International Conference On Cosmic Rays

JAIPUR, DECEMBER 2-14, 1963

Under the auspices of

The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics

and

The Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India

PROCEEDINGS

Edited by

R. R. Daniel P. J. Lavakare

M. G. K. Menon S. Naranan

N. W. Nerurkar Yash Pal

B. V. Sreekantan

Yolom* §

contents

OOSgOSITIOW

5- 1. Lightp Hsdlum and Heavy Nuclei in the

Primary Spectrum in 3.965 at Minneapolis

W»R. Webber

J. Ormss

Page

S

5-2. A sitter of the Multiply Charged Nucleiof th® Primary Cosmic Equator usingNuclear Emulsions - Part Is Fragmanta-

tion Parameters in Graphite

G.D. B&dhvarN. DurgapraaadB.ViJayalakshal

8

3- 5. A Study of the Multiply Charged Nuclei G.D, Badhvar

of the Primary Cosmic Radiation near the N .Durgapraaad

Geomagnetic Equator using Nuclear Emulsions B. Vljayalakahmim Part lit Chemical Composition of tha

Primary Cosnio Ray Nuclei of Charge %>, 6.

IS

5-4. A Study of Multiply Charged Nuclei oftha PriBAry Coaaic Radiation near the

Geomagnetic Equator using NuclearEmulsions - Part III* The Light Nuclei

of the Coaaic Radiation

N. Durgapraaad 17

5- 6. Flux and Energy Spectra of Heavy Primary H- lagodaHuolei Meaaured on Polar Orbiting Sata- K. Fukni

llitea

24

8- 6. Study of the Relative Abundance of tha

Primary Cosmic Ray Nuclei with Z * 26

0, AlvialJ. Riquelmi

52

5- 7. Energy Spectrum of Heavy Nuclei of

Primary Cosmic Rays fro* simultaneous

Flights from Texas, USA and Hyderabad,India

G.D.Budhvar

S. Bievas

R.B. Daniel

N.Durgapraaad

58

5- 8. Cosmic Ray Nucleus Component Investi¬

gation Performed on Soviet Satellites

and Probes

V.L. Ginsburg 41

V.I. LugaoiJetL.A. Rax&renov

M.I. Fradkin

'Mmm—u

8- 9. Caaages ia tha Primary Cosaie Bay

Proton Spectrum la 19§I ®M 19*8?• MayerB. ¥©gt

49

S-IQ. The Primary Goaale lay Proton Flux

over Hyderabad, India

¥•£« BhattB.R. ©@ai®JL

se

5-11. The Energy- Spectrum of Primary Cosmic

Bay Protons of Energy 8-iS 6»V from

eimultameoaa Flights aad« from Texaa

USA and Hyderabad, India

BJUD&niel 60

N .SraanivauBia*

5*12. Tha Flux of Primary Cosaie Ray Daute-

rons at a Gaosagnatie Latitude ofS.H. GaaguX± 68H.Kameewara», Rao

M«S. Svaml

9*18. Low Energy Protons, Deuterium aad

Alpha Particles in the PrimarySpectrum in 1968 at Ft. Churchill

and Minneapolis

V.B. Vabb*arJ. Oraaa

69

5-14. Cosaie Ray Intensity at Thule,Greenland and its Relation to Data

from Mariner II

H.7. Nefaar 76H.R.Anderaon

KBKKjBUCSLm^m^^BMmm

5-15. Iaotoplc Abundance of Carbon Nuclei in

Primary Coaaic Rays

H. Haaegavam.H. Aisu

K. Ito

88

5-16. On the Isotopic Composition of HydrogenNuclei in Low Energy Primary Coaaic

Radiation

H. Hasegatraa,S. Nakagawaa,S. Tamai

86

5-17. Iaotoplc Abundance of Helium Nuclei inPrimary Coaaic Radiation

H. Aisu 90

5-18. The Iaotoplc Composition and tha EnergyHelium Nuclei in Primary Cosmic Radiation

M.V.K.Appax BaoC. Dahaney-smkeMJ. Kaplcaaa.PJT. Lavakffitre

98

5-19, The Helium Isotopes in th® PrimaryCosmic Radiation

BJiildebramd

F.W. O'DellM.M. ShapiroR. SilborhergB. Stillmr

101

5-20. An Attempt to Determine tha laotopieComposition of High Energy HeliumNuclei in th® Primary Cosmic Radiation

