INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS FOR POLYMERS AND ...3A978-0-306...International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1205 FRP, GRP, FK Glass ﬁ ber reinforced polyester FTIR

L.A. Utracki (Ed.), Polymer Blends Handbook, 1201-1214.© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.

APPENDIX I

INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS FOR POLYMERS AND

POLYMER PROCESSING

(Compiled by L. A. Utracki)

National Research, Council Canada, Industrial Materials, Institute, Boucherville, QC, Canada

AA Acrylic acid (monomer)aPP Amorphous polypropyleneAAS, ASA Copolymer of acrylonitrile, acrylate (ester) and styreneACM Acrylate rubber, based on ethyl acrylate with other acrylicsACS, ACPES Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymerABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate copolymerABR Elastomeric copolymer from an acrylate (ester) and butadiene;

a rubberABS Thermoplastic terpolymer, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymerABS-MA Maleated acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymerABM Copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-methyl acrylateABMA Copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-methacrylic acidABSM Graft copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-methylmethacrylateABSMA Graft copolymer of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-maleic anhydrideABVC Thermoplastic terpolymer, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-vinylchloride

copolymerACM Acrylic elastomer, e.g., alkyl acrylate-2-chloroethyl vinyl ether

copolymerACPES Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymerACRYL Poly- or copoly- methylmethacrylate (Acrylic)ACS Thermoplastic blend of acrylonitrile-styrene-chlorinated PE terpolymerAEM Elastomeric ethyl (or other) acrylate-ethylene copolymerAES Terpolymer from acrylonitrile, ethylene-propylene elastomer and

styreneAF Aniline-formaldehyde molding resinsAFMU Terpolymer of tetrafl uoroethylene, trifl uoro nitrosomethane and

nitrosoperfl uorobutyric acidAK Alkyd resinAMAB Copolymer from acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and butadiene rubber

1202 Appendix I

AMC Alkyd molding compoundAMMA Thermoplastic copolymer from

acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate

AMS α-methyl styreneAN AcrylonitrileANM Acrylate rubber, based on ethyl

acrylate with acrylonitrileAP, APR Elastomeric ethylene-

propylene-diene copolymer; now EPDM

APET Amorphous polyethyleneterephthalate

aPP Atactic PPAR Elastomeric copolymer from

acrylates and olefi nsARP Polyarylterephthalate liquid crystal

copolymers, also PATAS Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer

(see also SAN)ASA, AAS Thermoplastic copolymer from

acrylonitrile, styrene, and acrylatesASR Alkylene sulfi de rubberAU Elastomeric polyester or

polyurethane with polyester segments

BA, PBA Polybutylacrylate (incorrectly used for acrylic elastomer, ACM)

BAAN Butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer

BAMM Butyl acrylate-methylmethacrylate copolymer

BFE Bromotrifl uoroethylene polymersBIIR Brominated elastomer from

isobutene and isoprene; bromobutyl rubber

BMC Bulk molding compound (UP resins)BMI BismaleimideBMMM Butyl methacrylate-methyl

methacrylate copolymerBOPP Biaxially oriented polypropylene

fi lmBP, BR Polybutadiene or an isobutene/

isoprene copolymer; butyl or butadiene rubber

bPC Branched polycarbonate of

bisphenol-ABPA Bisphenol-ABR Butadiene rubberBu-ABS Graft copolymer of butylacrylate

and triallyl isocyanurate on polybutadiene, in turn emulsion grafted with styrene and acrylonitrile

CA Cellulose acetateCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrateCAN Cellulose acetate-nitrateCAP Cellulose acetate-propionateCB Cellulose butyrate (also carbon

black reinforcing pigment)CBR Chlorinated butadiene rubberCDB Conjugated diene butyl elastomerCE Cellulose plastics in generalCEM Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also

CFM, CTFEP, PCTFECF Cresol-formaldehyde resins (also

reinforcing carbon fi ber)CFM Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also

CEM, CTFEP, PCTFECHR Elastomeric copolymer from

epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide

CIIR Post chlorinated elastomeric copolymer from isobutene and isoprene

CM Chloro-polyethylene (also: Compression molding)

CMC Carboxy methyl cellulose, (or critical micelle concentration)

CMHEC Carboxy methyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose

CMPS Poly(chloromethyl styrene)CN Cellulose nitrate (Celluloid)CNR Elastomeric terpolymer from

tetrafl uoroethylene, tri-fl uoro nitroso methane, and a small amount of an unsaturated monomer, e.g., nitroso perfl uoro-butyric acid; nitroso or carboxy nitroso rubber

CO Polychloromethyl oxirane elastomer, epichlorohydrin rubber

International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1203

COP Cycloolefi n polymers or copolymersCO-PAI CopolyamideimideCOPE Copolyester elastomerCO-PI CopolyimideCOPO Poly(carbon monoxide-co-

polyolefi n), a linear, alternating terpolymer: ethylene-co-propylene-co-carbon monoxide

COX Carboxylic rubberCP Cellulose propionate, or chlorinated

polyethylene; also CPECP2 Alternating copolymer from vinyl

ether and maleic acidCP4 Copolymer from acrylic acid and

maleic acidCPE Chlorinated polyethyleneCPET Crystallizable (or chlorinated)

polyethyleneterephthalateCPI cis-Polyisoprene; also IRCPVC Chlorinated polyvinylchlorideCR Chloroprene, or Neoprene, rubberCRM Chlorosulfonated polyethyleneCRP Carbon fi ber reinforced plasticsCS CaseinCSM, CSPE Chlorosulfonated polyethylene; also

CSPE or CSRCSR Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (also

CSPE or CSM)CT, CTA Cellulose triacetateCTBN Carboxy-terminated nitrile rubberCTFE Polychlorotrifl uoroethyleneCTFEP Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also

CFM, CEM, PCTFECUT Continuous use temperatureCV Viscose; also VI

DAC DiallylchlorendateDAF DiallylfumarateDAIP DiallylisophthalateDAP DiallylphthalateDCA Dichloroacetic acidDMA Dynamic mechanical analysisDMC Dough molding compoundDMF N,N-dimethylformamide (solvent;

also DMT)DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent)DSC Differential scanning calorimetry

E-PVC Emulsion polyvinyl chloride; PVC polymerized in emulsion

E-SBR Polymerized in emulsion styrene/butadiene copolymer

E/B Copolymers of ethylene and 1-butene

E/P Ethylene-propylene copolymerEA, EAA Ethylene acrylic acid copolymerEAM Elastomeric copolymer of ethylene

and vinyl acetateEBA Ethylene butyl acrylate copolymerEBA-AA Ethylene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid

copolymerEBA-GMA Ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl

methacrylate copolymerEBA-MA Ethylene (50 to 90 parts)-co-butyl

acrylate (5 to 49 parts)-co-maleic anhydride (0.5 to 10 parts) copolymer

EBM Extrusion blow moldingEC Ethyl celluloseECA Ethylene-carbonate copolymerECB Blends from ethylene copolymers

with bitumenECO, CO Elastomeric copolymer from

ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin (also EO-ECH)

ECPE Extended chain polyethyleneECTF, Poly(ethylene-co-chloro tri-fl uoro ECTFE ethylene)EEA Elastomeric copolymer from

ethylene and ethyl acrylateEEA-GMA Ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl

methacrylate copolymerEEAAA Polyethylene grafted with ethyl

acrylate and acrylic acidEGMA Ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate

copolymerEHEC Hydroxy ethyl celluloseELAST ElastomerEMA Copolymer from ethylene and

maleic anhydride or ethylene-methyl acrylate

EMAc Copolymer from ethylene and methacrylic acid

1204 Appendix I

EMAC Ethylene methacrylate copolymerEMI Electromagnetic interferenceEMM Copolymer from ethylene and

methylmethacrylateEMP Ethylene-propylene copolymers

(ethylene modifi ed polypropylene)

ENR Epoxidized natural rubberEO-ECH Copolymer of ethylene oxide and

epichlorohydrin; also ECO, COEP Epoxy resinsEP-G-G Prepreg from epoxy resin and

glass fabric (German literature)EP-K-L Prepreg from epoxy resin and

carbon fi ber fabric (German literature)

EPD Ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer

EPD, EPDM Elastomeric terpolymer from ethylene, propylene, and a non-conjugated diene

