Inter-Athletic Council of Officials

Inter-Athletic Council Inter-Athletic Council of Officials of Officials

New Official’s Basketball ClassModule 12

Foul Calling

Foul Calling Foul Calling At the completion of this Module

the student should:◦Understand what is the different

types of fouls are◦Understand the difference between

player and team control fouls◦Know what a the implications of a

double foul◦Know where the foul calling area is

located

Key TermsKey TermsAirborne ShooterContactIncidental

ContactVerticalityBlockingChargingHand CheckHoldingIllegal Use of

Hands

Player-ControlTeam Control

Foul PushingScreeningIntentional FoulFlagrant FoulShooting FoulFighting

FOUL REPORTING FOUL REPORTING MECHANICSMECHANICS

Foul Reporting ProcedureFoul Reporting ProcedureCall the Foul

◦Give foul called signal

Give Preliminary Signal (Required)◦Example:

Hold Push Hand-checking Illegal Use of Hand Player-Control Foul Team Control Foul

Foul Reporting ProcedureFoul Reporting ProcedureInform Partners of situation

◦Out of bounds spot◦Shooting Fouls◦Bonus ◦Free throw shooter (if necessary)

Hustle to the reporting area◦Completely stop when you get there◦No walking and talking

Foul Reporting ProcedureFoul Reporting ProcedureReport with strong voice

◦Color◦Number◦NO POINTING TO THE BENCH

Give signal you reported at the spot of the foul

Status of the ball◦Free throws◦Throw-in spot

Foul Reporting AreaFoul Reporting Area

L

T

L

T

Bench BenchTable

Stop the clock Preliminary Signal

What are we doing next?(Appropriate Signal)

Trail calls Foul Trail calls Foul (Half court)(Half court)

T

L

5

4

3

2

5

4

3

211 Foul

Bench BenchTable

Lead Calls Foul Lead Calls Foul (Half court)(Half court)

T

L

4

5

4

3

2

1

1

Foul

Bench BenchTable

5

3

2

Example: Proper Foul Example: Proper Foul SequenceSequence

Non-calling officialNon-calling officialWhen foul is called

◦Freeze your eyes◦Move to throw-in spot or FT lane◦DO NOT CHASE THE BALL DOWN!!!!

All officialsAll officialsTake your timeGet the administration of foul rightDead ball officiating is sometimes

more important than live ball officiating

Hustle to get ball back in playMake sure all officials are in

position and ready to go before putting ball back in play

Foul Calling ReviewFoul Calling Review

Is severe contact allowed by the rules?Can a defender move after establishing

Legal Guarding Position? When do you call a flagrant foul? What is considered fighting? How many free throws do you award

during an intentional foul?Who do you call a player control foul on? When do you file a Special Report?

CONTACTCONTACT

ContactContactRule 10-6

Players shall not:◦Hold, Push, charge, trip or impede

progress of an opponent by extending arm(s), shoulder(s), hip(s) or knee(s) or by bending his/her body into other than normal position; nor use any rough tactics

LEGAL GUARDING LEGAL GUARDING POSITIONPOSITION

Legal Guarding PositionLegal Guarding Position

Rule 4-23Guarding is an act to place the

body in the path of an offensive opponent.

Obtaining LGP◦ Player must have both feet on the floor◦ Front of the player’s torso must be facing

the opponent

Legal Guarding PositionLegal Guarding Position

Maintaining LGP◦ Player may have one or both feet on the playing court

or be airborne provided they have inbound status. ◦ Does not have to face opponent◦ Player may move laterally or obliquely to maintain

position, provided they are not moving towards opponent

◦ Player may raise hands or jump within his/her vertical plane

◦ Player may turn or duck to absorb the shock or imminent contact

Legal Guarding PositionLegal Guarding PositionTime and distance is never a

factor before contact

If opponent with the ball is airborne, the player must have maintained LGP before opponent left the floor

AIRBORNE SHOOTERAIRBORNE SHOOTER

Airborne ShooterAirborne ShooterDefinition

◦Player that has released the ball on a try for goal

◦Player that has tapped the ball◦Airborne shooter is considered in the

act of shooting◦Considered a shooter until player has

returned to the floor

Airborne shooter exampleAirborne shooter example

SHOOTING FOULSHOOTING FOUL

Shooting FoulShooting FoulStarts with contact during the habitual

motion to the basket

Contact applies on a try or tap for goal

Shooting player is allowed to finish motion to the basket

Being on or off the floor are not factors

Example: Shooting foulExample: Shooting foul

Example: Continuous Example: Continuous MotionMotion

Example: Continuous Example: Continuous MotionMotion

PLAYER-CONTROL PLAYER-CONTROL FOULFOUL

Player-ControlPlayer-ControlAny common foul involving the

ball carrier

Airborne shooter is still considered in player control even if ball is not in his/her hands