V *K .BalaaubraaanyanS.7. DaaleG.S. Gokhale

M.G.S. Manon

S.K. Roy

5-21. Determination of Carbon Isotopes inthe Primary Cosmic Rays

G. Alvial 116

5*22. A Measurement of Low Energy Coaaio RayProtons

K.A. Brunstein 1£0

ELECTRONS AND PHOTONS

SSSSI9J I

5-25. Electrons and Photons in the PrimaryCosmic Rays

S. Hayaxawa 125

5-24. The Ratio of Electrons to Positrons

in the Primary Cosaio Rays

J.A.Da Shong Jr. 155R.H.Hildebrand

P. Mayer

5-25. Some Problema in Connection with

Galactic Electrons

N. Lund

B. SwanenhurgI. TanakaA.H. Vapstra

165

5-26. Investigation of Primary Electrons

at 46° Geomagnetic Latitude

B. AgrinierT. Koechlin

B. Parller

G. Boalla

G. Degli AntoniC. Dilworth

L. Scare!

G. Sironi

167

SESSION II

5»270 Gaaaa and x-Radiation Connected with

the Galactic and MstagalacticCosmic Rays

?.L. Ginsburg

S.I.Syrovat@ky177

5-28. Cosmic Gamma Ray Results from Explor¬er II

tf«L. Kr&uahstar

G.W. ClarkM. AgaglnoG. Garmir®H« Helmken

P. Higbi®

184

5-29, Investigation of Primary Gamma Rays E.M, HafnorJ.G. Duthla

MJ\ KaplonG. Share

190

5-50. 100 Channels, 0.1 to 2 M»V Gamaa-

Speetroaater of the Earth's Atmos¬phere between 0 and 160 km

D* Boolet

A. Duoros

J. Labeyrie)R. Rocohia

194

5-51. Gaaaa-Ray Spectrometer for Balloon

FlightsD. KohnK. PinkauG. Wibberrena

208

5-52. x-Ray Production in SupernovaRemnants

G. ClarkM. Oda

206

5-55. Possible Local Sources of Galactic

x-RaysS. HayakavaM. Matsaukav

215

General Disucsslon on Composition 219

ORIGIN

SESSION I

5-54, The Production of Cosmic Rays in ViolentEvents in Galaxies

G. Burbidge 229

5-55, The Origin of Cosmic Rays V.L. GinaburgS.I.Syrovatsky

501

SESSION H

5-56. Cosmic Rays from Large Supernovas S.A. ColgateR.H. White

555

5-57. Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and High-Energy Particles in Supernova

H. Sato 560

5-58. Possible Anisotropy of Coaaic Rayswith Respect to a Spiral Arm

S. HayakawaH. ObayashiS. Sakakibara

564

5-59. On the Configuration of Relativistic

Particles Generated by a Supernovain the Galactic Arm and an Inter¬

pretation of the Radio Spur

M. Oda

H. Kasegava

570

SESSION III

5-40. Cosmic Ray Equilibrium W .L .Kraushaar 579

5-41• Results of Calculation of EnergySpectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays

A.N.CharkhchyanT .N .Charakhcbyan

584

5-42. Transformation in the Composition of

the Galactic Coemic Radiation

during its Traversal in Space

G.D. Badhwar

R.R. Daniel

B.VljayalakabjBi

590

&»4S, Primary Cosmic Radiation of Ultra

High Energy

G«B«Kristian0

mmL~a

5»49. Comic Ray Data Derived from IsotopeStudies in Meteorite

H. Manke 475

S-60, The Temporal and Spatial Variationin Cosmic Rays

O.A.3ehaeffer

R. Davis Jr.

R.H. Stosnner

D. Heyaann

480

5-51. Solar Surface Nuclear Reactions EX. Fireman 487

Concluding Remarks B. Peters504

Author Index509

EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS

Scientific Secretaries:

S. Naranan

B. K. Chatterjee

T. Matano

G. T. MURTHY

M. V. Srinivasa Rao

Volume 4

ECTEMSIVE AIR SHOWERS

CONTENTS

SESSION I

4- 1, A general account of the various research V, Domingoactivities at Chacaltaya

Page

4- 2. Evidence for extensive air showers with

extremely few penetrating particlesK. SagaI. Escobar

K. MurakamiV. DomingoY. ToyodaG. Clark

M. La Polnte

4- S. The British Universities extensive air

shower project at Haverah ParkJ.G. ¥ilson

H.R. Allen

S.C. LillicraP

R.J.O. Held

K.E. rarvor

27

4-4. Extensive air shower studies in Australia G.B.A.MoCusker 55

4- 5. Primary energy spectrum from 6.101to 4.10 ev

G. Clark

H. BradtM. La PointeV. DomingoI, EscobarK, MurakamiSo SugaY. ToyodaJ. Hersll

65

4— 6.