EPDM-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer

EPE Ester of an epoxy resinEPR, EPM Elastomeric copolymer of ethylene

and propyleneEPR-MA Maleated ethylene-propylene

rubber, EPREPS Polystyrene foam; expanded PSEPT, EPTR Ethylene, propylene, and a non-

conjugated diene terpolymer; also EPDM

ES Ethylene-styrene block copolymerESCR Environmental stress crack

resistanceESD Electrostatic dissipationETE Engineering thermoplastic

elastomerETFE Copolymer from ethylene and

tetrafl uoroethyleneEtOH EthanolEU Polyether urethaneEVA Ethylene-vinyl acetal copolymerEVA-GMA Ethylene-vinyl acetate-glycidyl

methacrylate copolymerEVAc Copolymer from ethylene and

vinyl acetateEVAc-AA Ethylene-vinyl acetate-acrylic acid

graft copolymerEVAc-CO Ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon

monoxide copolymerEVAc-MA Copolymer from ethylene, vinyl

acetate and methacrylic acidEVAl, EVAL Copolymer of ethylene and vinyl

alcoholEVAVC Ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl

chloride copolymerEVC Copolymer from ethylene and

vinylene carbonateEVE Ethylene-vinyl ether copolymerEVM Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,

a thermoplastic elastomerEVOH Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer;

also EVAl, EVALEVP Ethylene vinyl pyrrolidinone

copolymer

FA Formic acidFE Fluorine containing elastomerFEP Fluorinated EPR;

tetrafl uoroethylene/hexa-fl uoro propylene rubber

FF Resin from furan and formaldehyde

FFKM Perfl uoro rubbers of the polymethylene type, having all substituent fl uoro, perfl uoroalkyl or perfl uoroalkoxy groups on the polymer chain

FK, FRP, Fiber reinforced plastic GRPFKM Hexa-fl uoro propylene-

vinylidenefl uoride copolymerFMQ Methyl fl uoro silicone rubberFP FluoroplasticFPM Vinylidenefl uoride/hexa-fl uoro

propylene elastomer; rubbers with fl uoro and fl uoroalkyl or fl uoroalkoxy groups

FPVC Flexible PVC fi lmFQ Elastomeric silicone with fl uorine

containing substituentsFRE Fiber reinforced epoxy


FRP, GRP, FK Glass fi ber reinforced polyesterFTIR Fourrier-transform infrared

spectroscopyFVMQ Silicone rubber with fl uorine, vinyl,

and methyl substituents

GC Gas chromatographGECO Epichlorohydrin-ethylene glycol-

glycidyl ether elastomeric copolymer

GEP Glass fi ber reinforced epoxy resinGF Glass fi ber, or glass fi ber reinforced

plasticGF-PF Glass fi ber reinforced phenolic resinGF-UP Glass fi ber reinforced unsaturated

polyester resinGMA Glycidyl methacrylate (monomer)GMT Glass mat reinforced plasticsGP Gutta perchaGPC Gel permeation chromatograph

(now: size exclusion chromatography, SEC)

GPO Elastomeric copolymer from propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether

GPPS General purpose polystyrene (also PS)

GPSMA General purpose styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (also SMA)

GR Government Rubber from state-owned factories in the USA during the Second World War

GR-1 Butyl rubberGR-N Nitrile rubber; now NBRGR-S Styrene-butadiene rubberGRP Glass reinforced polyester

(thermoset)GUR Ultrahigh molecular weight

polyethylene (UHMWPE)

HALS Hindered amines (antioxidants)HAO Higher alpha-olefi nsHBV Poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-

co-valerate)HDPE High density polyethylene

(ca. 960 kg/m3)HDT Heat defl ection temperature

HEC Hydroxy ethyl celluloseHIPS High impact polystyreneHISMA High impact styrene-maleic

anhydride copolymerHM Hot melt adhesiveHMC Sheet molding compound with high

glass fi ber contentHMW High molecular weightHMW-PE Polyethylene with high molecular

weightH-NBR, HNBR Hydrogenated acrylonitrile-

butadiene elastomerHPC Hydroxy propyl celluloseHPMC Hydroxy propyl-methyl celluloseHR High resiliency foamsHTE Hydroxyl terminated polyether

ICP Intrinsically conductive (or connecting) polymer

IEN Interpenetrating elastomeric network

IGC Inverse gas chromatographIHPN Interpenetrating homopolymer

networkIIR Isobutene-isoprene rubber

(butyl rubber)IM Polyisobutene; also PIBIO IonomerIPN Interpenetrating polymer networkIPS Impact resistant polystyreneIR, FTIR Infrared spectroscopy (or Fourrier-

transfrom infrared spectroscopy)IR Synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene,

synthetic isoprene rubber

L-SBR Solution polymerized SBRLCP Liquid crystal polymerLDPE Low density polyethylene

(ca. 918 kg/m3)LIM Liquid impingement molding (now

reactive injection molding, RIM)LIPN Latex interpenetrating polymer

networkLLDPE Linear low density polyethyleneLMDPE Linear medium density polyethyleneLPE Linear polyethyleneLRM Liquid reaction molding (now

1206 Appendix I

reactive injection molding, RIM)LRMR Reinforced liquid reaction molding

(now reinforced reactive injection molding, RRIM)

LSR Liquid silicone rubberLTG Low temperature zinc phosphate

glasses

M-PVC Polymerized in bulk polyvinylchloride

MA or Maleic anhydride (monomer) MAHMABS Copolymer from methyl

methacrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene

MAN Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile

MAS Copolymer from methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and styrene

MBA Copolymer from methylmethacrylate, butadiene and acrylonitrile

MBS Copolymer from methylmethacrylate, butadiene and styrene

MC Methylene chloride (solvent)MC Methyl celluloseMDI Methyl di-isocyanateMDPE Medium density polyethylene

(ca. 930 to 940 kg/m3)MEK Methyl ethyl ketone (solvent)MeSAN Copolymer from α-methyl styrene

and acrylonitrileMF Melamine-formaldehyde resinsMFI Melt fl ow indexMFK Metal fi ber reinforced plasticMFQ Silicone rubbers with methyl

and fl uorine substituent groups; also FMQ

MFR Melt fl ow rateMI Melt indexMIPS Medium impact strength

polystyreneMMA Methylmethacrylate (monomer)MMA-MAc-EA Copolymer of methyl

methacrylate, methacrylic acid and

ethyl acrylateMMBA Copolymer from methyl

methacrylate, butyl acrylateMMBA-TPT Copolymer from methyl

methacrylate, butyl acrylate, diallyl maleate and trimethylol propane triacrylate,

MMEA Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer

MMMA Methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate copolymer

MMPMI Methylmethacrylate-co-N-phenylmaleimide copolymer

MMS Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and α-methyl styrene

MMVAc Methyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer

MMVAc-AACopolymer of methylmethacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid

MMW Medium molecular weightMPC Tetramethyl polycarbonate;

also TMPC, TMBPA-PCMPF Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde

resinMPQ Silicone rubbers having both methyl

and phenyl substituent groups; also PMQ

MPR Melt-processable rubberMPS Poly(α-methyl styrene)MPVQ Silicone rubbers with methyl,

phenyl and vinyl groups; also PVMQ

MQ Elastomeric silicones with methyl substituents

MSABS Methylstyrene-styrene-acrylonitrile-grafted polybutadiene

MSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from α-methyl styrene and acrylonitrile

MSMA Copolymer of methylmethacrylate, p-methyl-styrene and maleic anhydride

MVQ Silicone rubbers having both methyl and vinyl substituent groups; also VMQ

MWR Molding with rotation

n-C6 n-Hexane


n-C7 n-Heptanen-C10 n-DecaneNBR Elastomeric copolymer from

butadiene and acrylonitrile; nitrile rubber

NC Cellulose nitrate; also CNNCR Elastomeric copolymer from

acrylonitrile and chloropreneNDPE Low density polyethylene;

see also LDPENIR Elastomeric copolymer from

acrylonitrile and isopreneNK Natural rubber; also NRNP Network polymerNR Natural rubber; also NK

OEP Oil-extended polymerOPET Oriented polyethyleneterephthalateOPP Oriented polypropylene, fi lm or

bottles; also PPOPR Elastomeric polymer from

propylene oxideOPS Oriented polystyrene fi lmsOPVC Oriented polyvinylchlorideOSA Olefi n-modifi ed styrene-

acrylonitrile copolymer

P-S, PSA Pressure-sensitive adhesiveP3FE Poly(tri-fl uoro ethylene)PA Polyamide; the abbreviation PA is

normally followed by a number, a combination of numbers, a letter or a combination of letters and numbers. A single number refers to the polyamide from an α,ω-amino acid or its lactam. A combination of two numbers is often separated by a comma. The fi rst number following the symbol PA indicates the number of methylene groups of aliphatic di-amines, the second number the number of carbon atoms of aliphatic di-carboxylic acids. An I stands for isophthalic acid, a T for terephthalic acid. For example, co-polyamide from caprolactam,

hexamethylenediamine condensed with isophthalic and terephthalic acids is abbreviated as PA-6IT6, or that from caprolactam, m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid as PA-mXD6, etc.

