The 3rd International

Conference on

DISTRIBUTED

COMPUTINGSYSTEMSMiami/Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

October 18-22, 1982

SPONSORED BY

IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY

THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, INC.

In cooperation withAssociation for

Computing Machinery (ACM) (3CTY1)Information ProcessingSociety of Japan (IPSJ)Institut National de

Recherche en Informatiqueet en Automatique (INRIA)

IEEE Catalog No. 82CH1802-8

Library of Congress No. 82-83047

ComputerSociety Order No. 435

Order Irom IEEE Computer Society IEEE Service Cenler

Post Office Box 80452 445 Hoes Lane

Worldway Postal Center Piscataway NJ 08B54

Los Angeles CA900B0

COMPUTERSOCIETY t

PRESS

7/V^r

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SESSION 1A: DATABASE SYSTEMS

Transactions Modeling in Distributed Environments 2

C. Rolland and M. Vitali

Site Selection in Distributed Query Processing 7

A.-C. Liu and S.-K ChangSome Estimation Problems in Distributed Query Processing 13

C.T. Yu and Y.C. Lin

SESSION IB: SCHEDULING AND CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTED

OPERATING SYSTEMS

Scheduling Techniques for Concurrent Systems 22

J.K. Ousterhout

Decentralized Executive Control of Computers 31

E.D. Jensen

Dynamic Process Control for Distributed Computing 36

A.B. BaraJc

SESSION 1C: MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

A Distributed Parallel Computation Station Model for System, Environment

and Threat Simulation ,42

B.C. Bronson andL.J. Siegel

A Distributed Signal Processing Architecture 49

A.E. FilipA Multi-Port Memory Organization for Use in Distributed Computing Systems 56

P.S. Sawkar, T.J. Forquer, E.J. Schernecke, and H. Li

SESSION ID: FAULT TOLERANCE METHODS

A Fault-Tolerant Scheme for Distributed Transaction Commitment 64

M. Leszak and H. Breitwieser

A Distributed Algorithm for Post-Failure Load Redistribution 71

G. Barigazzi, A. Ciuffoletti, and L. Strigini

RHEA: A Fault and Damage-Tolerant Hierarchical Communication Support

System for Local Area Computing in Aggressive Environments 77

G. Caumont, J.C. Laprie, andD.R. Powell

SESSION 2A: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Software Design of a Local Data Network for Very Large Distributed Databases 86

J.J. Lin and M.T. Liu

PHLOX, Database Management Systems for Micro-Computers 92

B. Del Vecohio and A. Ferrier

JOBLIST—A General Data Structure for Communicating, Manipulating and

Managing Information in a Distributed Environment 98

P.A.D. de Maine and C.G. Davis

SESSION 2B: DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS

Resource Allocation for a Class of Problem Structures in Multistage

Interconnection Network-Based Systems 106

E. Opper and M. Malek

Analysis of Multiple-Queue Task Scheduling Algorithms for Multiple-

SIMD Machines114

D.L. Tuomenoksa and H.J. Siegel

Distributed Dynamic Hardware Operating System for Multiport

Reconfigurable Memory122

S.I. Kartashev and S.P. Kartashev

Distributed Coupled Actors: A Chorus Proposal for Reliability 128

J.S. Banino and J.C. Fabre

xiu

SESSION 2C: BUS ORIENTED MULTIPROCESSOR SYSTEMS

The DELTA 2—A Distributed Computer 136

M. Stern

Enhanced Concurrency in M-N Multiprocessor Systems 146

A. Gupta and H.-M.D. Toong

Application of Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing Techniques to Military

Standard Bus Architectures 152

J. W. Thomas, J.N. Patel, M.D. Vojta, and D. Bhatt

SESSION 2D: DESIGN OF FAULT TOLERANT SYSTEMS

Graceful Fault Tolerance in Large Networks of Microcomputers 158

D.P. Agrawal, B.K. Agrawal, and G.C. Pathak

Self-Checking Software in Distributed Systems 163

J.M. Ayaohe, J.P. Courtiat, and M. Diaz

The Design of a Fault-Tolerant Computing Element for Distributed

Data Processors 171

A.D. Hurt and J.R. Heath

SESSION 3A: DATABASE MACHINES

The Active Graph Database Machine 178

L. Bio, R.L. Hartmann, and J. Todhunter

The Design of "Low-End" Machines for Data Management in Distributed Systems ... 187

C.V. Ramamoorthy, S.L. Ganesh, S.T. Dong, C.-H. Jen, and W.-T. Tsai

Performance Analysis for Parallel Processing Schemes of Relational Operationsand a Relational Database Machine Architecture with Optimal Scheme