Player Control FoulPlayer Control Foul

Defender JumpsDefender Jumps

Example: LGP and PC FoulExample: LGP and PC Foul

Example: ReplayExample: Replay

INCIDENTAL CONTACTINCIDENTAL CONTACT

Incidental ContactIncidental ContactRule 4-27

Incidental Contact is contact with an opponent which is permitted and which does not constitute a foul

10 Players moving rapidly there is bound to be contact

Incidental ContactIncidental ContactContact which may result when

opponents are in equally favorable positions to perform normal defensive or offensive movements, should not be considered illegal, even though contact may be severe

Similarly, contact which does not hinder the opponent from normal defensive or offensive movement, should be considered incidental.

Example: Incidental Example: Incidental ContactContact

VERTICALITYVERTICALITYPoint of Emphasis 2011-2012

VerticalityVerticality

Mark Cladis - JBOJeffrey Rutledge & Octavio Herrera 42

VerticalityVerticalityPoint of Emphasis 2010-2011 Applies to a legal positionLegal Guarding Position must be obtainedDefender may rise or jump verticallyOffensive player is responsible for clearing

out or causing contact with a vertical player

Defender cannot “belly up” or use lower body on offensive player

Player with the ball is not given special protection over the defender

Example: Verticality

VerticalityVerticality

Example: VerticalityExample: Verticality

Example: VerticalityExample: Verticality

BLOCKINGBLOCKING

BlockingBlocking

Not being in Legal Guarding Position

Contact mostly with the torso

Often called for illegal screens

PUSHING OR PUSHING OR CHARGINGCHARGING

Pushing or ChargingPushing or Charging

Moving into an opponent

Using arms to impede an opponent

HAND CHECKINGHAND CHECKINGPOINT OF EMPHISIS 2011-2012

Hand CheckingHand CheckingDefending may not use arm(s) to

move, direct, stop or impede and opponent with the ball

Two hands on an opponent is by rule a foul

Not called enough or consistently

Hand CheckingHand CheckingJudgment Guideline:

◦RSBQ Rhythm Speed Balance Quickness

If any of these are changed “Call the foul, players will adjust”

Example: Hand checking

Example: Hand checkingExample: Hand checking



HOLDINGHOLDING

HoldingHolding

Players my not use arms to hold an opponent to impede their progress

ILLEGAL USE OF ILLEGAL USE OF HANDSHANDS

Illegal Use of HandsIllegal Use of Hands

Players may not strike, slap or grab the hands, arms or jersey of an opponent

“Reaching in” is not a foul

TEAM CONTROL FOULTEAM CONTROL FOUL

Team ControlTeam ControlAny common foul committed by the any

player of the team in control of the ball

Applies mostly on screens, post play or interrupted dribbles

Does not apply on try for goals, taps, rebounding or free-throws

New Rule added for throw-In when the ball is at the disposal of the thrower (4-12-2d)

SCREENINGSCREENINGPOINT OF EMPHISIS 2011-2012

Screening BasicsScreening BasicsTwo types of screens

◦In the field of vision◦Blind

Screener can face any direction

Time and distance are relevant

“Moving screen” is not a foul

Screening BasicsScreening Basics

Screener must be stationary, except when both (screener and screened player) are moving in the same path and direction

Screener must stay in his/her vertical plane with a stance shoulder width apart

Displacement on ScreensDisplacement on ScreensLegal Screen Illegal Screen

Blind ScreensBlind ScreensMust allow a step of the screened

player

Example: Illegal ScreenExample: Illegal Screen

REBOUNDINGREBOUNDINGPOINT OF EMPHISIS 2011-2012

ReboundingRebounding

To obtain legal rebounding position, players my not: ◦Displace, charge, or push and

opponent◦Extend shoulders, hips, knees or

extend the arms or elbows fully or position other than vertically

◦Bend in an abnormal position to hold or displace an opponent

◦Violate the principles of verticality

Rebounding ActionRebounding ActionEveryone has a right to their position

on the floor

Boxing out◦ Holding your position is allowed◦ Does not include “backing out” or pushing

