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Intellectual/Artistic Contributions from 1450-1750. Anna Fyalkowski , Liz Joseph, Christian Marvilli and Jason Pymento. CHAPTER 23 – Western Europe. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Anna Fyalkowski, Liz Joseph, Christian Marvilli and
Jason Pymento
Cartography (map making), compasses,
rudders (from IOT trade with Chinese), lateen
sails, caravel ships. [Naval technology to
better trade and exploration and expedition]
Gutenberg’s printing press >>> heightened
the spread of the Protestant Reformation.
Bible production increased with the press,
also increasing literacy rates drastically in
addition to the introduction of vernacular
writing.
The scientific revolution brought about secular
ideas
(Copernicus, Newtn, etc.)
The Enlightenment sprouted ideas of
government and human nature (humanism,
individualism).
India, the Middle East and China begin to fall
behind.
Works of literature about conquest that
assisted Cortez and Pizarro and their efforts
regarding the Aztecs and Inca respectively.
Military technology such as guns and
firearms (and superior metal weaponry in
general) that aided in the conquest of Latin
America.
Period of intellectual and artistic
development from the Aztecs and Inca ends
with their conquest by the Spanish
conquistadors.
Spanish and Portugese establish areas in the
New World.
Usage of specialized slave transport ships … for
the Triangular trade with the Americas/ West
Indes.
Language mix and the formations of Creole
tongues fusing English and African languages.
Music integration of Africans and English
(syncretism)
Slavery was a preexistent phenomenon in
Sub-Saharan Africa where Africans
themselves were slaves. Despite the major
demographic change (population decrease in
Africa and population increase in the
Americas), they still maintained their basic
culture and fused it with European influence.
Creation of huge ships designed for long distance
travel during the expeditions of Zheng He.
The Ming and Manchu (Qing) leaders reintroduced
the civil service examinations for government
positions as part of the scholar gentry.
Jesuit missionaries and European traders brought
items such as the clock and prism as well as fixed the
Chinese calendar.
Great Wall of China to protect from invaders.
The Kabuki and Bunraku theaters of Japanese
entertainment (puppets and actors)
Haiku poetry, Japanese art and calligraphy.
Interaction with the Dutch led to information
from the outside world.
In China, the reintroduction of the civil service exam
revived the custom of China before the Yuan Dynasty.
Confucianism encouraged the civil service exam and
increased the number of Confucian scholars and
essentially education.
In Japan and in China, their inherent and everlasting
ethnocentric views directed them to isolationism and
ultimately their withdrawl from the
technological/intellectual race with Europeans and
Muslims.
Ottomans – creation of the Suleymaniye mosque
that blended the architecture of the Middle East
and that of the Byzantines.
Safavids – creation of the Ali Qapu, the palace
that was built in the center of the capital
Isfahan.
Mughals – creation of miniature illustrations and
the Taj Mahal.
Great development and advancement regarding
gun and firearm technology (hence the name
“Gunpowder Empires”)
Through expansion they absorbed all
intellectual developments of their conquered
regions, but did not change their art
(calligraphy, etc.) and many other foreign
ideas.
Comparison China and Middle East
Both turned inward to control internal affairs and
to preserve their cultures.
Both regarded foreign ideas and influence to be
disruptive to their ways.
As a result both fell behind
technologically/intellectually despite their head
start earlier.
Because of their dispositions they had to rely on
European advancements to better themselves and
keep general pace.