17primary cosmic rays of energy 10

to

102° evj the energy spectrum andarrival directions.

J, Linsley 77

4- 7. Extensive aix showersof cosmic radia¬

tion

G.T. lataepinS.I, NikolskyG.B. Khristiansan

100

smm-Bi

8. Extensive air showers - studies of

Tokyo group

T. Mateno

I, Miura

M. NaganoH. Oda

S. Shlbata

I. Tanaka

G. Tanahashi

H. Hasegawa

129

4- 9. Extensive air shower studios of th©

TUR (Bombay) groupB«V. Sreekantan 145

4-10. Character of air showers at 5,200 aaltitude

I. Escobar

V, DomingoK, MurakamiK. SugaY» ToyodaG. Clark

M. La Pointe

M» Oda

H. Bradt

I. Miura

M. NaganoS. Shlbata

G. Tanahashi

H. Hasegawa

168

4-11, A description of a Modified complexinstallation for Investigationof extensive air showers andnew experimental data obtained

by means of this installation.

S.N, fornoTG.B. KhristiansenA.M. Abrosisov

"V.B. AtrashkevichM.F, BeliaevaO.K. Vedeneev

V,A. DmitrievG.H. Kulikov

Yu.A, N@«hinV.I. Solovieva

K.I. Solo¥i®wXu,A. FondaB.A. Khrenov

175

4»12. Further data on the photonic exten¬sive air showers

J, GawinJ, Hibner

A. ZawadtOd.E. Mass

ISO

SESSION IV

4-13, Arrival direction of uu-rich airshowers

Y, Sekido

S, Sakakibara

189

4-14. Studies on the anisotropy of cosmic

rays with the cosmic ray tele¬

scopes in .Nagoya

Y. Sekido

I. KondoT. MurayaaaY. KsmiyaH. Ueno

S. Mori

H. Okuda

T. Makino

S. Sakakibafa

K. Jujimoto

194

4-15. On the high energy photons fromlocal sources

A.E. ChudakovV.L. DadykinV.I. ZatseplnN.M. Keaterova

190

4-16. Core structure and properties of

extensive air showers

S* MlyakeK. Hinotani

T® Kaneko

N. Ito

205

4 »17. Development of vertical extensive

air showers in the upper part

of the atmosphere

R«A* Antonov

Yu.A, Smorodin

Z.I. Tulinova

209

4-18- The altitude variation of air

showers

K. Kemata

K. Murakami

S. Kawasaki

214

SESSION V

4-19. Nuclear-active particles in showerswith different number of

particles

T,V. Danllova

S.I. Nikolsky

£21

4-201 Studies gn extensive air showers4-2l| (10 ~ 1° ) at mountain alti-4-22J tude (800 g cm2)

B.K. Chatterje©G.T. MurthyS. Naranan

B.V, Sreekantan

M,V, arinlvasa Rao

4-27, Anisotropy of rauon rich extensiveair showers

T. Matano

I. MiuraM« NaganoM. Oda

S. Shibata

Y. Tanaka

G. Tanahashi

H, Hasegawa

248

4-28. N-partlcles in extensive air showers T, KamedaY. ToyodaT. Maeda

254

4-29. Arrival directions of large extensive B.R. Dennisair showers J.G. Wilson

258

4-30, Multiple muon events in air showersat sea leyel

R.G. BinghamE.W, Kellermann

261

§SfflIPJLJI

4-31. The density spectrum of extensive airshowers at very largd densities

T. GemesyA. SomogylG. Valas

267

4-32. Study of the properties of the pene¬trating component of extensiveair showers at.the depth of200 mwe.

T.T. Barnaveli

I.F. BibilashviliG,A, Grubelashvili

A.K. Javrishvili

R.E. Kazarov

R.V. Kuridze

I.V. Khaldeeva

273

4-33* Absorption characteristics of muonsin extensive air showers

K. Hinotani

S. MiyakeM.V, Srinivasa Rao

277

4-34, The fluctuation of densiby of tnuonain extensive air showers.

H. HasegawaT. Matano

I, Miura

S, Shibata

284

4-35. Production in the atmosphere of exten- T. Matano 290sive air showers containing very V,S, Narasimhamfew muons

4-36. Air shower fluctuations J. Lineley'

295 -

4-37. Two large air shower experiments C.B.A. McCusker 306H.D. Rathgeberh.M, Winn

SESSION VII

GENERAL DISCUSSION 313

Author Index 321