PA-6 Poly-ε-caprolactamPA-46 Poly(tetramethylene adipamide),

also PTAPA-66 Poly(hexamethylene diamine-adipic

acid), polyhexamethylene-adipamide

PA-6IT6 Poly(caprolactam-co-hexa-methylene diamine-isophthalic and terephthalic acids)

PA-mXD Poly(m-xylylene adipamide)PA-mXD6 Poly(m-xylylenediamine and adipic

acid-co-caprolactam)PAA Polyacrylic acidPAAE Polyarylamide-polyetherPAAM PolyacrylamidePABM PolyaminobismaleimidePAC Polyacrylonitrile fi ber (also PAN);

polyacrylatePACE PolyacetylenePADC Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate)PAE PolyaryletherPAEB Poly(p-aminoethyl benzoate)PAEI Polyacrylic ester imidePAEK PolyaryletherketonePAES PolyarylethersulfonePAI Polyamide-imidePAK Polyester alkydPALL Polyallomer — a block copolymer

of propylene, ethylene (1.5 to 3%), butene (8%) and hexene (5%)

PAMS Poly-α-methyl styrenePAN PolyacrylonitrilePANI PolyanilinePAPA Polyazelaic polyanhydridePAPI Polymethylenepolyphenylene

isocyanate; also PMPPIPAr, PAR Polyarylate,

[-φ-C(CH3)2-φ-CO2-φ-CO2-]n, amorphous polyester of bisphenol-A with isophthalic and terephthalic acids

1208 Appendix I

PARA Polyaryl amide (aromatic, usually amorphous polyamide)

PARS PolyaryloxysiloxanePArSi Poly(aryloxysiloxane), e.g.,

poly(dimethylsiloxybiphenylene-oxide)

PAS Polyarylsulfi de copolymers (esp. in German and Japanese literature)

PAS, PASU Polyarylsulfone [-φ-SO2- φ-O-]0.875[-φ-O-]0.125

PAT Polyaminotriazole; also polyarylterephthalate, aromatic LCP polyester

PAUR Polyester urethanePB Poly-1-butene, polybutylene; elastic

polydiene fi berPB-SMA Styrene-maleic anhydride-grafted

polybutadienePBA Polybutylacrylate; also poly(1,4-

benzamide)PBAN Poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)PBCD Poly(butylene cyclohexane

dicarboxylate)PBD PolybutadienePBE Poly(1-butene-co-ethylene)PBG Polybutylene glycol; also known as

polytetrahydrofuran, PTHFPBI PolybenzimidazolesPBMA Poly-n-butyl methacrylatePBMI PolybismaleimidePBN Poly(butylene-2,6-naphthalene

dicarboxylate)PBNDC Poly(butylene-

2,5-naphthalene-dicarboxylate)PBO PolybutyleneoxidePBR Copolymer from butadiene and

vinyl pyridinePBS Copolymer from butadiene and

styrene; see also GR-S, SBRPBT, PBTP PolybutyleneterephthalatePBT-PBG Copolymer of 1,4-butanediol-

polybutylene glycol-terephthalic acid

PBZ PolybenzobisoxazolePBzMA Poly(benzyl methacrylate)PBZT Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole)PC Polycarbonate of bisphenol-A

PC-Ph Co-polycarbonate from phosgene with bisphenol-A and phenolphthalein

PCA Polycarbonate-acrylicPCD PolycarbondiimidePCDP PolydicyclopentadienePCDT Poly(1,4-cyclohexylene

di-methylene terephthalate)PCE PolycycloenesPCF Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene fi berPCHMA Polycyclohexyl methacrylatePCI Poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene

isophthalate)PCME Poly(2,2-dichloro-

methyltrimethylene ether)PCN Poly(2-cyano-5-norbornene)PCO Polycycloolefi nPCT, PCTG Poly(cyclohexane terephthalate-

glycol), copolymer of cyclohexanedimethanol ( 66 mol %), ethylene glycol, ( 34 mol %) and terephthalic acid

PCTFE Polychlorotrifl uoroethylene; also CEM, CFM, CTFE

PCU Polyvinyl chloride (old German literature)

PDAP Polydiallylphthalate; also DAP, FDAP

PDCP PolydicyclopentadienePDMDPhS Poly(dimethyl-diphenyl siloxane)PDMS PolydimethylsiloxanePDPS PolydiphenylsiloxanePE PolyethylenePEA PolyetheramidePEAc PolyethylacrylatePEB polyethylene-p-oxybenzoatePEBA Thermoplastic elastomer, polyether-

block-amidePEC Polyestercarbonate or chlorinated

polyethylene; usually CPEPeCe Chlorinated PVC; also CPVC, PC,

PVCCPECO Polyethylene carbonate,PEE Polyester ether fi bers (containing

diol and p-hydroxy benzoate units, e.g., polyethylene-p-oxybenzoate

PEEI Polyesteretherimide


PEEK PolyetheretherketonePEG PolyethyleneglycolPEH High density polyethylene;

also HDPEPEI PolyetherimidePEIE Polyetherimide ester copolymerPEIm PolyetheriminePEK PolyetherketonePEKEKK Poly(ether-ketone-

ether-ketone-ketone)PEL Low density polyethylene;

also LDPEPEM Medium density polyethylene;

also MDPEPENDC, Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene PEN dicarboxylate) or

PolyethylenenaphthalatePENi PolyethernitrilePEO Polyethylene glycol, usually PEGPEOX Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)PEP Thermoplastic copolymer from

ethylene and propylenePEPA Polyether-polyamide copolymerPES Polyethersulfone [-φ-SO2-φ-O-]nPEsA PolyesteramidePESK PolyarylenethioetherketonePEST Thermoplastic polyesters, e.g., PBT,

PET, also TPESPET, PETP PolyethyleneterephthalatePETG Polyethyleneterephthalate glycol;

copolymer with 66 mol % ethylene glycol and 34 mol % cyclohexylene dimethanol

PEtI PolyethyleneiminePEUR PolyetherurethanePF Phenol-formaldehyde resinPFA Polyfl uoroalcoxyalkane; copolymer

of tetrafl uoroethylene and perfl uorinated

PFEP Copolymer from tetrafl uoroethylene and hexa-fl uoro propylene; also FEP

PFF Phenol-furfural resinPG Poly-α-hydroxy acrylic acidPGI PolyglutarimidePH PhenolicsPHB, POB Poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid)

PHBA Poly(β-hydroxybutyric acid)PHEMA Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylatePHIT Poly(hexylene-

isophthalate-terephthalate)PHMT, PHT PolyhexamethyleneterephthalatePHP Physiological hydrophilic polymersPhPS Poly(p-phenyl styrene)PHT, PHMT PolyhexamethyleneterephthalatePHZ PolyphosphazenePI Polyimide, but also trans-1,4-

polyisoprene, gutta-percha (UK)PIAN Isoprene - acrylonitrile oil resistant

elastomerPIB PolyisobutenePIBI Copolymer from isobutene and

isoprene, butyl rubber; also Butyl, GR-I, IIR

PIBO PolyisobuteneoxidePIP Synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene; also

CPI, IRPIPO PolyimidazipyrolonePIR Polyisocyanurate (foam)PIS PolyisobutylenePISU PolyimidesulfonePL Polyethylene (EWG); also PEPLA Polylactic acidPMA PolymethylacrylatePMAC Polymethoxy acetalPMAN Polymethyl acrylonitrilePMB Polyp-methylenebenzoatePMCA Polymethyl-α-chloro acrylatePMI PolymethacrylimidePMMA PolymethylmethacrylatePMMA- Poly(methylmethacrylate-co- GMA glycidyl methacrylate)PMMA- Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-acrylic MA acid)PMMI PolypyromellitimidePMP Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene; see also

TPXPMPhS PolymethylphenylsiloxanePMPPI Polymethylenepolyphenylene

isocyanate; also PAPIPMQ Silicone rubbers with methyl and

phenyl substituentsPMS Poly-α-methyl styrenePNA Polynuclear aromatics

1210 Appendix I

PNF Polyfl uoroalcoxyphosphazenePNR Polynorbornene rubberPO Polyolefi n, but also: Elastomeric

polypropylene oxide, and Phenoxy resin

POB, PHB Poly-p-hydroxy benzoatePOBA Polyoxybenzoyl acid, rigid-rod

polymerPOBI PolyoxadiazobenzimidazolePOCA Poly(oxy(cyanoarylene)) or

PolyoxycyanoarylenePOD PolyoctadecenePODZ Poly(p-phenylene 1,3,4-oxadiaxole)POM Polyoxymethylene,

polyformaldehyde, polyacetal or “acetal resin”

