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Integration of Renewable Energy Resources:
a European Perspective
Patrick Van Hove Research Policy Officer
European Commission Research & Innovation
International Conference on Integration, Kyoto, 18 November 2014
Outline
Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe
Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System
European – level energy RD&D strategy
The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan
European-level Research and Innovation Programme
Horizon2020 Programme
European Energy & Climate Policy
Three pillars of energy policy:
•Sustainability
•Security of supply
•Competitiveness
Actions:
•Energy-Climate policies, security of supply
•Market liberalisation and integration
•RD&D – Strategic Energy Technologies plan
A trajectory for the long term :
* 80-95%
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Increased Renewable
Energy
Increased Energy
Efficiency
European Targets for 2030 (agreed 10/2014)
27% renewable energy in 2030: up to 45% renewable electricity
2020 -20 %
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
20% Renewable
Energy
20 % Energy
Efficiency
10 % Interconnection
2030 - 40 % Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
27 % Renewable
Energy
27% Energy
Efficiency
15 % Interconnection
2050 ambitions
Current status of renewables in the EU
Wind Power: (end 2013)
Capacity 117 GW, energy 233 TWh
•Offshore 6 GW, 24 TWh
EU share of electricity from wind 7.8%
•Denmark, Portugal, Lithuania, Spain, Ireland > 15%
Solar Energy: (end 2013)
•Total PV capacity: 81.5 GW
•Concentrated solar: 2.3 GW
EU share of electricity from solar : 3%
Much larger in Germany, Spain, Italy
EU installed wind capacity
Overall EU Power system:
1,000 GW capacity, 3,300 TWh generation
Outline
Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe
Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System
European – level energy RD&D strategy
The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan
European-level Research and Innovation Programme
Horizon2020 Programme
Integration of Renewable Energy
Market integration of renewables
•First phase incentives: feed-in tariffs, priority dispatch, others
•Cross-border electricity market integration
•Importance of intraday markets
Technical integration of renewables
•Large numbers of distributed generators, new structure of power system
•Balancing requires more flexibility in the power system
•Balancing over large areas increases long-distance flows: capacity needs
•Integration with other energy infrastructure (gas, heat, cold, etc.)
… requires important changes in the power system
RES Integration Highlights
Locally, very high shares of renewables
Technologies and solutions developed, experience gained.
Example 1:
•Very high share of wind power in Northern Germany
Example 2:
•Very high share of PV power in Southern Italy
Example 3:
•Offshore wind integration in the North Sea
Germany: High share wind (EWE, N-W DE)
EWE AG | The real challenge of renewables: integration into the distribution grids
• RES-generation capacity > 227% of regional peak demand. • 97% RES installations connected to distribution network • RES generation 70% of total electricity consumption in 2013
9
Forward flow Electricity load
500 MW
1.000 MW
1.500 MW
2.000 MW
2.500 MW
3.000 MW
3.500 MW
0 MW
500 MW
1.000 MW
1.500 MW
2.000 MW
2.500 MW
3.000 MW
3.500 MW
day change day change
day change
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 0 MW
Reverse flow 10
Correlation of RES generation with demand Forward & Reverse Flows
Smart Grids reduce RES integration CAPEX
11
Copper and iron strategies and frameworks do not
provide cost-efficient RES integration for the future.
11
EWE AG | The real challenge of renewables: integration into the distribution grids
BAU approach Smart Grid „light“ Smart Grid „full“
Inve
stm
en
ts d
ue
to
RE
S (
m€)
year
Solar PV penetration
*source: GSE, atlasole
38.2247 plants for
2.505 MW installed to
date*
Puglia region
Low load density areas; sunny and flat zones favour the
installation of large solar PV plants
Italy: huge increase of RES observed in the last 5 years
0 7 52 212 680
2202 2444 2500 2505
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Cumulative Power Connected [MW]
in Puglia
Italy: Large increase of PV (2009 – 2012)
Cuneo province
9692 plants
518 MW installed*
*source: GSE, atlasole
2010 2011 2012
Puglia network flow from HV to MV grid
Substation in Cuneo area: Net power injected through Enel network
Significant reverse power flows require adequate technologies and accurate network management
Generation > Demand
Reverse power flow (% of HV/MV sections with reverse flow for more than 5% of time in the year)
7%
+157%
2012
18%
2010
Distributed PV generation higher than load
reverse power flow to the HV network
Building blocks, integrated through Broad Band infrastructure
connecting main nodes of the distribution network - Interoperability
• Generation forecasting
• Real-time monitoring
• Voltage regulation
• Remote control & automation
• Emergency measures
• Information exchange with market players and TSO
Consumer benefits
• Generation & consumption
• Voltage quality
• Fast restoration
Smart grids solutions
Integration of Off-shore wind (North Seas)
Offshore wind deployment in the North Sea:
•Capacity factors: 40 – >50%
•Limited “Nimby” effect
•End 2013: 6 GW; National plans 2020: ≈40 GW
•Technological and economic challenge!