Selection Mechanism 196

Y. Kiyoki, M. Jsoda, K. Kojima, K. Tanaka, A. Minematsu, and H. Aiso

SESSION 3B: NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS

A Report on Process Management in a Guest Distributed System 206

I. Gertner

MIMAS—A Network Operating System for Strathnet 212

G.S. Blair, D. Hutchison, and W.D. ShepherdVirtual Memory Service in Local Area Network 218

A. Ferravante, M. Martelli, F. Tarini, and P. Zini

SESSION 3C: MICROPROCESSOR NETWORKS

An Experimental Real Time Kernel for a Multimicroprocessor Prototype 226

F. GregorettiAn Analytical Model of the MICRONET Distributed Database Management

System 232

T.B. Genduso and S. Y. W. Su

A Multimicro Architecture and Its Distributed Operating System for

Real Time Control 238

S. Rivoiro and A. Serra

PANEL SESSION 3D: DEVELOPING HIGHLY RELIABLE DISTRIBUTED

SYSTEMS (J. Goldberg: Chairman; H. Hecht, V. Nelson, S. Amoroso,

and G.W. Cox: Panelists)

SESSION 4A: REPLICATED DATABASES

Allocation Schemes of Multiple Copies of Data in Distributed Database Systems 250

Y. Matsushita, M. Yoshida, A. Wakino, and L.T. BengA Proposed Parity Structure for Large Remotely-Located Duplicate Date Files 257

J.J. Metzner

How Expensive Is Data Replication? An Example 263

D. Barbara and H. Garcia-Molina

The Exclusive-Writer Protocol: A Low Cost Approach for Updating ReplicatedFiles in Distributed Real Time Systems 269

W.W. Chu, J. Hellerstein, and M.-T. Lan

xiv

SESSION 4B: DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS

On Communication in the Design of Software Components of Distributed

Computer Systems 280

S.S. Yau and S.M. Shatz

Object-Oriented Structured Design of Layered Protocol Systems 288

R.J.A. Buhr and S. Michell

An Experiment in Distributed Program Design, Using Control Enrichment 294

M. Shapiro

SESSION 4C: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

On a Class of Fault-Tolerant Multiprocessor Network Architectures 302

D.K. Pradhan

Large Regular Interconnection Networks 312

K.W.DotyFault Diagnosis in Hypercube Connected Array of Processors 318

K.V.S.Bhat

SESSION 4D: DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING TESTBEDS

A Distributed System Experimentation Facility 324

H.K. Berg and M.G. Smith

A Comprehensive Approach to Instrumentation for Experimentation in a

Distributed Computing Environment 330

D. Bhatt and M. Schroeder

A High-Level Simulation Testbed for Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving 341

V. Lesser, D. Corkill, J. Pavlin, L. Lefkowitz, E. Hudlicka, R. Brooks,'

and S. Reed

ADNET: An Experiment in Computer Networking for the Royal Navy 351

J.A. Gadsden

SESSION 5A: MUTUAL EXCLUSION AND SYNCHRONIZATION

Abstraction and Nondeterminism in Concurrent Systems 358

G.J. Milne

An Optimality Theory for Mutual Exclusion Algorithms in Computer Networks 365

I. Suzuki and T. Kasami

Priority Driven Communication Protocol Design 371

H.-A. Lin and M.T. Liu

SESSION 5B: DISTRIBUTED SOFTWARE TOOLSAND METHODS

Formal Specification and Verification of Distributed Systems 380

B.-S. Chen and R.T. Yeh

Reliability Optimization in the Design of Distributed Systems 388

D.S. Raghavendra, M. Gerla, and A. Avizienis

BUGNET: A Debugging System for Parallel Programming Environments 394

R. Curtis and L. Wittie

PANEL SESSION 5C: ADVANCED DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURES

(G.J. Lipovski: Chairman; S. Lundstrom, L. Kartashev, and H. Sullivan: Panelists)

SESSION 5D: DISTRIBUTED TESTBEDS FOR REAL TIME SYSTEMS

A Hardware Architecture for a Flexible Distributed Computing Testbed 404

T.G. Williams, W.C. McDonald, M.W. Beasley, and G.W. Cox

System Software for Experiments in Distributed Computing on a

Distributed Testbed 410

N. Vosbury and C. Bryant

ADL/ADS—A Tool for Describing, Constructing, Conducting, and Evaluating

DDP Experiments416

J.T. Ellis and R. W. Smith

AOS—A Tool for Designing Distributed R,eal-Time Operating Systems 422

C.W. Crouch

SESSION 6A: CONCURRENCY CONTROL TECHNIQUES

On the Termination of Transactions in the Delta System 430

K. Ramamritham

XV

Classes of Serializable Histories and Synchronization Algorithms in Distributed

Database Systems 438

C. Hua and B. Bhargava

Queueing Analysis of the Ordering Issue in a Distributed Database Concurrency

Control Mechanism: A General Case 447

F. Kamoun, M.B. Djerad, and G. Le Lann

PANEL SESSION 6B: AD HOC TECHNIQUES VERSUS FORMALISM IN

DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMDESIGN (R. T. Yeh: Chairman; M. Alford, J. Mitchell,