POMA Poly(oxetane methacrylate)POP Polyoxypropylene, usually PPGPOR Elastomeric copolymer from

propylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether

POT Polyoctyl thiophenePP Polypropylene or oriented

polypropylene; see also OPPPP-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed

polypropylenePPA Polyphthalamide; also

polypropyleneadipatePPAc PolypropylacrylatePPBA Polyparabanic acidPPC Chlorinated polypropylenePPC Polyphthalate-carbonate, High heat

PC with HDT = 160°CPPCA Poly(polycyclic (meth)acrylate)PPD-T, Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTA Kevlar™PPeA Poly(n-pentyl acrylate)PPE Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene

ether); see also PPOPPE-MA Maleic anhydride-modifi ed

poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene ether)

PPG Polypropylene glycolPPhA PolyphthalamidePPI Polymeric polyisocyanatePPMA Poly(phenyl methacrylate)PPMS, Poly(para-methyl styrene)

PpMSPPO GE Co., Polymer Products

Operation, trade name for poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene ether); see PPE

PPOEA Poly(phenoxyethoxyethyl acrylate)PPOX, PPO Polypropylene glycol, usually PPGPPP Poly-p-phenylenePPrA Poly(n-propyl acrylate)PPR PolypyrrolePPS Polyphenylsulfi dePPSK, PKS Polyketonesulfi de [-φ-S-φ-CO-]nPPSS, Polyphenylenesulfi desulfone, PPS-S polythioethersulfonePPSU, Polyphenylene sulfone; polysulfone PSF, PSOPPT, PPTP Polypropyleneterephthalate; see

also PTTPPTA, Poly(1,4-phenylene PPD-T terephthalamide)PPX Poly(p-xylylene)PPy PolypyrrolePPZ PolyorganophosphazenePQ Elastomeric silicone with phenyl

substituentsPS PolystyrenePS-GMA Styrene-glycidyl methacrylate

copolymerPS-MA Styrene-maleic anhydrite copolymerPS-TSG Polystyrene foam, processed by

injection (German literature)PS-VPh Poly(styrene-b-vinyl phenol) block

copolymerPSAB Copolymer from styrene and

butadiene; also SB, S/BPSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from

styrene and acrylonitrile; also SAN

PSB Styrene-butadiene rubber, also GS-R, SBR

PSBR Elastomeric terpolymer from vinyl pyridine, styrene, and butadiene

PSF Polysulfone, also PSUL, PSU, PSOPSI Polymethyl phenyl siloxanePSL PolyspirodilactonePSO Polysulfone, also PSUL, PSU, PSFPSOX Styrene polymer having reactive


(2-oxazoline) groupsPST Polystyrene fi ber with at least 85%

styrene unitsPSU Polysulfone

[-φ-SO2-φ-O-φ-C(CH3)2-φ-O-]nPSUL Polysulfone, also PSF, PSU, PSOPTA Polytetramethylene adipamidePTF Polytetrafl uoroethylene fi berPTFE Polytetrafl uoroethylene (also TFE)PTHF Polytetrahydrofuran [also known as

polybutylene glycol, PBG]PTMA PolytetramethyleneadipatePTMC Poly(trimethylene carbonate)PTMEG Poly(tetramethylene ether glycol)PTMG Polytetramethylene glycolPTMT Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate)

= polybutyleneterephthalate; PBTPTO PolytransoctanylenePTR Polysulfi de rubberPTT Poly(trimethyleneterephthalate);

also PPTPU, PUR Polyurethane elastomerPVA Polyvinyl acetalPVAc, Polyvinyl acetate PVACPVAl, Polyvinyl alcohol PVALPVBO Polyvinyl butyralPVBu Polyvinyl butyratePVC Polyvinyl chloridePVC-DC Poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinylidene

chloride)PVCA, Copolymer from vinyl chloride and PVCAc vinyl acetatePVCC Chlorinated PVC; also CPVC, PeCePVD Polyvinylidene chloride fi ber with

50 wt% vinylidene chloridePVDC Polyvinylidene chloride; also PVC2PVDF Polyvinylidene fl uoride; also PVF2PVE PolyvinylethylenePVF Polyvinyl fl uoridePVFM, Polyvinyl formal PVFOPVI Poly(vinyl isobutyl ether)PVID PolyvinylidenecyanidePVIE Polyvinylisobutyl etherPVK Poly-N-vinylcarbazole

PVM Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinyl methyl ether

PVME PolyvinylmethyletherPVMQ Silicone rubber with methyl,

phenyl, and vinyl substituentsPVOH Polyvinyl alcohol; also PVAL,

PVAlPVP Poly-N-vinylpyrrolidonePVPh Poly(4-vinylphenol),

poly(p-hydroxy styrene)PVSI Polydimethyl siloxane with phenyl

and vinyl substituentsPY Unsaturated polyester resins;

also UP

Q Silicone elastomerQA Quality assuranceQC Quality controlQDS Quality data statisticsQMC Quick molding change

RAM Restricted area moldingRCF Refractory ceramic fi berREX Reactive extrusionRF Resorcinol-formaldehyde resinRH Relative humidity (in %)RHB Reheat blow moldingRIM Reaction injection moldingRLM Reactive liquid polymerRMPS Rubber-modifi ed polystyreneRP, RTP Reinforced plastics, reinforced

thermoplastic, also RP/CRPBT Reinforced

polybutyleneterephthalateRPET Reinforced

polyethyleneterephthalateRPVC Rigid PVC fi lmRRIM Reinforced reaction injection

moldingRTD Residence time distributionRTM Resin transfer moldingRTP Reinforced thermoplasticRTPO Reactor-blended thermoplastic

olefi nic elastomerRTS Reinforced thermosetRTV Room temperature vulcanization

(of silicone rubber)

1212 Appendix I

RUC Chlorinated rubber

S-EPDM Sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer

S-PVC Suspension PVCSAA Styrene-acrylic acid copolymerSAMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-methacrylic

acid copolymerSAN Styrene-acrylonitrileSAN Thermoplastic copolymer from

styrene and acrylonitrile; also: AS, PSAN

SANGMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

SANMA Styrene-acrylonitrile-maleic anhydride copolymer

SAXS Small-Angle X-Ray ScatteringSB, SBR Thermoplastic copolymer from

styrene and butadiene; also PASB, S/B

SB/BA Styrene-butadiene-butyl acrylate copolymer

SBCL Styrene-butadiene-caprolactone copolymer

SBMA Styrene-butadiene-maleic anhydride copolymer

SBMI Styrene-butadiene-maleimideSBP Styrene-butadiene polymerSBR Styrene-butadiene elastomerSBS Styrene-butadiene-StyreneSBS Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock

polymerSCR Elastomeric copolymer from

styrene and chloropreneSEBS Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene

triblock polymerSEM Scanning electron microscopySEP Styrene-ethylene-propylene block

copolymerSF, SFM Structural foam, structural foam

moldingSFK Synthetic fi ber reinforced plastic

(German literature)SFP Scrapless forming processSHIPS Super-high impact polystyreneSI Thermoplastic siliconeSIN Simultaneous interpenetrating

network or semi-interpenetrating network

SIPN Sequential interpenetrating polymer network

SIR Elastomeric copolymer from styrene and isoprene

SIS Styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock polymer

SMA Copolymer from styrene and maleic anhydride

SMA-AA Styrene-maleic anhydride-acrylic acid copolymer

SMAA Copolymer from styrene and methacrylic acid

SMC Sheet molding compoundSMI Copolymer from styrene and

maleimideSMM-GM Styrene-methyl methacrylate-

glycidyl methacrylate copolymerSMM-MA Styrene-methyl methacrylate-maleic

anhydride copolymerSMMA, Styrene-methyl methacrylate SMM copolymerSMS Copolymer from styrene and

