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Integumentary System and Body Membranes
The Skin and its appendages – hair, nails, and skin glands
Anatomy/Physiology - NHS
Body Membranes
• Sheet-like layer covers and/or lines – hollow organs, body cavities etc..
• Cutaneous – SKIN
• Serous – covers organs, lines cavities, and secretes a thin watery fluid – lubricate, reduce friction
• Mucous – Secrete mucus to exterior surface, lines the RT, GIT, and UG – keeps moist and soft
Body Membranes (Connective)• Do not have
epithelial components
• Smooth Slick Coverings of Joints
• Secrete Synovial Fluid - lubricates – reduces friction
SKIN – Cutaneous Membrane
• Largest Organ
• Also called Cutaneous Membrane
• Membranes – cover/protect body surfaces – line body cavities and cover the insides of hollow organs
• 16% of body weight
Epidermis• Outer layer of skin• Several stratified
squamous – thin• Tightly Packed• Produces Keratin- tough
water proof material – used for protection
• Produces Melanin – pigment of skin
• Avascular
Dermis• Deep layer of skin loosely
packed
• Mostly connective tissue
• Dermal Papillae – parallel rows or peg like projections
• Vascular
• Form Ridges
• Sensory
Hair - Appendage• Follicles in dermis
produce hair –papilla from birth
• Papilla is nourished by blood vessels
• Roots and Shafts make up hair
• Lunago – newborns hair
• Arrector pilli cause “Goose Bumps”
Receptors - Appendage• Nerve Fibers• Pacinian Corpuscle – deep in dermis – detects pressure• Meissner’s Corpuscle – shallow in dermis-located toward
the epidermal base – detect light touch• Free nerve endings – detect pain• Krause’s end bulbs – detect vibrations
Nails - Appendage• Filled with Keratin
• Nail Root – nail underneath skin
• Cuticle – groove where skin meets nail
• Lunula – “little white moon”• Low Oxygen = cyanosis – blue color
Skin Glands
• Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands – most numerous – produce perspiration – excrete waste such as ammonia and uric acid, help maintain body temp
• Sebaceous gland – secretes oil for hair and skin
FUNCTION - Protection
• PROTECTION:Melanin protects from U.V. rays, Keratin is waterproof and microproof
• Temp. Regulation: Removes up to 3,000 calories of heat a day
• Sensing: Senses Pain, Hot Cold, Touch - Millions of “antenna”
Burns
• Causes: UV Light, Fire, Electricity, Acid• Total area involved – “rules of nine”• 1st degree – minor discomfort – reddening of skin
– only epidermis• 2nd degree – deep epidermal and some , dermal –
blistering, damage sweat glands, oil glands, hair• 3rd – complete destruction of the dermis –
insensitive to pain.
1st Degree• 1st degree – minor discomfort – reddening of skin –
only epidermis
2nd Degree• 2nd degree – deep epidermal and some ,
dermal – blistering, damage sweat glands, oil glands, hair
3rd Degree• 3rd – complete destruction of the dermis –
insensitive to pain. Scarring and lesions