Verticality also applies to rebounding plays

Example: Rebounding FoulExample: Rebounding Foul

Example: Rebounding FoulExample: Rebounding Foul

POST PLAYPOST PLAYPOINT OF EMPHISIS 2011-2012

Post PlayPost PlayLead Official is mostly responsible for post

players

Primary coverage is largely in the post

Identify who these players are early

Each player has right to position on the floor

Offense does not get special consideration

Post PlayPost PlayPoint of Emphasis 2011-2012:

◦When a player dislodges an opponent from an established position by pushing or “backing in” is a foul

◦When a player uses hands, forearms or elbows to prevent an opponent from maintaining a legal position, it is a foul

Do not only penalize the defense for

rough action

DOUBLE AND DOUBLE AND SIMULTANEOUS SIMULTANEOUS FOULSFOULS

Double FoulsDouble Fouls

Fouls committed by opponent against each other at approximately the same time

Can be personal or technical

Simultaneous FoulSimultaneous FoulA Personal or Technical Foul by

opponents is a situation which there is a foul by both teams which occur approximately at the same time, but are not committed by opponents against each other

POINT OF POINT OF INTERRUPTIONINTERRUPTION

Point of InterruptionPoint of InterruptionRule 4-36-1

Applies to ◦ Double Personal Fouls◦ Double Technical Fouls◦ Simultaneous Fouls

Also applies to accidental whistles, an interrupted game or correctable errors

MULTIPLE FOULMULTIPLE FOUL

Multiple FoulMultiple FoulA foul where two or more

teammates commit personal fouls against the same opponent at approximately the same time.

Pick one or the other player

Do not call this!!!!!!

FALSE DEFINITION FALSE DEFINITION FOULSFOULS

False FoulsFalse FoulsFalse Double Foul

◦Rule 4-19-9

False multiple Fouls◦Rule 4-19-12

These are “technical” definitions, not something you actually call, but is a result of things called

INTENTIONAL FOULINTENTIONAL FOUL

Intentional FoulIntentional FoulA personal or technical foul which

neutralizes an opponent’s obvious advantageous position

Contact away from the ball

Not making a legitimate attempt to play the ball

Intentional FoulIntentional FoulMay or may not be predetermined

Are not solely based on severity of contact

Should be called if excessive contact is caused by an opponent

Contact with the thrower-in ◦ New Rule Clarification◦Foul goes to offender

Intentional FoulIntentional Foul

Penalty: Award two shots and the ball on most

intentional fouls

Award three shots and the ball on missed three point attempts

Basket goes in during a shot, always award 2 (or 3) points and the ball nearest the spot of the foul

Always the offended player shoots the free throws◦ Exception: Injury to offended player

Example: Intentional FoulExample: Intentional Foul

FLAGRANT FOULSFLAGRANT FOULS

Flagrant FoulFlagrant FoulPersonal or Technical foul that is

considered violent or savage in nature

Non-contact technical foul which displays unacceptable in nature

May or may not be committed on purpose

Flagrant FoulFlagrant FoulIf a personal foul, a flagrant foul

involves but is not limited to a violent contact such as:

Striking Kicking Kneeing

If Technical, it involves dead ball contact or non-contact which is considered extreme or persistent, vulgar or abusive contact

TECHNICAL FOULSTECHNICAL FOULS

Technical FoulTechnical FoulA foul by a non-player

A non-contact foul by a player

An intentional or flagrant contact foul while the ball is dead (except airborne shooter)

Technical FoulTechnical FoulTeam Technical (Rule 10-1)

◦Charged to team and not coach or player Failing to supply the scorer with the proper

information at the 10 minute mark Using a television monitor or computer as

a replay device for coaching purposes/use of megaphone or electronic transmission device (cell phone)

Failure to occupy team bench area Allowing the game to develop into an

actionless contest (5 items specifically)

Technical FoulTechnical FoulTeam Technical (Rule 10-1)

◦Charged to team and not coach or player More than 5 players on the court Request an excess time-out Commit and unsporting foul Fail to have all players return to the court

at the same time following a time-out or intermission

Allow players to lock arms or grasp a teammate(s) in an effort to restrict the movement of an opponent

Technical FoulTechnical FoulSubstitute Technical (Rule 10-2-1)