R. Mayer, and J Urban: Panelists)

SESSION 6C: COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Some Comparative Measurements of Computer Interconnection 456

M. Pauik

A Mass Transport Service on High Transmission Rate Satellite Circuits—Some

Design Considerations 461

J.-L. GrangeFurther Simulation Results on the Performance of a New Double-Loop

Computer Network 467

S. Leventis and G. Papadopoulos

SESSION 6D: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS—PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES

A Real-Time Distributed Computer Network Experiment for BMD Terminal Defense . 474

S.F. Liu, R.W. Parker, andK.K. Okikawa

Experiences with Distributed Software Design in DDTS 475

C. Devor

Experiences with Distributing Graphic Software between Processors 486

G. Hamlin and J.E. GeorgeEffect of Resource Allocation on Distributed System Response—A Case Study 493

R.G. Schluter, J.C. Shih, and T.L. Maohleit

SESSION 7A: DEADLOCK DETECTION

A Distributed Deadlock Detection and Resolution Scheme: Performance Study 496

J.R. Jagannathan and R. Vasudevan

Communication Delay and Two Phase Locking 502

W.-T.K. Lin and J. Nolte

Performance Evaluation of the Optimistic Approach to Distributed Database

Systems and Its Comparison to Locking 508

B. BhargavaDetection of Inherent Deadlocks in Distributed Programs 518

K.Hao andR.T. Yeh

SESSION 7B: HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES FOR DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING

DPL-82: A Language for Distributed Processing 526

L. W. Ericson

The Design of a Programming Language Based on Connectivity Networks 532

R.J. LeBlanc and A.B. Maccabe

PASCAL + CSP, Merging PASCAL and CSP in a Parallel ProcessingOriented Language 542

J.-M. Adamo

Distributed Compilation: A Case Study 548

J.A. Miller and R.J. LeBlanc

SESION 7C: MULTISTAGE NETWORKPERFORMANCE

An Approximate Queueing Model for Packet Switched MultistageInterconnection Networks 556

T.N. Mudge and B.A. Makrucki

Minimization of Path Lengths in Single Stage Connection Networks 563

J.E. Wirsching and T. Kishi

A Bandwidth Analysis of Baseline Networks 572

J.M. Frankovich

XVI

PANEL SESSION 7D: DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING RESEARCH NEEDS

AND DIRECTIONS (P. Schneck: Chairman; B.W. Boehm, W.W. Chu, R.T. Yeh,C.V. Ramamoorthy, C.G. Davis, L.A. Belady: Panelists)

PANEL SESSION 8A: EVALUATION OF CONCURRENCY CONTROL

MECHANISMS (P.A. Ng: Chairman; B. Bhargava, H. Garcia-Molina, W.H. Kohler,R. Vasudevan, N. Griffeth, W.-T.K. Lin: Panelists)

SESION 8B: DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION

Structure of a Distributed Simulation System 584T. Christopher, M. Evens, R.R. Gargeya, and T. Leonhardt

Dynamic Routing in WISPAC: A Continuous System Simulation Machine 590

J. Castillo and S.D. Smith

Adapting a Simulation Language to a Distributed Environment 596

J. Bezivin andH. Imbert

SESSION 8C: NETWORK EVALUATION

VLSI Performance of Multistage Interconnection Network Using 4*4 Switches 606

L.N. Bhuyan and D.P. AgrawalA Comparison of Cube Type and Data Manipulator Type Networks 614

RJ. McMillen and H.J. SiegelPerformance of Packet Switching in Buffered Single-Stage Shuffle-

Exchange Networks 622

P.-Y. Chen, P.-C. Yew, andD. Lawrie

SESSION 8D: DATA FLOW ARCHITECTURES

A Distributed Computer Architecture for Real-Time, Data Driven Applications 630

J.R. Heath, G.D. Broomell, and A. Hurt

A Decentralized Controlled Multi-Processor System Based on the

Data-Driven Scheme 639

H. Nishikawa, K. Asada, and H. Terada

A Description Method and a Classification Scheme for Data Flow Architectures 645

A. Hazra

SESSION 9A: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL MODELING

Petri Net Specification of a New Protocol for Controlling a Distributed

System Organization 65<*

P. Estraillier and C. Girault

Modeling of Distributed Database Concurrency Control Mechanisms Usingan Extended Petri Net Formalism 660