α-methyl styreneSP Saturated polyester plasticsSPC Statistical process controlsPP Syndiotactic polypropyleneSPPF Solid-phase pressure formingSPSF Solid-phase stretch formingSR Synthetic rubber, polysulfi de rubberSRIM Structural reactive injection

moldingSRP Styrene-rubber plasticsSSE Single-screw extruderSVA Styrene-vinyl-acrylonitrile

copolymerSVPh Styrene-p-vinyl phenol copolymerSWP Solvent welded plastics pipe

TA Cellulose triacetate; also CT, CTATC Technically classifi ed natural rubberTCE TetrachloroethaneTDI Toluene di-isocyanateTE Thermoplastic elastomer of any

typeTEEE Thermoplastic elastomer, ether-ester


TEO Thermoplastic elastomer, olefi nicTES Thermoplastic elastomer, styrenicTFE Polytetrafl uoroethylene (also PTFE)TGA Thermogravimetric analysisTGIC Triglycidyl isocyanurateTHF Tetrahydrofuran (solvent)TM Thioplasts, transfer moldingTMA Thermo-mechanical analyzerTMBA-PC Tetra-methyl bisphenol-A

polycarbonate (or MPC, TMPC)TMC Thick molding compoundTMPC Tetra-methyl bisphenol-A

polycarbonate (TMBPA-PC)TOR trans-polyoctenamer rubberTP ThermoplasticTPA, TPR 1,5-trans-polypentenamerTPE, TPEL Thermoplastic elastomerTPE-A Thermoplastic elastomer-amideTPE-E Thermoplastic elastomer-esterTPE-S Thermoplastic elastomer-

polystyreneTPES Thermoplastic polyesters, e.g., PBT,

PET, see also PESTTPI Thermoplastic polyimideTPO Thermoplastic olefi nic elastomerTPS Toughened PS (in the UK for HIPS)TPU, TPUR Thermoplastic urethanesTPV Thermoplastic vulcanizateTPX Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene);

see also PMPTR Thermoplastic elastomer or Thio

Rubber (UK)TREF Temperature rising elution

fractionationTS ThermosetTSE Thermoset elastomerTSI Thermoset polyimideTSUR Thermoset polyurethane

UE Polyurethane elastomerUF Urea-formaldehyde resinUFS Urea-formaldehyde foamUHMW-PE Ultrahigh molecular weight

polyethylene (over 3 Mg/mol)ULDPE Ultra low density polyethylene

(ca. 900 to 915 kg/m3)UP Unsaturated polyester

UP-G-G Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass fi bers

UP-G-M Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass mats

UP-G-R Prepreg from unsaturated polyesters and textile glass rovings

UPVC Unplasticized PVCUR Polyurethane elastomers; also UP

VAc VinylacetateVAc-AN Copolymer from vinylacetate and

acrylonitrileVAcE Vinylacetate-ethylene copolymerVC/E, VCE Vinylchloride-ethylene copolymerVCEMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride,

ethylene and methyl acrylate (or maleic anhydride)

VCEV Copolymer from vinyl chloride, ethylene and vinylacetate

VCMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and methyl acrylate

VCMMA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and methylmethacrylate

VCOA Copolymer from vinyl chloride and octyl acrylate

VCVAc Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate

VCVDC Copolymer from vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride

VCE Copolymer from ethylene and vinyl chloride

VCM Vinyl chloride (monomer); also VCVDC Vinylidene chlorideVDC/AN Copolymer from vinylidene

chloride and acrylonitrileVF/HFP Copolymer from vinylidene fl uoride

and hexa-fl uoro propyleneVLDPE Very low density polyethylene

(ca. 885 kg/m3)VMQ Silicone rubber with methyl and

vinyl substituentsVOC Volatile organic compoundVPE Vulcanized (cross-linked)

polyethylene; also XLPEVQ Elastomeric silicone with vinyl

substituentsVSI Polydimethylsiloxane with vinyl

1214 Appendix I

groups

WAXS Wide-angle X-ray scatteringWR Woven rovings

XABS Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/acidic monomer; an elastomeric copolymer

XLPE Cross-linked polyethyleneXMC Extra-strength molding compoundXNBR Acrylonitrile/butadiene/acidic

monomer; an elastomeric copolymer

XPS Expandable or expanded PSXSBR Butadiene/styrene/acidic monomer;

an elastomeric copolymer

YBPO Elastomeric polyetherester: [((CH2)4-O)n-CO-φ CO-O-]m

YSBR Thermoplastic, elastomeric block copolymer from styrene and butadiene

YXSBR Block copolymer from styrene and butadiene containing carboxylic groups

Note: This list is based on the nomenclature proposed by

diverse standardizing organizations, as well as on the acro-

nyms used in technical literature, viz. American Society for

Testing Materials, Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms

Relating to Plastics, ASTM D1418-01a, ASTM D1600-99

and there referenced standards; British Standards, Schedule of

common names and abbreviations for plastics and rubbers, BS

3502-1978; Deutsches Institut für Normung, Plastics, symbols

and codes for polymers and their special characteristics, DIN

7728 Teil 1 01.88; Symbols for reinforced plastics, DIN 7728

Teil 2 03.80; Plastics molding materials DIN 7742 Teil 1

01.88; Molding techniques for molding materials, defi nitions,

DIN 16700 09.67; Association Française de normalisation,

Plastics, vocabulary, T 50-100 08.90; Plastics, symbols,

T 50-050-1, T 50-050-2, T 50-050-3 06.89; International

Organization for Standardization, Plastics - symbols, ISO

1043-1; 1987, ISO 1043-2; 1988, ISO 1043-3; International

Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 18

583 (1969); ibid., 40, 473 (1974).

L.A. Utracki (Ed.), Polymer Blends Handbook, 1215-1322.© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.

APPENDIX II

MISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS1

(Prepared by S. Krause1 and S. H. Goh2)

1Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

2National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore

Defi nition of Miscibility

In the following Tables, a rigorous defi nition of miscibility is used. In order to be classifi ed as miscible polymers, there must be some evidence in the literature that the polymers are miscible on a submolecular (segmental) scale. If the polymer mixture contains several phases, the polymers are listed as miscible even if segmental miscibility data exists in only one of these phases, but this is noted under COMMENTS in the Tables. In Tables I-VII, which list miscibility in the amorphous state, for example, a polymer pair will be listed as miscible even if one or both of the polymers forms a single-component crystalline phase in the mixture; a note about the existence of crystallinity, however, is made under COMMENTS. Also, in some cases, there is evidence for miscibility of a polymer with only one microphase in a microphase separated block copolymer; this is also noted. In other cases, literature data indicate miscibility with a known block copolymer, but no data were shown that would indicate whether the mixture still contained the second microphase. In those cases, no comments are made in these Tables, and readers will have to make judgements of their own. Since miscibility on a submolecular or segmental scale includes co-crystallization, some mixtures that have proven co-crystallization behavior are shown in Table VIII.

There is some controversy in the literature about the dimensions of the submolecular scale of segment mixing that indicates true miscibility in the amorphous state of polymers (see Chapter 2 in this Handbook). Followers of one school of thought feel that every segment of polymer A must be surrounded by the numbers of segments of polymers A and B whose fraction is governed by the volume fraction of the two polymers present in that phase. This is the random mixing assumption implicit in the Huggins-Flory theory of polymer solutions and mixtures. These ideas are much too rigorous for real solutions, even solutions of small molecules. It is well known that clustering occurs in real solutions, so that volume elements containing an unexpectedly

1 Tables and some of the written material taken, with permission, from J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, E. A. Grulke, Polymer Handbook, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.

1216 Appendix II

large number of one of the solution components (in solutions of small molecules) or segments of one of the polymers (in polymer mixtures) can and do occur. An interesting case of clustering in solutions of small molecules occurs in water-benzene mixtures containing small amounts of water [Gordon, 1960]. Densities and viscosities of these single-phase solutions indicate that the water molecules almost certainly polymerize by hydrogen bonding into large clusters in these solutions. However, hydrogen bonding is not necessary for cluster formation; the interactions between the same molecules or segments must simply be more favorable than those between unlike molecules or segments. Thus, data gener-ated by some solid state NMR techniques and some fl uorescence techniques that can show the proximity of two polymers over a distance of 1 to 2 nm have often been misinterpreted to show immiscibility in a miscible polymer system. In fact, data showing that a large proportion of the nearest neighbor segments of a particular polymer belong to the same polymer could simply indicate clustering in a homogeneous phase.

Since the Tables of this Appendix II were prepared only from experimental data in the literature, only a few comments about the theoreti-cal treatment of polymer-polymer miscibility will be made here. Krause [1978] has discussed this topic, but only for the case in which each poly-mer is treated as monodisperse, and only in terms of the theories that existed at that time. Polymer samples, however, are all polydisperse, and theoretical treatments involving polydisperse, not monodisperse samples should be used. Fur-thermore, new theoretical treatments, some of which may supplant existing treatments in the future, are being developed at the present time. There is a large and growing body of literature on this subject, well beyond the scope of any state-ments made in this Appendix. Here we simply suggest three books in which the subject of poly-mer solutions and miscibility is treated at some length. Present theoretical treatments involving the miscibility of real, polydisperse (multicompo-nent) polymers in terms of the Huggins-Flory theory have been discussed at length by Kurata

[1982] and Kamide [1990], among others. One of the corresponding states (equation of state) theories of polymer solutions (for monodisperse systems) was discussed by Olabisi et al. [1979]. It is necessary to consider this and other newer theories of polymer solutions because the older Huggins-Flory theory does not allow the predic-tion of lower critical solution temperatures. The corresponding states theories were the fi rst to predict the full range of polymer solution phase diagrams.