◦A substitute shall not enter the court: Without reporting to the scorer Without being beckoned by an official,

except between quarters

Technical FoulTechnical FoulPlayer Technical

◦A player shall not: Participate after changing their number without

reporting it to the scorer or official Purposely and/or deceitfully delay returning after

legally being out of bounds Grasp either basket during the official’s

jurisdiction Before the game Halftime

Illegally contact the basket or ring (explain later in class)

Delaying the game (4 items)


◦A player shall not: Commit and unsporting foul (included and not

limited to) Disrespectfully addressing/contacting an official or

gesture that incites resentment Using profane and inappropriate language or obscene

gestures Baiting and taunting an opponent Purposely obstructing an opponent’s vision by waving

or placing hand(s) near his/her eyes Climbing on or lifting a teammate to secure greater

height Using tobacco or smokeless tobacco Removing the jersey and/or pants/skirt within the

visual confines of the playing area


◦A player shall not: Intentionally or flagrantly contact an

opponent when the ball is dead and such contact is not a personal foul

Fighting ONLY A FLAGRANT FOUL

Goaltending during a free throw Reach through the throw-in boundary-line

plane and touch or dislodge ball

Technical FoulTechnical FoulBench Technical

◦Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Assistant coaches Substitutes Disqualified team members Trainers Scorekeepers Anyone else on the team bench


◦Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Commit an unsporting foul, included but

not limited to Most acts listed under Player Technical section

Objecting to an official’s decision by rising from the bench or using gestures

Inciting undesired crowd reactions Fighting Removing jersey and/or pants/skirts within the

confines of the playing area


◦Head coach is responsible for the conduct of his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Enter the court unless by permission of

an official to attend to an injured player Use tobacco or smokeless tobacco

Technical FoulTechnical Foul

Bench Technical◦Head coach is responsible for the conduct of

his/her bench’s behavior which includes: Stand a the team bench while the clock is running

or stopped and must remain seated except: The head coach When a team member is reporting to the scorer’s table During a charged Timeout or intermission between

quarters and extra periods Spontaneously reacting to outstanding play by team

member or acknowledge a replaced player(s) but must immediately return to his/her seat


Bench TechnicalResults in two types of foul classifications:◦Direct technical

charged to the head coach because of his/her actions or permitting a player to participate after they have been disqualified

◦An Indirect Technical charged to the head coach as a result of a bench

technical being assessed to bench personnel or a technical being assessed to a team member for dunking or grasping the ring during pre-game warm-ups

Technical FoulTechnical FoulHead coach can be disqualified or ejected

with Combination of:◦ 3 Technical Fouls (1 Direct and 2 Indirect/3

Indirect)◦ 2 Technical Fouls◦ 1 Flagrant Technical Foul

Player can be ejected by being called for:◦ 2 Technical Fouls◦ 1 Flagrant Technical Foul◦ 1 Flagrant Foul◦ 5 Personal fouls is a disqualification

Technical and common fouls go to the 5 fouls for disqualification


Penalty:

All Technical Fouls give 2 shots and the ball to the offended team.

Point of Interruption on all Double Technical Fouls

FIGHTINGFIGHTING

FightingFightingFighting is a flagrant act when the ball is live or

dead

Attempting to strike, punch or kick by using fist, hands, arms, legs or feet with or without contact

Attempting to instigate a fight by committing an unsporting act that causes a person to retaliate by fighting

Ejection is required for fighting

Example: FightingExample: Fighting

IHSA SPECIAL IHSA SPECIAL REPORTSREPORTS

Special ReportsSpecial ReportsAn IHSA Special Report should be filed:

◦When any ejected player, coach or fan◦24 hours after the contest◦Online form on your personal IHSA

Webpage◦Be specific in report◦Not to be used for a player that fouls out of

game ◦Between the IHSA and the offended party

what penalty will ultimately be◦Once the decision is made, it cannot

be taken back!!!◦Can also be used for non ejection events

Foul Calling ReviewFoul Calling Review

Is severe contact allowed by the rules?Can a defender move after establishing

Legal Guarding Position? When do you call a flagrant foul? What is considered fighting? How many free throws do you award

during an intentional foul?Who do you call a player control foul on? When do you file a Special Report?

Module 12Module 12

Questions?

New Officials Basketball Class Module 12

Foul Calling

Documents

Inter-Athletic Council of Officials