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International Business Ethics
BMJN 5402
Why International Business?
Economic growth from more free & open trade : thought to be most effective to improve well being of impoverished people
Economic integration prevents wars
Ethical Issue & Relativism
Business must often choose between obeying home country or following local rules
• Diverse culture diverse ethical value• Ethical principles vs. application• Virtue of integrity
Cultures have different values does not imply ethical relativism
Some Alternatives
Conforming with local values extreme ethical relativism
Moral rigorism extreme attachment to home countries’ values
Naïve immoralism
Some Alternatives
Conforming with local values extreme ethical relativism
Moral rigorism extreme attachment to home countries’ values
Naïve immoralism
None is perfectly acceptable
Other Alternatives
The Sullivan Principles
• Conforming to local values as long as it does not violate general ethics• Lobbying local regulators to eliminate unethical regulations
Lobby for establishment of inter-country agreements for “moral minimum” to operate in every countries
• Example : Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Agreement
Cross Cultural Values & International Rights
Minimalist approach meeting minimal moral rights
Maximalist approach MNCs are responsible to provide benefit &
support for communities
Universal Rights (Donaldson)
Freedom of physical movement
Ownership of property
Freedom from torture
Fair trial
Nondiscriminatory treatment
Physical security
Freedom of speech & association
Minimal education
Political participation
Subsistence
Cross-Cultural Ethical Guidelines (De George)Do no intentional direct harm
Produce more good than harm for host country
Contribute by their activity to host country’s development
Respect human rights of employees
Respect local culture & work with and not against it
Pay their share of taxes
Cooperate with local govn’t in developing & enforcing just background institutionsRecognize that majority control of a firm carries with it the ethical responsibility for actions & failures of the firm
Make sure that hazardous plants are safe & run safely
Ensure proper re-designing of hazardous technology for transfer to less developed country
International Issues in Bribery
US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977)
• Forbid US companies to pay bribes outside US• Amended in 1988 to allow facilitating payment
Why is bribery unethical?
• Promote unfair competition• Compensation for those who do not deserve• Unfair allocation• Promote other unethical and illegal act
Issues in International Biz
• Low wages• Outsourcing
Extortion & exploitation of workers in poorer countries
• Effort to lobby for deregulation
Race to the Bottom
• MNCs replacing legitimate government• Cultural homogenization threatens local culture &
traditions
Compromising democracy, cultural integrity & human right
Dumping
Defining Fair Wages
1 •Does not mean the same with wages of labors in MNC’s home countries
2 •Means that MNC must pay the similar responsibilities to employees at host countries with those in home countries
3 •Use of economic indicator (i.e. GDP, inflation rate) to define fair wages•Other approach : comparing labors’ quality of life
DumpingSell products below the market price or even production cost
• Against free market ethics
Why unethical?
“Against dumping” policy can’t be used to protect local market
• Unfair wages• Exclusion of depreciation
Dumping includes :
Thank You