Upload
kadeem-bell
View
20
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Bogota, Colombia 9 th -10 th June 2011. Inter-American Network of Academies of Science Energy Policy meeting. Energy policies (and problems) in Jamaica: update June 2011. Professor Anthony Clayton University of the West Indies. Part 1: new reasons for concern. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Inter-American Network of Academies of ScienceInter-American Network of Academies of ScienceEnergy Policy meetingEnergy Policy meeting
Inter-American Network of Academies of ScienceInter-American Network of Academies of ScienceEnergy Policy meetingEnergy Policy meeting
Bogota, ColombiaBogota, Colombia99thth -10 -10thth June 2011 June 2011
Professor Anthony ClaytonProfessor Anthony ClaytonUniversity of the West IndiesUniversity of the West Indies
Energy policies (and problems) in Energy policies (and problems) in Jamaica: update June 2011Jamaica: update June 2011
Part 1: new reasons for concern
Spikes not driven by fundamentals, but by politics
65%
The 21 Arabic-speaking nations/territories: May 2011
Revolution War Insurrection RepressionSecession
Protests18/21 affected
Part 2: Recap of the situation in Jamaica
Energy (in)efficiencyEnergy (in)efficiency Jamaica’s energy intensity index (EII) has increased
for ~2 decades. Despite high oil prices, energy consumption grows faster than the economy.
Jamaica uses >21,000 BTU to produce US$1.00 of output; global average is 4,600 BTU.
Jamaica consumes ~60,000 barrels of oil/day, imported 22.1 million barrels in 2009.
In 2009 87% of Jamaica’s foreign exchange income was used to buy imported oil.
Energy mix in Jamaica (2009)•Imported oil: ~91%.•Renewable: ~9%.
Indicator 2009 2012 2015 2030
% renewable in energy mix 9% 11% 12.5% 20%
% diversification energy supply 9% 11% 33% 70%
Energy intensity index (BTU/US$1 output) in constant year 2000 $US
21,152 14,000 12,700 6,000
Jamaica: energy policy timetable
Still more than world average in 2010
By importing LNG
In summary….In summary….
1. Standards of energy efficiency in Jamaica are extremely low.
2. Jamaica is heavily dependent on imported oil, a finite resource that is likely to be increasingly expensive in future; consumption also has significant environmental costs.
3. Jamaica has a serious balance of payments problem; much of which stems from (2).
Energy policy goalsEnergy policy goals
1. Import LNG to diversify energy sources and reduce dependence on oil.
2. Reduce energy intensity of economy by increasing efficiency of energy production and consumption.
3. Reduce barriers to uptake of energy conservation and efficiency technologies.
Energy policy goalsEnergy policy goals
1. Import LNG.
(in principle)(in principle)
(in practice)(in practice)
Part 3: Update
November 2010: James Robertson, Minister of Mining and Energy, accused of soliciting murder
May 2011: USA withdraws visa from James Robertson, UK and Canada reported to be considering similar action
May 2011: James Robertson resigns as Minister
May 2011: Contractor-General reports LNG project was corrupt
2010: LNG project removed from Ministry of Mining and Energy
Consequences•LNG project now to be renegotiated•Growing doubts about costs and benefits•Lobbies for coal, possibly nuclear
Most likely outcome?
Business as usual: continued dependence on oil.
Part 4: the good news….
Zero net energy buildings
It is now possible to construct buildings with zero net energy demand; produce same amount of energy they consume.
Does not mean self-sufficient; buildings buy energy from grid when loads exceed generating capacity, sell energy to grid when loads are low.
If all buildings were ZNE would displace ~25% global energy demand.
March 2008: UK Government set target: all new schools and domestic buildings zero-carbon by 2016all non-domestic buildings by 2019.April 2009: European Parliament amended Energy Performance of Buildings Directive to require that by 2019 all new buildings must be net zero energy
Net Zero Energy Building Net Zero Energy Building (NET ZEB)(NET ZEB)
ZEB IN MALAYSIA
The University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science buildingOpened October 2009
The University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science building
•Natural ventilation and shading reduce cooling load•High windows and skylights provide natural lighting•PV cells produce electricity•Small façade reduces heating load
The University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science interior
ZNE/EP prototype building in Jamaica
UWI research project will construct a ZNE/EP building as pilot project
Final stage of negotiating fundingExtensive buy-in from major stakeholders
(utilities, professions, financial institutions)
Thank you !Thank you !Thank you !Thank you !