100 kton Magnetized Iron Neutrino Detector) (baseline)

-- magnetized TASD and Liquid Argon

-- on phenomenology side: observation of e oscillation throughwrong sign muons from tau decay (Donini)

see backup slides


CERN and neutrino facilities

At the request of the UK delegation a panel of the CERN scientific policy committee (SPC) prepared a report – which was endorsed with minor modification by the full SPC.

CERN/SPC/940 CERN/2894 http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=86142 under Item 17 a

http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=86142





Recommendations for specific support from CERN to enable strategic decisions

• Costing. Support for providing comparable costing of the superbeam, beta beam and neutrino factory options is needed within the EUROnu/IDS-NF framework. In Europe the expertise required for such a comprehensive work is only available from CERN. • Radioprotection and general safety issues. The development at CERN of a high power target facility, preferably with international collaboration from other laboratories would be a major asset, not only for the neutrino programme but also for the increasing number of areas where high power proton beams are needed. • Completing key R&D programmes:For the Beta Beam, it is vital to demonstrate the feasibility of producing sufficient 18Ne. For the Neutrino Factory continued contributions to the MICE experiment are important to demonstrate ionization cooling in a timely fashion for 2012/2013.

• R&D for future neutrino detectors. This has been taking place in Europe for some time and support from CERN, e.g. by supplying test beams, would be highly beneficial.


Long term strategy planning

• It is unrealistic to expect to have a high intensity neutrino source of any kind in Europe before early 2020’s. • By this time it is reasonable to expect that there will be many years of operating and upgrading Superbeams in Japan and in the USA. This should be closely followed. • Thus if Europe is to be competitive in the 2020’s it should concentrate on the R&D for a new intense source, i.e. the Neutrino Factory or the Beta Beam. It would be advisable to systematically review the progress and prospects of this work.


Conclusions

1. The key demonstration experiments for the neutrino factoryand muon collider are run by largely international collaborations.

2. The level of community involvement is uneven, it varies from a few isolated institutes (in Bg, CH, F, IT, Sp, In etc.. ) to a large national effort effort (UKNF), Jp in between

3. at CERN some effort is made to keep contact – but this is hard in the present time focus has been defined by SPC report: costing, safety, MICE

4. The pioneering (intellectual, organizational and financial) input from the US groups is essential …. and recognized!


Back-up slides


Fluidised Powder JetFluidised Powder Jet

• ~250μm tungsten powder driven by gas

• Number of potential advantages

can deliver material without splitting solenoid

carries heat away

but not a liquid

• Number of issues

never used as a target before

will need to be licensed

density, erosion, DC operation, etc

• Test rig built at RAL to test


Powder

– Rig contains 150 kg Tungsten

– Particle size < 250 microns

Total ~8,000 kg powder conveyed

– 90 ejection cycles

– Equivalent to 15 mins continuous operation

Batch mode

– Test out individual handling processes before moving to a continuous flow loop

1

2

3

4

1. Suction / Lift2. Load Hopper3. Pressurise Hopper4. Powder Ejection and Observation


Turbulent flow ~3bar

Dune flow ~1.5bar

Pulsing flow ~1.5bar Coherent jet ~2bar

It works!

Initial density measurement:42 ± 5%

Various improvements planned:

- prevent phase separation- DC operation

- minimise erosion- etc


make channel longer to allow for shielding of RF against guiding field(and make higher RF gradient)

recover most of performance Extra cost because of length and higher power neededhigher acceleration




Documents

International Contributions to Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Studies