Integration of Off-shore wind: planning
Large areas planned for deployment of off-shore wind
Offshore grid for wind integration:
•10-Year Network Development Plan (ENTSO-E)
•Studies 2030
Integration with plans for on-shore long-distance network
•eHighway2050 project
Integration of Off-shore wind: technology
Increasing the size of turbines
Reducing all other cost items
Pushing the limits of off-shore connections:
•>100 km sea cables, high power
•HVDC Technology
•Coordinated solutions
•Meshed solutions
Outline
Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe
Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System
European – level energy RD&D strategy
The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan
European-level Research and Innovation Programme
Horizon2020 Programme
The Strategic Energy Technologies Plan
Technology action supporting European energy policy Accelerate technology development, technology transfer & uptake
Reference for coordinated European and national technology innovation
Enhance European competitiveness in low-carbon technologies
2020 perspective: European Industrial Initiatives
public-private partnerships for short to medium term
European Electricity Grids Initiative EEGI
beyond 2020: European Energy Research Alliance
joint programming for medium to long term
EERA Joint Programme Smart Grids - ELECTRA
SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 2014
Holistic view of energy system
Integrate consumers, demand-side actions
The European Electricity Grids Initiative
Main drivers:
Integrating up to 35% of Renewable electricity by 2020, more later on
Integrating national networks and markets into a pan-European network
Engaging active customers in energy efficiency and markets
New challenges from renewable electricity
Generation far from consumption – need more grid capacity
Variability of renewables – need flexibility from generation, active demand, interconnections, storage
From 100's to millions of supply points – need active distribution, automation
Smart Grid RD&D projects in Europe
Strong commitment to
development & deployment
of smart grids in Europe
459 RD&D projects
•45% R&D,
•55% Demonstration
3,150 M€ investment
•73% Demonstration
•Predominance of national projects
Smart Grid Projects Outlook
•ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu
SET Plan Energy Research Alliance - EERA
Joint programmes to integrate research activities & resources of national research centres and accelerate R&D
Longer-term complement to industrial initiatives
Wind energy, Solar energy, Bioenergy, Electricity grids, CCS, Materials for Nuclear, Fuel cells and Hydrogen, Smart Cities
Joint programmes in new areas Geothermal energy, marine energy, energy storage, materials for energy
>150 research institutes and universities involved
Joint programmes with >2000 full-time equivalent researchers
EERA programme on Smart Grids – ELECTRA – Side workshop!
Outline
Challenging Climate-Energy Objectives for Europe
Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System
European – level energy RD&D strategy
The European Strategic Energy Technologies Plan
European-level Research and Innovation Programme
Horizon2020 Programme
Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) three pillars:
Excellent science:
Individual grants for frontier research, collaborative research on future and emerging technologies, training actions, research infrastructure
Industrial leadership (ICT, Materials, SME's):
Innovative developments on key enabling technologies;
Efficient solutions to the technical challenges;
Allowing European industry to remain globally competitive
Societal challenges:
Innovative multi-disciplinary objective-driven technology solutions;
Health & weelbeing, food & bioeconomy, energy, transport, climate & resource efficiency, secure & inclusive societies
Energy challenge: 6B€ (2014-2020)
The main RD&D financing instrument at European level
Horizon 2020 implementation :
Yearly calls for proposals
Covering the full chain from research to market uptake
SET Plan as the basis for Energy Research & Innovation
• Energy efficiency across the energy system
• Low-carbon energy sources
• Integration in real environments: smart cities and communities
Europe-wide initiatives, coordination with national programmes, with other policies
•Structural and cohesion funds for energy & smart specialisation.
•Connecting Europe Facility to complete missing links in energy infrastructure
International cooperation
Opportunities for international cooperation
Horizon2020
• Participation of European subsidiaries & non-European organisations fully included
• Joint projects isued from Joint Calls
EERA Joint Programme Smart Grids - ELECTRA
• Laboratory – to - Laboratory collaboration
• Developing cross-continental cooperation, international coordination board
• Opportunities for researcher exchanges
Multilateral cooperation with major economies: ISGAN
Conclusion
New Challenging Climate Objectives for Europe
Contribution to world-wide action CoP21 Paris 2015
Integration of Renewable Resources in the Energy System
Ready technology, validation, further developments in Europe
Strategic RD&D cooperation in Europe
Integrated vision of the energy system
Horizon 2020 European Programme for Research and
Innovation
Open to international cooperation
http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/index_en.cfm
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm
http://www.gridplus.eu/
http://www.electrairp.eu/
http://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/smart-grids-observatory
Thank you for your attention