Data CollectionAs stated by Krause [1999], the following Tables include the information from Krause [1989], addi-tional information from an incomplete polymer-polymer miscibility database compiled by one of us (SK), and the data from papers (but not patents) published in the English language and listed in “CA Selects - Polymer Blends” through December 1995 as compiled by one of us (SHG). Information on the database has been published in ChemTracts: Macromolecular Chemistry [Krause, 1991]. Note that Table VIII contains less complete information for the earlier years than the other Tables because most of the information in this Table comes from the incomplete database. The inclusion of patents and papers in languages other than English by SHG would have necessitated a great deal more time and additional data compil-ers. It would have been useful if the database had been up to date, but the funding for the database unfortunately ended at the end of 1989. A knowledgeable scientist needs to work full-time on such a database.

Arrangement of the TablesThe following eight Tables are the same as those compiled for the fourth edition of the Polymer Handbook [Krause and Goh, 1999]. Each Table contains a particular polymer mixture only once. The column labeled POLYMER I OF is an alphabetical listing. The column labeled POLYMER II OF is an alphabetical listing of the polymers miscible with the appropriate polymer from the fi rst column. The common names of polymers were used whenever possible;

Miscible Polymer Blends 1217

sometimes the Chemical Abstracts or IUPAC names of polymers also appear. Unfortunately, we could not cross-list the many possible names of the polymers. Thus, it may be necessary to look for a particular polymer under several names in these Tables.

The column labeled METHODS very briefl y indicates the method(s) used by the experimenters to determine miscibility in amorphous phases. A large number of such methods exist, but two of these are most commonly used. One of these involves the determination of glass transition tem-peratures (Tg’s) by methods such as DSC, DTA, dynamic mechanical measurements, dilatometry, or other methods. The observation of a single Tg for the amorphous portion of a polymer mixture, especially if it is intermediate between those of the constituent polymers and varies monotonically between these values as the mixture composition changes, has generally been considered an indica-tion of a miscible polymer pair. This method is diffi cult to use when the Tg’s of the constituent polymers are close together, perhaps within 10 degrees C of each other. Furthermore, the glass transition region of a miscible polymer pair is often broader than that of the unmixed polymers. Some experimenters have interpreted this as an indication of two overlapping glass transition regions, but we have taken the existence of such a broad glass transition region as an indication of miscibility. We feel that a broad glass transi-tion region probably indicates the existence of composition fl uctuations rather than two overlap-ping Tg’s.

The criterion of sample clarity has often been used as an indication of miscibility. This criterion will not work if the constituent polymers have the same refractive index or if they are so immiscible that they form phases so large that they do not scatter light appreciably. Furthermore, semi-crystalline mixtures are always turbid, even if their amorphous phases are completely miscible. In addition, on at least one occasion, a set of polymers was turbid at low temperatures, clear at intermediate temperatures, and turbid again at high temperatures only because their refractive indices became almost identical at the intermedi-

ate temperatures.All single methods, not all them described

here, of determining polymer-polymer miscibility sometimes give ambiguous results. Unless many experimenters have used a variety of methods to determine miscibility, the inferences drawn from the data may be wrong. This is one of the reasons for listing the methods used and the references that describe the experiments, results, and interpretation. Some of the mixtures listed in these Tables, especially when only a single mixture has been reported in a single reference, may turn out to be less miscible than stated. This is especially possible because some of the methods that were used in the original investiga-tions do not necessarily probe miscibility as such. For example, a negative volume change on mixing, that is, a shrinkage on mixing, could possibly be observed if each of the coexisting phases contains both polymers, though in different proportions, and if each of the coexisting phases has a negative volume change on mixing. Also, FTIR methods generally involve the observation of absorption band shifts due to hydrogen bonding between polymers; however, this hydrogen bond-ing could conceivably occur on phase boundaries or within coexisting phases each of which con-tains both polymers, but in different proportions.

The COMMENTS column in the Tables indi-cates compositions of copolymers, whether the samples were semicrystalline, and other relevant data.

The eight Tables are:I. Chemically dissimilar polymer pairs mis-

cible in the amorphous state at room tem-perature. Some of these polymers may be copolymers, but the polymer pairs may not have any monomer units in common. One or both of the polymers may be semicrystalline.

II. Polymer pairs containing one monomer in common (at least one of these must be a copolymer), miscible in the amorphous state at room temperature. One or both of the polymers may be semicrystalline.

III. Chemically dissimilar polymer triads and tetrads miscible in the amorphous state at

1218 Appendix II

room temperature. It seemed reasonable to place mixtures of three or four polymers that were miscible in a separate Table.

IV. Polymer pairs miscible in the amorphous state at room temperature. Molecular weight dependence investigated. These are usu-ally polymer pairs that are miscible when the molecular weights are low and immis-cible as when the molecular weights are increased.

V. Polymer pairs that appear to have high tem-perature miscibility although immiscible at or below room temperature (Upper Critical Solution Temperature [UCST] behavior).

VI. Polymer pairs miscible at room tempera-ture that appear to have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) above room temperature. These polymer pairs are also listed in one of the earlier Tables, usually Table I or II.

VII. Polymer pairs that appear to have both lower and upper critical solution tempera-tures.

VIII. Polymer pairs that co-crystallize and form mixed crystals. These blends are generally composed of polymers with similar sub-units that can substitute for each other in the same unit cells; this is generally called “isomorphous replacement”. This Table is probably incomplete even though co-crystallization is expected to be rare.

References

Gordon, M., Hope, C.S., Loan, L.D., Roe, R.-J. Proc. Roy.

Soc. (London) A258, 215 (1960).

Kamide, K. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions. Phase

Equilibria and Critical Phenomena. Elsevier, Amster-

dam (1990).

Krause, S. in Polymer Blends, Vol. I. D. R. Paul and

S. Newman, Eds., Academic Press. Polymer-Polymer

Compatibility, pp 15-113 (1978).

Krause, S. in Polymer Handbook, Brandrup, J. and Immergut,

E.H., Eds., 3rd Ed., Wiley - Interscience, New York,

(1989).

Krause, S. ChemTracts: Macromolecular Chemistry 2, 367

(1991).

Krause, S., Goh, S.H. in Polymer Handbook, Brandrup, J.,

Immergut, E. H., and Grulke, E.A., Eds. 4th Ed., John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1999).

Kurata, M. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions, Harwood

Academic, Chur (1982).

Olabisi, O., Robeson, L.M., and Shaw, M.T. Polymer-Polymer

Miscibility Academic Press, New York (1979).

Abbreviations

DSC Differential scanning calorimetryFTIR Fourier-transform infrared

spectroscopyIGC Inverse gas chromatographyLS Light scatteringMW Molecular weight (unspecifi ed)Mn Number-average molecular weightMw Weight-average molecular weightNMR Nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopyNRET Nonradiative energy transfer

fl uorospectroscopyPALS Positron annihilation lifetime

spectroscopySAXS Small-angle X-ray scatteringSALS Small-angle light scatteringSANS Small-angle neutron scatteringSEM Scanning electron microscopyTg Glass transition temperatureTm Melting temperatureWAXD Wide-angle X-ray diffraction


Tabl

e I.

C

hem

ical

ly d

issi

mila

r po

lym

er p

airs

mis

cibl

e in

the

amor

phou

s st

ate

at r

oom

tem

pera

ture

Pol

ymer

I o

f P

olym

er I

I of

M

etho

d C

omm

ents

R

efer

ence

s

2-ac

ryla

mid

o-2-

met

hyl-

vi

nylp

yrid

ine

sing

le T

g

II w

as 2

- or

4-v

inyl

pyri

dine

(2

blen

d sy

stem

s);

354

pr

opan

esul

foni

c ac

id

fo

rmed

com

plex

esac

rylic

aci

d ac

ryla

mid

e N

MR

fo

rmed

com

plex

es

1012

acry

lam

ide-

co-N

, fl u

ores

cenc

e st

udy

form

ed c

ompl

exes

; II

had

6.0-

55 m

ol%

acr

ylam

ide

859

N

-dim

ethy

lacr

ylam

ide

capr

olac

tam

(ny

lon

6)

sing

le T

g; W

AX

D

sem

icry

stal

line

1140

N,N

-dim

ethy

lacr

ylam

ide

fl uor

esce

nce

stud

y fo

rmed

com

plex

es

859

ethy

lene

gly

col

sing

le T

g; F

TIR

; NM

R

sem

icry

stal

line

whe

n >

50%

II

374,

772

, 953

,

1115

, 112

8

vi

nyl a

lcoh

ol

FTIR

; Tm

-dep

ress

ion;

NM

R

sem

icry

stal

line

197,

121

1, 1

255,

1

256,

125

7

vi

nylm

ethy

leth

er

sing

le T

g fo

rmed

1:1

com

plex

es

160

N-v

inyl

pyrr

olid

one

NM

R

form

ed c

ompl

exes

11

28ac

rylic

aci

d-co

-eth

ylen

e ca

prol

acta

m (

nylo

n 6)

si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 19

wt%

acr

ylic

aci

d 56

4ac

rylic

aci

d-co

-sty

rene

am

ide

sing

le T

g I

had

20%

acr

ylic

aci

d; I

I w

as n

ylon

6, n

ylon

11

47

1

or n

ylon

12

(3 m

isci

ble

blen

d sy

stem

s)

ca

prol

acto

ne

sing

le T

g I

had

11.4

-20.

