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Internal Criticism and External Context for the Literary
Text according to Ibn Qutaibah.
Saleh A.A.AI Khodhirey
Associate Professor, Arabic Language Department, Teacher's College, Riyadh
Abstract: This study investigated the efforts exerted by Ab u
Mohammed Abd ullah Bin Musl im Din Quta ibah (213-276H) wh o was
contemporaneo us to the beg innings of criti cal writi ng and tackled a
number of literar y criticism issues in a way coming from the inside of
the literary text such as: style technique, the poem approach, the
corre lation of the poe m lines, the innovation of poe tic balances, and
poets' doctrines, He also d iscussed several issues as derived from the
externa l context of the literary text such as: reasoning the rclical
prologue as der ived from the externa l context in whi ch the poem was
born, the incentiv es mot ivatin g the poet's ideas, and the cultural context
of the critic.
The study has concluded several results, and of which are: He was fully
famili ar wi th the style levels, and thus he was able to emphasize the
uniqueness of the style of the Holy Qu ran over oth er types of styles;
and he is oldest cr itic who ind icated that there is a technical app roach
wit hin the poem, a matt er wh ich has motivated seve ral Arab scholars
and orientalists to refut e his perspective. It has show n tha t he is the first
to indicat e that the non-correlation of the poem's lines is a sig n of
mann erism, .and he left the door open for innovation in balances in
conformity with certain controls, and he found some thing in the
externa l context that ass ists in revealin g the ambig uities of the literary
text. He also conside red the externa l context surro u nd ing the text as a
means for just ifying the relical prologu e. He was able to attribute the
attenua tion of the poet's poe try to the incenti ves leading to writing
poetry. He man aged in protecting the critical stud ies from the
domination of ph ilosoph ical culture.