Interdependence in Living Systems

SystemsAny group of parts that work together as a

unit.

How the body is organized:

• Cells – First level of organization; the basic unit of structure and function.

• Tissues – a group of cells that perform the same function.

Types of Tissues

• Muscle

• Connective

• Nerve

• Epithelial

Organs

A group of tissues that perform a specific function.

Organ SystemsA group of organs that work together to

perform a specific function.

Interactions Within the Human Body

Each organ system is dependent on other body systems.

Nervous SystemObtains and processes information from

the body’s internal and external environment; directs most body

functions.

Main components – BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND NERVES

Cardiovascular SystemTransports needed materials to body

cells; removes wastes (main components – HEART, ARTERIES,

VEINS)

Digestive SystemBreaks down food and absorbs the

broken-down materials (main components – LIVER, STOMACH,

GALL BLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE, AND LARGE INTESTINE)

Respiratory SystemGets oxygen into the body; removes carbon dioxide. (Main component –

TRACHEA, LUNGS, AND DIAPHRAGM)

Muscular System

Enables the body to move

Skeletal System

Supports and protects the body; works with muscles to enable movement

processes

Endocrine System

Produces chemicals called hormones that help control many body processes

(Main components – GLANDS, PANCREAS, AND KIDNEYS THAT

PRODUCE HORMONES)

Excretory System

Removes wastes; helps regulate water in the body (Main component – KIDNEY)

Immune System

Fights Disease (Main components – LIVER, LYMPH NODES, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, BLOOD, AND

THYMUS)

Skin (Integumentary) SystemProtects the body, keeps water inside,

and helps sense the external environment

Reproductive System

Create offspring, determines male and female characteristics (Main

Components – OVARIES and TESTES)

Interactions in TRANSPORTING OXYGEN

• RESPIRATORY – delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.– Trachea – tube connecting to the lungs– Alveoli –round sacs in the lungs– Moves oxygen from air to blood– Moves carbon dioxide from blood to air

•CARDIOVASCULAR – carries oxygen from lungs to bloodstream

•MUSCULAR – enables air to enter lungs

•Diaphragm – dome shaped muscle

Interactions in DIGESTING FOOD

• DIGESTIVE – breaks down food into simpler substances to be used by body cells– Mouth and Stomach – begins to break

down food– Small Intestine – Completes the

breakdown of food and absorbs the nutrients (through villi)

– Large Intestine – undigested food passes out of the body as waste

Interactions in DIGESTING FOOD

•MUSCULAR – moves jaws to break down food.

•Absorption of nutrients

•Enables you to swallow food

•Within the stomach – food is churned and squeezed, broken down into smaller particles

Interactions in DIGESTING FOOD

•CARDIOVASCULAR – carries nutrients absorbed through the small intestine to the blood.

•Nutrients are carried throughout the body.

MOVEMENTS: MUSCLES, BONES, AND NERVES

•MUSCULAR – produce movement by contracting or shortening

•SKELETAL – muscles attached to bones move your body

•NERVOUS – involved in movement. Brain and nerves direct muscles to contract.

•CARDIOVASCULAR – circulates oxygen and food to cells

•RESPIRATORY – brings oxygen into body, removes carbon dioxide

•DIGESTIVE – processes food for delivery to cells