8 w

t%

383

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

IG

C

I ha

d 2.

65-2

0 w

t% a

cryl

ic a

cid

72, 1

001

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-4-

sing

le T

g; I

GC

I

had

20 m

ol%

acr

ylic

aci

d 10

01

viny

lpyr

idin

e

et

hyle

ne g

lyco

l si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 21

wt%

acr

ylic

aci

d 38

4

is

obut

yl m

etha

cryl

ate-

co-

sing

le T

g; I

GC

I

had

20 m

ol%

acr

ylic

aci

d 10

01

4-vi

nylp

yrid

ine

met

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g I

had

8-20

wt%

acr

ylic

aci

d 72

, 382

, 384

n-pr

opyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 2.

65-8

.84

wt%

acr

ylic

aci

d 70

viny

lmet

hyle

ther

si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 8-

20 w

t% a

cryl

ic a

cid

576

acry

loni

trile

-co-

buta

dien

e ce

llulo

se a

ceta

te-b

utyr

ate

som

e co

mpo

sitio

ns

—

30, 2

49, 4

52, 6

51

appe

ared

hom

ogen

eous

chlo

ropr

ene

sing

le T

g w

hen

I ha

d 18

%

two

phas

es in

ele

ctro

n m

icro

grap

h w

hen

I ha

d 18

%

93, 7

97

acry

loni

trile

; sor

ptio

n of

acry

loni

trile

may

indi

cate

a c

ryst

allin

e ph

ase;

two

so

lven

t vap

ors

to

rsio

nal t

rans

ition

s w

hen

I ha

d 2

8% a

cryl

onitr

ile

ep

ichl

oroh

ydri

n si

ngle

Tg

II h

ad 2

6-54

wt%

acr

ylon

itrile

96

6

ni

troc

ellu

lose

tr

ansp

aren

t fi lm

s w

hen

I ha

d

imm

isci

ble

whe

n I

had

18.4

% a

cryl

onitr

ile

93, 2

96, 3

98,

28

.6-4

4.4%

acr

ylon

itrile

39

9, 4

52

vi

nyl a

ceta

te-c

o-vi

nyl

sing

le lo

ss p

eak

whe

n 40

%

two

loss

pea

ks w

hen

50%

vin

yl a

ceta

te in

II

296,

452

, 539

,

chlo

ride

viny

l ace

tate

in I

I; c

lear

fi lm

s

65

1

for

som

e m

ixtu

res

of

co

mm

erci

al p

olym

ers

1220 Appendix II

Tabl

e I.

C

ontin

ued.

Pol

ymer

I o

f P

olym

er I

I of

M

etho

d C

omm

ents

R

efer

ence

s

vi

nyl c

hlor

ide

sing

le T

g; I

GC

I

had

29-4

5 w

t% a

cryl

onitr

ile

9, 7

9, 8

5, 1

61,

19

6, 4

52, 4

84,

52

0, 5

61, 6

14,

61

5, 6

32, 6

82,

75

5, 7

99, 8

60,

86

7, 8

85, 1

186

viny

l chl

orid

e si

ngle

Tg;

mic

rosc

opy

I w

as h

ydro

gena

ted;

I h

ad 3

8 w

t% a

cryl

onitr

ile

1191

viny

l chl

orid

e, h

ead-

to-h

ead

sing

le T

g I

had

23.5

-56.

6 w

t% a

cryl

onitr

ile

158

acry

loni

trile

-co-

buta

dien

e-co

- et

hyle

ne-a

lt-m

alei

c an

hydr

ide

sing

le T

g; m

icro

scop

y I

was

mad

e fr

om a

cop

olym

er o

f AN

/MA

(75/

25)

11

56

met

hyl a

cryl

ate

gr

afte

d on

to B

D/A

N(7

0/30

) co

poly

mer

acry

loni

trile

-co-

buta

dien

e-co

- pr

opyl

ene-

co-v

inyl

chl

orid

e si

ngle

Tg

I w

as B

lend

ex 7

01; I

I ha

d 3.

2 or

3.8

% p

ropy

lene

; 10

7

styr

ene

el

ectr

on m

icro

grap

hs m

ay in

dica

te tw

o ph

ases

acry

loni

trile

-co-

met

hyl

N,N

-dim

ethy

lacr

ylam

ide

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 70

wt%

acr

ylon

itrile

(A

N)

648

m

etha

cryl

ate

mal

eic

anhy

drid

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

70 w

t% A

N

648

viny

l chl

orid

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

II

had

2-1

7 w

t% A

N

1091

N-v

inyl

pyrr

olid

one

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 70

wt%

AN

64

8ac

rylo

nitr

ile-c

o-m

ethy

l met

ha-

viny

l chl

orid

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 8/

58/3

4 or

32.

3/8.

1/59

.6//a

cryl

onitr

ile/

93, 1

078

cr

ylat

e-co

-α-m

ethy

lsty

rene

met

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate/

α-m

ethy

lsty

rene

acry

loni

trile

-co-

α-m

ethy

lsty

rene

al

kyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 30

wt%

acr

ylon

itrile

(A

N);

II

had

an a

lkyl

26

6, 2

68, 2

79

grou

p of

ace

tony

l, ch

loro

met

hyl,

2-ch

loro

ethy

l,

2-hy

drox

yeth

yl, 2

-hyd

roxy

prop

yl, m

ethy

oxym

ethy

l,

met

hylth

iom

ethy

l or

tetr

ahyd

rofu

rfur

yl

(8

mis

cibl

e bl

end

syst

ems)

n-bu

tyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g I

had

12 w

t% A

N

152

n-bu

tyl m

etha

cryl

ate-

co-

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 30

wt%

AN

; II

had

70 w

t% m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e 28

9

met

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 10

-28

wt%

AN

15

2, 2

77

et

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate-

co-m

ethy

l si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

30 w

t% A

N; I

I ha

d 30

or

60 w

t%

287

m

etha

cryl

ate

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e

et

hyle

ne, c

hlor

inat

ed

sing

le T

g de

pend

ed o

n A

N a

nd C

l con

tent

s 15

4

m

alei

c an

hydr

ide-

co-s

tyre

ne

sing

le T

g re

gion

of

mis

cibi

lity

was

sen

sitiv

e to

mol

ecul

ar w

eigh

t 10

11

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 10

-37

wt%

AN

; I h

ad 3

0 w

t% A

N a

nd I

I w

as

152,

277

, 101

0

atac

tic o

r is

otac

tic (

ref.

277

); I

had

6.5

-30

wt%

AN

(ref

. 101

0)

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-2,2

,6,6

- si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

30 w

t% A

N; I

I ha

d 7

6.2

wt%

27

2, 2

74

tetr

amet

hyl-

pipe

ridi

nyl

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e

met

hacr

ylat

e

n-

prop

yl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g I

had

17-2

0 w

t% A

N

152


Tabl

e I.

C

ontin

ued.

Pol

ymer

I o

f P

olym

er I

I of

M

etho

d C

omm

ents

R

efer

ence

s

viny

l chl

orid

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 30

wt%

AN

; mis

cibl

e w

hen

mel

t ble

nded

43

5, 6

84, 1

010

or

cas

t fro

m m

ethy

l eth

yl k

eton

e; im

mis

cibl

e

whe

n ca

st f

rom

tetr

ahyd

rofu

ran;

I ha

d 11

.9-3

0 w

t% A

N (

ref.