M.T. Ozsu and B.W. Weide

Algorithms for a Broadcast Protocol Multiprocessor 666

S.P. Levitan

SESSION 9B: SOFTWARE TRANSPORTABILITY

The Programmable Compiler 674

G. Ruiz-Huerta

MML: A Programming Line for Multiple-Microprocessors Systems 680

M. Boari, S. Crespi Reghizzi, A. Dapra, and A. Natali

Portable Scientific Software, XTAL: An Example 689

R.J. Munn and J.M. Stewart

SESSION 9C: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DISTRIBUTED

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

A Stochastic Network Model with Applications to Distributed

Computing Systems 694

A.J. Lemoine and L. Meier

Validation of a Performance Model for a Decentralized Computer System 699

RJ. Souza and E.E. Balkovich

Performance Measures for Distributed Computing Systems 705

C. Weitzman

An Approach to Real Time Systems Modeling 710

P. Caspi and N. Halbwachs

XVI1

SESSION 9D: DATA FLOW LANGUAGES

Applicative Objects as Processes 718

J.R. Kennaway and M.R. Sleep

A Scheme for Handling Arrays in Data-Flow Systems 724

J.-L. Gaudiot andM.D. Ercegovac

Streams and Iteration in VAL: Additions to a Data Flow Language 730

J.R. McGraw and S.K. Skedzielewski

SESSION 10A: COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS

Method for Testing Data Communication Products That Implement

Standard Protocols 742

S. Yoshitake, M. Mashio, S. Ideguchi, and M. Katsumata

SOSAM for Hidden Nodes or an Efficient Collision-Free Access-Protocol for

Stationary Radio Networks with Less-Than-Full Connectivity 748

Y.I. Gold and W.R. Franta

A Distributed Failsafe Route Table Update Algorithm 755

J. Hagouel and M. Schwartz

SESSION 10B: LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

CICS 81: A VLSI-Based Local Network for Distributed Process-Control 764

G. Michel, J. Rouillard, G. Charles, and D. Tranvaux

TH-NET: A Microprocessor-Based Local Network 770

W.T. Chen, H.C. Wang, J.W. Tsai, and J.Y. Wei

SESSION IOC: PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MULTIPROCESSOR

SYSTEMS

Synthetic Workload Generation for Experimentation with Multiprocessors 778

A. Singh and Z. SegallAn Analytical Model for Evaluation of Distributed Multiprocessor Systems with

Shared Common Resources 786

G.H. Franzkowiak and R. W. Naro

Bounds on Bus and Memory Interference in a Class of Multiple Bus

Multiprocessor Systems 792

M.A. Marsan

SESSION 10D: PARALLEL PROCESSING

Systolic Algorithms for Monte Carlo Simulations 800

R.A. Whiteside, P.G. Hibbard and N.S. Ostlund

Concurrency Detection in Language-Oriented Processing Systems 805

R.G. WedigandM.J. Flynn

Eager Evaluation of Functional Programs and a Supporting Intercon¬

nection Structure 811

D.H. Grit and R.L. Page

SESSION 11A: MESSAGE ORIENTED MECHANISMS

MAILROOM: A Computer-Based Message System Model for Person-to-Person

and Process-to-Process Communication 818

R.J.A. Buhr and D.A. MacKinnon

A Message Oriented Language for System Applications 824

A. Koch and T.S.E. Maibaum

ENCHERE: A Distributed Auction Bidding System 833

M. Banatre and G. Lapalme

SESSION 11B: DESPERANTO

Performance Measurement and Exception Handling in Desperanto'sDistributed Environment 840

S.A. Mamrak, W.E. Ayen, F. Gherfal, and D. Leinbaugh

XVIII

Supporting Existing Tools in Distributed Processing Systems: The

Conversion Problem 847

S.A. Mamrak, H.-C. Kuo, andD. Soni

Guest Layering Distributed Processing Support on Local Operating Systems 854

S.A. Mamrak, P. Maurath, J. Gomez, S. Janardan, and C. Nicholas

PANEL SESSION 11C: ISSUES IN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

(P.A.D. de Maine: Chairman; H.K. Berg, P. Hsia, D. Siewiorek, W. McDonald, and

S. Nightingale: Panelists)

SESSION 11D: APPLICATIONS OF PARALLELISM

A VLSI Architecture for Fast Context-Free Language Recognition

(Barley's Algorithm) 864

Y. Chiang and K.S. Fu

A Parallel Processor System Dedicated to SIMD and Its Application to

Three-Dimensional Color Graphics 870

M. Kubo, E. Toshima, N. Mori, H. Hoshino, K. Agusa, and Y. Ohno

Parallel Processing for MIMD Systems 876

J. Liu and Y. Zhang

AUTHORINDEX 899

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