101

0)ac

rylo

nitr

ile-c

o-p-

met

hyls

tyre

ne

acet

onyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

43-6

1 w

t% A

N

118

2-br

omoe

thyl

met

hacr

yala

te

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 14

-61

wt%

AN

60

8

n-

buty

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

13.6

wt%

AN

28

5

2-

chlo

roet

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 18

.3-4

6 w

t% A

N

613

chlo

rom

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

13-4

2 w

t% A

N

263

cycl

ohex

yl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 2

2 w

t% A

N

120

2,6-

dim

ethy

l-1,

4-ph

enyl

ene

ethe

r si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

5.0

wt%

AN

27

5

et

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 12

-33

wt%

AN

28

5

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

12-3

4 w

t% A

N

285

met

hylth

iom

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

19-3

4 w

t% A

N

269

n-pr

opyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

6-28

wt%

AN

28

5

te

trah

ydro

furf

uryl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

12-4

8 w

t% A

N

286

tetr

ahyd

ropy

rany

l-2-

met

hyl

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 5-

29 w

t% A

N

119

m

etha

cryl

ate

acry

loni

trile

-co-

styr

ene

acet

onyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

33-5

8 w

t% A

N

121

aryl

ate

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y th

e gr

eate

st w

hen

AN

= 2

5%

7

ar

ylat

e of

tetr

abro

mob

is-

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

1048

ph

enol

-A-c

o-ar

ylat

e of

tetr

amet

hylb

isph

enol

-A

ar

ylat

e of

tetr

amet

hylb

isph

enol

-A

sing

le T

g I

had

4-13

wt%

AN

10

48

be

nzyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 7.

8-24

.3 w

t% A

N

1180

2-br

omoe

thyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

10-5

8 w

t% A

N

608

buty

lene

adi

pate

si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 13

-32.

3 w

t% A

N

228

buty

lene

seb

acat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 13

-20

wt%

AN

22

8

n-

buty

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-met

hyl

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 22

wt%

AN

; II

had

70 w

t% m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e 28

9, 4

05

met

hacr

ylat

e

t-

buty

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-met

hyl

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

621

m

etha

cryl

ate

capr

olac

tone

si

ngle

Tg;

FT

IR;

I ha

d 13

-30

wt%

AN

22

8, 2

95, 4

58,

m

icro

scop

y; L

S

565,

729

, 102

1,

10

47, 1

097,

1145

, 118

3

ca

rbon

ate

of b

isph

enol

-A-c

o-

sing

le T

g I

had

18

wt%

acr

ylon

itrile

; II

had

22

wt%

43

1

carb

onat

e of

bisp

heno

l-A

te

tram

ethy

lbis

phen

ol-A

2-ch

loro

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

12.5

-43

wt%

AN

61

3

1222 Appendix II

Tabl

e I.

C

ontin

ued.

Pol

ymer

I o

f P

olym

er I

I of

M

etho

d C

omm

ents

R

efer

ence

s

chlo

rom

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

12-3

7 w

t% A

N

262

cycl

ohex

yl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 2

0 w

t% A

N

119

cycl

ohex

yl m

etha

cryl

ate-

co-

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

621

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e

2,

6-di

met

hyl-

1,4-

phen

ylen

e et

her

sing

le T

g I

had

10.

5 w

t% A

N

457,

102

2

2,

6-di

met

hyl-

1,4-

phen

ylen

e et

her,

sin

gle

Tg

I ha

d 18

mol

% A

N; I

I ha

d 35

or

86%

ben

zoyl

ated

uni

ts

776

be

nzoy

late

d

et

hyle

ne a

dipa

te

sing

le T

g I

had

25-2

8 w

t% A

N

228

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

5.5-

28.0

wt%

AN

(re

f. 2

29);

I h

ad 9

-34

wt%

11

2, 2

29, 4

89

AN

(re

f. 1

12)

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-met

hyl

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 22

wt%

AN

; II

had

30 o

r 50

wt%

met

hyl

288

m

etha

cryl

ate

m

etha

cryl

ate

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-2,2

,6,6

- si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

30 w

t% A

N; I

I ha

d 13

.3 w

t% 2

,2,6

,6-

274

te

tram

ethy

l-pi

peri

diny

l met

hacr

ylat

e

tetr

amet

hyl-

pipe

ridi

nyl m

etha

cryl

ate

ethy

loxa

zolin

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

25-4

0 w

t% A

N; t

wo

Tg’

s w

hen

I ha

d 8,

23.

5

426,

652

or

70%

AN

hexa

met

hyle

ne s

ebac

ate

sing

le T

g I

had

16.2

wt%

AN

22

8

2-

hydr

oxye

thyl

met

hacr

ylat

e tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 22

wt%

AN

27

7

2-

hydr

oxyp

ropy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

22 w

t% A

N

279

itaco

nic

anhy

drid

e-co

-met

hyl

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

920

m

etha

cryl

ate

met

hoxy

met

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g; tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 30

wt%

AN

26

9

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e tr

ansp

aren

cy

I ha

d 9.

4-34

.4 w

t% A

N (

ref.

789

); I

had

9.5

-28

wt%

56

, 164

, 229

,

AN

(re

f. 2

29);

I h

ad 9

-39

wt%

AN

(re

f. 1

64)

39

2, 5

66, 5

98,

65

1, 6

70, 7

41,

78

2, 7

89

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

-N-

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

169

ph

enyl

itaco

nim

ide

met

hyl m

etha

cryl

ate-

co-

sing

le T

g m

isci

bilit

y de

pend

ed o

n co

mpo

sitio

ns o

f I

and

II

621

ph

enyl

met

hacr

ylat

e

m

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e-co

- si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

22 o

r 30

wt%

AN

; II

had

31.

4 w

t% 2

,2,6

,6-

272,

274

2,

2,6,

6-te

tram

ethy

l-

te

tram

ethy

l-pi

peri

diny

l met

hacr

ylat

e

pipe

ridi

nyl m

etha

cryl

ate

met

hylth

iom

ethy

l met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

9-36

wt%

AN

26

7

N

ovol

ac

sing

le T

g I

had

25 w

t% A

N; I

I w

as f

orm

alde

hyde

+

221

13

/17/

70 m

ol%

p-t

-but

ylph

enol

/m-c

reso

l/o-c

reso

l

ox

y-1,

4-ph

enyl

ene-

sulf

onyl

-1,4

- m

odul

us-t

empe

ratu

re

I ha

d 13

-16%

AN

68

5

phen

ylen

e ox

y-2,

6-di

isop

ropy

l-

1,4-

phen

ylen

e is

opro

pylid

ene

3,

5-di

isop

ropy

l-1,

4-ph

enyl

ene


Tabl

e I.

C

ontin

ued.

Pol

ymer

I o

f P

olym

er I

I of

M

etho

d C

omm

ents

R

efer

ence

s

phen

yl a

cryl

ate

sing

le T

g I

had

14.6

-34.

1 w

t% A

N (

ref.

717

) or

11.

5-32

wt%

71

7, 1

171,

118

0

AN

(re

f. 1

171)

n-pr

opyl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d 5.

7-19

.5 w

t% A

N (

ref.

229

) or

9-2

4 w

t% A

N

229,

109

0

(ref

. 109

0)

te

trah

ydro

furf

uryl

met

hacr

ylat

e si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

9-48

wt%

AN

28

1, 2

86

te

trah

ydro

pyra

nyl-

2-m

ethy

l si

ngle

Tg;

tran

spar

ency

I

had

31

wt%

AN

11

6

met

hacr

ylat

e

vi

nyl c

hlor

ide

sing

le T

g I

had

11.5

-26

wt%

AN

43

7ac

rylo

nitr

ile-c

o-vi

nylid

ene

ca

prol

acto

ne

sing

le T

g I

was

usu

ally

Sar

an F

(80

% v

inyl

iden

e ch

lori

de);

31

, 825

, 887

ch

lori

de

se

mic

ryst

allin

e w

hen

70

wt%

I

he

xam

ethy

lene

tere

phth

alat

e si

ngle

Tg

prob

ably

sem

icry

stal

line;

36

I

was

Sar

an F

(80

% v

inyl

iden

e ch

lori

de)

ally

l alc

ohol

-co-

styr

ene

este

r si

ngle

Tg

I ha

d M

w =

1.4

-2.1

kg/

mol

and

had

1.3

-7.7

wt%

46

, 869

O

H g

roup

s; I

I w

as b

utyl

ene

adip

ate,

but

ylen

e

seba

cate

, cap

rola

cton

e, 1

,4-c

yclo

hexa

ne d

imet

hyle

ne

su

ccin

ate,

dec

amet

hyle

ne s

ebac

ate,

2,2-

dim

ethy

l-1,

3-pr

opyl

ene

adip

ate

or h

exam

ethy

lene

seba

cate

(7

blen

d sy

stem

s); h

igh

OH

con

tent

of

I

favo

red

mis

cibi

lity

amic

aci

d 3,

3’-d

iam

ino-

4,4’

-ben

zidi

ne

tran

spar

ency

; FT

IR

I w

as P

AR

C-T

PI

1071

is

opht

hala

mid

e

ph

Documents

INTERNATIONAL ABBREVIATIONS FOR POLYMERS AND ...3A978-0-306...International Abbreviations for Polymers and Polymer Processing 1205 FRP, GRP, FK Glass ﬁ ber reinforced polyester FTIR